新目标英语八年级下第三单元讲学案

1、新目标英语八年级下第三单元讲学案Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?单元学习目标1 学会谈论过去发生的事情(Talk about past events)2学会讲故事( Tell a story)3了解一些自然科学知识和社会科学知识,从而更加热爱科学,探索科学.重点与难点1以when、while引导的时间状语从句2过去进行时态：“was / were + doing”结构Section APreview 预习1 背景资讯(UFO的含义和 “飞碟”的由来)UFO 是英文(Unidentified Flying Object)的缩写,意为

2、不明飞行物.它的含义,从广义讲是天空中一切不明原因和无法解释的飞行物,而狭义讲指外星人的飞行器.人们常常提到的UFO是广义上的飞碟,但外星人的飞行器至今也未收集到.一般UFO具有一些无法解释的特性,如具有超出最快火箭的高速度,或可在高速运动时瞬间停止悬空,或停在空中有瞬间高速飞离的本领,能直角转弯,自身旋转,无声无息,瞬间消失等特性.为什么会有这些特性还有待研究.“飞碟”名称的由来1947年6月24日,肯尼思架着自己运货的飞机在美国华盛顿州卡斯卡德山脉上空飞行.下午他飞抵雷尼尔山附近,架着飞机兜了一会圈子,寻找一架曾在这里失踪的飞机.他突然发现左侧稍远地面上有几个发光的物体.九个发光物体排成一

3、行前后高低,每个呈发光圆形,有飞机大小,这一行在峰峦间穿行,有时还绕过一个山头.每小时约飞2700公里.着陆后记者问他,这些物体如何飞行.他并未说飞行物是碟子,而是说物体飞行像贴着水面抛出的碟子.可是,第二天的美国报纸报道说,他看到了 “飞碟”.2 你还记得现在分词的构成规则吗?(如go-going, going是go的现在分词) 3 你能说说看什么时候用现在进行时和一般过去时吗? 4 你知道这些词的意思吗?能写出它们的动词原形吗? took off（起飞、脱下） arrived（到达）landed（着陆） got out（下车、下来）shouted（喊叫） climbed（爬） happen

4、ed（发生） ran away（逃跑）bought(买) standing( ) studying( ) cleaning( ) sleeping( ) making( )cooking( ) getting out( ) talking( ) cutting ( ) eating( ) 5 重难点先知道: 过去进行时：表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。 构成：was / were + 现在分词（其中was是am、is的过去式，were是are的过去式） eg. 1) What were you doing at nine last night?(昨晚9点你在干什么?)I was doing

5、 my homework then . (那时，我正在做作业)2) He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 oclock yesterday . (昨天12点，他正在厨房烧饭。)用法1）过去进行时表现过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 eg. She was writing a letter when I came in . (我进来时，她正在写封信。) 2）过去进行时还表示过去某阶段正在进行的动作。 eg. They were waiting for you yesterday . (他们昨天一直在等你.)过去进行时与一般过去时的区别；过去进行时：表示正在进行的动作

6、。I was reading a novel lastnight.昨晚我在看小说。（可能还没有看完）一般过去时：表示一个完成的动作。I read a novel last night.昨晚我看了一本小说。（已经看完了）在本单元中，出现了以when和while引导的时间状语从句。The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.(当UFO着陆时男孩正走在街道上.)While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.(当男孩正走在街道上时,UFO着陆了.)when 和 wh

7、ile 引导的时间状语从句1) 延续性动词和非延续性动词 延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间，而不是瞬间结束。如：work、study、drink、eat等。 非延续性动词指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束。如：start、begin、arrive、jump、go、 finish、borrow、knock等。2) when表示“当的时候”。它后面既可跟延续性动词，又可跟非延续性动词.如：Mary was having dinner when I saw her .(当我看到玛丽的时候,她正在吃饭.)主句 从句(see是非延续性动词)3) while表示“在的时候”、“在期间”。While后面必须是表示动作

8、或状态的延续性动词。如： The weather was fine while we were in Beijing .(当我们在北京的时候天气很好.) 主句 从句(表示状态) She called while I was out .(当我不在时,她打过电话.) While we were swimming someone stole our clothes .(当我们正在游泳的时候,有人偷了我们的衣服) 从句( swim延续性动词)所以, when可指时间点，又可指时间段，从句中可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。while总是指一个时间段，从句中必须用延续性动词。学习过程1a Questi

9、on: Where were you when the UFO arrived?(当UFO到达的时候,你正在哪里?)知识链接:You borrow books there. library You cook meals there. kitchen You buy and eat meals there. restaurantYou look at art and old things there. museumYou mail letters and packages there. post office You enjoy trees and flowers there. parkYou

10、sleep there. bedroom You get a haircut(剪发) there. barber shop1b 听记者的问题,圈出正确的人们的反应.(参考预习4的练习)知识链接:in front of in the front of before 的区别（1）in front of意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。如：He walked in front of me.他走在我的前面。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)（2）in front of与in

11、 the front ofin the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of（在范围内的后部）。如：There is a big desk and a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一张大桌子和一块黑板。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. (我们的老师站在教室前.)（3）in front of与beforebefore通常指时间或排序上的“在以前”，反义词是after。如：He usually gets

12、to school before me.他通常到校比我早。talk on the phone 通过电话谈话get out of the shower 洗完澡出来get out意思是 “出去,离开” 若表示 “ 从.出来” 通常用get out of 如:Mr Smith got out of his office just now.(史密斯先生刚刚离开他的办公室)sleep late表示“迟于规定时间还在睡”，即“睡懒觉”。Late在这里是副词，表示“迟”，“迟于规定的时间”。【注】over sleep也表示“睡懒觉”。1c 谈论当UFO到达时人们正在做什么.2a 把事实按照所听到的顺序依次排

13、列.知识链接外星人alien 买个纪念品 buy a souvenir 着陆 land 2b 用when while填空完成句子.2c 看图用when while 造句.Question: What was the girl doing when the UFO took off ?(离开)take off （1）脱下 eg. Please take off your coat . Its warm in the room . 请脱下大衣，屋子里面很暖和。 （2）起飞 eg. The girl was eating the ice cream when the UFO took off . 当

14、UFO起飞的时候，那个女孩正在吃冰淇淋.反义词: put on (穿上) land (着陆)3a 读一封e-mail, 给图片标顺序.知识链接:1) experience 名词,翻译为 “经历”,可数名词. 当表示 “经验”时不可数.动词时表示 “经历”.2)around为副词，可表示“大约”用与修饰数量词。如：He came back around 7pm last night. 他昨晚大约7点回来的。around 也表示“在周围”“围绕”。如：The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕太阳转。3) right在这里为副词，用来加强语气，表示“正好”“就”等。

15、如：She was standing right in the middle of the room.她站在房间的正中央。【注】副词just也常用于加强语气。如：Its just around the comer .就在拐角处。Just wait a moment , please .请稍候。4) be surprised 感到吃惊,主语一般为人.eg. He was surprised when I saw him . (我见到他的时候，他感到很吃惊。)be surprised to do 做.令人吃惊 吃惊地去做.eg, I am surprised to see you here.be

16、surprised at sth. 对感到吃惊eg, I was surprised at his words.surprising 令人吃惊的, 常用来修饰物或主语是物.eg, It is surprising news for me. to ones surprise 令人惊讶地是.To my surprise, he passed the exam easily.5) Isnt that amazing? “那难道不令人惊奇吗?” 这是一个否定句,表达肯定的意思. 否定句的回答要注意, 肯定时要用yes+肯定结构,否定时要用 no + 否定结构,这和汉语表达有很大不同.Wont you

17、go? (你真不去?)Yes, I will.(不, 我要去.) No, I wont.(是的,我不去.)3b 复述故事4 谈论上一周日你在不同时刻正在做什么.Question: what were you doing at these times last Sunday? Section A 巩固练习一、 根据句子意思，补全句中表示地点的单词，首字母已给出。1. I often borrow books from the school l_.2. My hair is too long. I should go to the b_ shop.3. There is only a bed in

18、 my b_.4. Tom is talking a shower in the b_.5. Your k_ is so big. Do you like cooking meals here?二、 单项选择。1. There is a big tree _ the house.A. in front B. in the front C. in front of D. in the front of 2. When I _ school, Mr Zhang was playing football with the boys.A. arrived B. got C. came D. reach

19、ed3. Yesterday he _ a new dictionary from the bookshop.A. buyed B. bought C. brought D. boughted4. While the girl _, the alien got out.A. is shopping B. was shopping C. shopped D. went shopping5. I _ school at around ten oclock in the morning yesterday.A. walked B. was walking C. walk to D. was walk

20、ing to6. _ interesting news!A. What B. What an C. How D. How a7. Oh, Im too tired. How about _ a rest?A. to have B. have C. having D. has8. I was doing my homework at 9 oclock last night. Youre _. I saw you in the cinema.A. hard-working B. kiding C. kidding D. kidded9. If you need some help, please

21、_.A. ask for a policeman B. call the policeC. ask police D. calling policeman三、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1.What _ you _ (do) at 9:00 am yesterday?2.While Li Lei _(have) breakfast, Jim came in.3.I saw a UFO _(land) on Center Street at 10 oclock last night.4.Ted had a very _(usual) experience yesterday. He saw a U

22、FO.5.Jim followed his father to see where he _(go) 四、 按要求变换句式 1. Tom saw an alien yesterday. (变成否定句) _.2.When the UFO took off, the girl was waiting for a bus. (变为一般疑问句)_? 3.The boy was riding a bike when the UFO landed. (画线部分提问) _?4. The girl was shopping when the alien got out. ( 用while改写句子) _5. J

23、ohn did his homework last night. (用at nine oclock改写句子)_Section B Preview你能写出这些短语的翻译吗?1爬树10四处走走2 跳下11考虑3打电话给报社12向外看4照相13进来5骑自行车14紧挨着6走路去学校15车祸7火车站16北京国际机场8跑开,逃走17 住院9大声喊它的名字18在诊所,医生办公室1 搭配句子和图片重点词汇:1) scare 害怕 be scared to do/ of sth. “害怕做某事/某事”He was scared to see a snake. (他害怕看到蛇.)He was scared of

24、darkness.(他害怕黑暗.)The boy was (scare) to catch the snake. 2) climb 爬jump 跳,跳跃 jump onto 跳上 jump down 跳下 jump the queue 插队3) shout 呼喊,喊叫 shout to 是由于距离远,声音小了听不到,因而 “高声喊叫” shout at 表示生气时对某人大喊大叫,态度不友好.Eg, Dont shout at that old man. (不要对那位老人大声叫嚷.) I shouted to her to help me.(我向她喊帮帮我.)2a 把听到的内容打勾.2b 写出各

25、行为的实施者.2c 复习while引导的时间状语从句.3 读短文,回答问题.重点词汇1) anywhere adv. 无论何处,用于肯定句.you can go anywhere you like. (你可以去你喜欢的任何地方.)某地, 常用于疑问句,否定句中.Are we going anywhere interesting?(我们要到什么有趣的地方?)2) think 的用法过去式和过去分词是thought , 现在分词是 thinking.think of 想起 think about 考虑 think over 反复思考What do you _ the game show?We mu

26、st _ what to do next time.Please _ before you decide to do it.3) happen take placeeg, It is too noisy outside. Whats happening?It will take place sooner or later.二者都可以译作发生,并且都没有被动语态.happen 往往表示偶然性的,没预料到的事情的发生.表示某人发生什么事情, 要用 “sth happened to sb ” eg., A bad car accident happened to Tom yesterday.happ

27、en to 偶然发生, 碰巧He happened to be there when the fire was on.take place 往往表示必然性的发生或计划安排内的发生, 没有偶然的意思.eg, When will the concert take place?(音乐会什么时候举行?)4a 描述一个故事.4b 谈论在过去不同时刻正在做的事情.Question: Where were you at . last Sunday? What were you doing at . last Sunday?Self check1) in hospital 和 in the hospital

28、的区别和用法He was ill in hospital now. 生病住院They work in the hospital, because they are doctors. 在医院同样类似的短语有 in bed in the bed in prison in the prison2) at the doctors 的用法意思为在诊所 这个结构省略了 “诊所” 这个结构可以表示某人的住所,商店, 企业等等.类似的用法 at the barbers at the bakers(面包店) at Mr Wangs (王先生家)Reading背景资料:马丁 路德 金 是美国民权运动德领袖. 美国

29、战后经济发展很快,可国内的黑人却在经济和政治上受到歧视. 他立志为争取社会平等和正义做一名牧师.他曾号召黑人抵制隔离,迫使法院取消地方运输工具上的座位隔离.这是美国南部黑人第一次以自己的力量取得斗争的胜利,也拉开了民权斗争的序幕. 1968年,他被种族分子暗杀. 从此美国政府规定,每年的1月第三个星期一为马丁 路德 金全国纪念日.Preview 你知道这些短语的中文意思吗?1 in morden American history _ 2 hear about _3 at that time _ 4 have fun_5 in the playground _ 6 in silence _7 t

30、ake place _ 8 World Trade Center _9 as terrible as _ 10 walk on the moon_11 fly around the earth _ 12 become national hero _13 all over the world _请回答下列问题1 What happened on April 4, 1968 in modern American history?2 How old is Robert Allen now?3 What was Robert Allen doing when the bell rang on that

31、 day?4 Who destroyed the World Trade Center?5 How many hours did Yang Li Wei fly around the earth?6 How many events are there mentioned in this passage?(文章中提到了几个事件?)重点词汇:hear的用法hear sb. do sth.听到某人做某事 I heard him go out.hear sb. doing sth 听到某人正在做 I heard them talking in the next room.hear about 听说 I

32、 never heard about koalas.hear from 收到某人的来信 Last week I heard from my best friend.as. as 同级比较His bag is as expensive as mine. 中间加形容词, 副词的原级.not as/so. as 意思为不如. Tom doesnt run as fast as his brother. 一. 就 as soon asI will call you as soon as I get home.被动语态:On this day, Dr Martin Luther King was kil

33、led in the city of Memphis in America. 被害被动语态是表示被动.主语是动作的承受者.它的结构是 主语+助动词be+ 过去分词例如: English is widely used in the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用.The mountain is covered with snow all the year around. 山上终年被雪覆盖.Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的.Rice is grown in South China. 华南种植水稻.Section B 练习 单项选择1.

34、While Ann _a bike, she met Lucy.A riding B. is riding C. rode D. was riding2. Daniel came to Beijing last year and he _.A. takes photos B. took lots of photosC. took lots of photos D. was taking photoes 3. He went to bed too late last night, so he _up early this morning.A. could get B. cannot get C.

35、 couldnt get D. got 4. I looked for my pen here and there, but I didnt find it _ A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere5. Linda didnt think about _ her dog outside the station.A. looking for B. finding C. finding out D. looking over6. The shirt is too small. Could you please show me _ one

36、?A. other B. another C. others D. the other 7. Jim was badly ill, so he was _.A. at hospital B. at a hospital C. in hospital D. in the hospital8. What _while Linda was on her way to New York?A. happened B. did happen C. was happen D. happens 9. Betty saw a cat _the tree on her way to school.A. in B.

37、 on C. over D. above 10. There are lots of _ on the desk; you can have a look.A. newspaper B. news C. newspapers D. newspapers 11 Look at this photo. Can you _ her name?A think over B think of C think D think about12 _ happened when I was on vacation?A What B Who C When D Which语法专项练习:用when while 完成下列句子:1 What were you doing when YangLi Wei went into sp