状语从句用法总结(完整)[共14页]

1、 状语从句什么是状语？状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day 4.Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.5. I know how to light a camp fi

2、re because I had done it before.状语的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。什么是状语从句？状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词根据其作用状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句(从属连词 )引导,也可以由词组引起。2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句状语从句的时态特点一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用时 ”,用 “现在完成时 ”表示 “将来完成时 ”。“一般现在时 ”表示 “一般将来I w

3、ill call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.If he comes back, please let me know.1 时间状语从句常用引导词： when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ,the instant, immediately

4、 , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didn trealize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard( 果园 ), the moment they saw the guard No sooner had I arrived home, then it began to rain.Ev

5、ery time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.表示 “一 就 ”除 as soon as外,还有三类：名词型 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；副词型 immediately, directly, instantly ；句式型 no sooner than , hardly/scarcely whenThe moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.I came immediately you called. 你一给我打电话,我就马

6、上来。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家,就开始下雨。【注意】如果 hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.在时间状语从句中,不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。When, while, as(一边. 一边.), aft

7、er, before, as soon as, since, till /until, by thetime( 到。为止 , 所在句子的主句应用完成时)Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.when, while 和 as 的区别when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可

8、以是瞬时动词。并且有时表示 “就在那时 ”, when and then; at that moment 。whenWhen she came in, I stopped eating.When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.We were about to leave when he came in.While 引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while 有时还可以表示对比。While my wife was reading the newsp

9、aper, I was watching TV.I like playing football while you like playing basketball.As 表示 “一边 一边”,as 引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生； as 也可以强调 “一先一后。We always sing as we walk.As we was going out, it began to snow.before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句before 的本意为 “在 之前 ”,根据具体语境还可理解为 “还没来得及/还没有 就 ,趁着还没 就 ,不知不觉就 , 才 ”等。A

10、fter 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。 It will be four days before they come back.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married four months before they were divorced.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.A

11、fter we had finished the work, we went home.till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until 。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。I didnt go to bed until （till ） my father came back.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.I wo

12、rked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。由 since 引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间 since 从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。I have been in Beijing since you left.Where have you been since I last saw you?It is four years sinc

13、e my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。2地点状语从句常用引导词： where特殊引导词： wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.句型 1：Where 地点从句,（there ）主句。or impo

14、ssible.Where there is no rain, farming is difficultThey were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.You should have put the book where you found it.Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.句型 2：Anywhere/ wherever 地点从句,主句。Wherever the sea is, you

15、 will find seamen.3原因状语从句常用引导词： because, since, as, for because, since, as, for 辨析for 引导的从句在主句后。常用引导词： so that, such that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It ssuch a good chance that we must not miss it.To such a degree was he excited that he couldn t sleep last night.6条件状语从句常用引导词： i

16、f, unless,特殊引导词： as/so long as, only if, providing/providedthat, supposing that, in case that, on condition thatWell start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样

17、,从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时态、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时来替代。Tell me in case you get into difficulty.Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?7让步状语从句常用引导词： though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首),nomatter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, wh

18、oever, wherever, whenever,however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.as, though 引导的倒装句as / though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、 副词、 分词、 实义动词提前） 。Child as

19、/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意：a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。b. 句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seem

20、sno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whichever no matter how = however注意： no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错） No matter what you say is of no use now.（对） Whatever you say is of no use now.（错） Prisoners have to eat no matter what they regiven,（对） Prison

21、ers have to eat whatever they regiven.8比较状语从句常用引导词： as(同级比较 ), than( 不同程度的比较)特殊引导词： the more the more ; just as , so ; A is to B what /asX is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to mach

22、ine.no more than 只不过 (嫌少的意思 )not more than 不如。 (前者不如后者 )I have no more than two pens.It nso more than a mile to the shops.Jack is not more diligent than John.one of the + 名词 (复数 ) .之一 (用于最高级 )Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.9方式状语从句常用引导词： as, (ju st) as so , as if/though( 正如 ,就像 )特殊

23、引导词： the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛 似的 ,好像 似的 They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) the

24、y never existed.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件 主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为从句主要动词是 be 的某种形式。从句中的主语和:it ；be 动词常可省略。 When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外,比较状

25、语从句经常省略。I mtaller tha n he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).状语从句的 省略 现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句由 although, though, even if / though 等引导的让步状语从句由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引导的时间状语从句:;由 as, as if 等引导的方式状语从句由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句。下

26、面针对这五种情形作归纳。;(1) 当状语从句的主语是it, 且谓语动词是be 时,it 和 be 要完全简化掉。If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you(2) 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be 动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:a.连词 +形容词As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.b.连词 +名词While (he was) a young