学习英语的被动语态

1、资料来源：来自本人网络整理！祝您工作顺利！学习英语的被动语态 英语动词被动语态在语法书上都有详略不同的交代，但大都着重它的构成形式，例证那么往往不够。接下来，我给大家预备了如何学习英语的被动语态,欢送大家参考与借鉴。 学习英语的被动语态 英语动词被动语态好像在英语句子中比在汉语句子中更多出现，这点是我国初学者所常常忽视的。在某些句子中，英语总是用被动语态、而汉语那么绝不能用，如shakespeare was born in 1564./moliere was born in paris。初学英语的人接触到这样被动语态的句子恐不免感到惊奇，因为我们在汉语中惯于说生于某某年或某某年生，生于巴黎或在

2、巴黎出生，从来不说一个人被生出。 在另一些句子中，英语可用主动及被动两种语态，汉语那么倾向于用主动，如everybody likes him./he is liked by everybody。汉语人人喜爱他看来比他被人人喜爱更现成和自然。有人以为这有一个强调的问题，用作主语的词是加以强调的。即令如此，根据英语构造写成的他被大家喜爱这样的句子，总是别扭。 下面就十个类别，举出一些句子，说明英语某些动词用于某一意义或在某一场合中常作被动语态。类别当然不能只是十个，这儿仅举常见的。每个类别下也只举五个句子，句子中的动词彼此不一样。为便利起见，句子首先采纳大家熟知的 the advanced lea

3、rners dictionary of current english(ald)，其次是 longman dictionary of contemporary english(ldce)，必要时从其他英美书刊补充少数句子，但不注明出处。 1.关于生病 the left lung is affected1. _ald he is confined to the house by illness. _ ald he was seized with sudden chest pains. _ldce hes been troubled with a bad back since he was a c

4、hild. _ldce john was invalided2 out of the army. 上面这些句子中被动语态在英语中很习惯化，如将动词改为主动语态，有不同程度的不顺。用汉语表达这些句子中的同样的概念，就可以不肯定用被动语态。 2.关于疲乏困乏 he was doneup afterthe long ride. ald he was knocked up after the longsteen climb. _ ald he was almost fagged out. _ ald im completely exhausted3._ldce i was spent with the

5、 fatigue4 of the voyage. 汉语说累了、累垮了极一般。如说由于某种缘由而累了、累垮了，至少在构造上不用被动语态。这和第一类的例子是全都的。 3.关于喜悦、兴奋 i was delighted to hear the news of your success._ald were very pleased to see you here._ald on hearing of the victory，the nation was transported with joy._ald she was enchanted5 with the flowers you sent her.

6、 _ald the children were fascinated by the toys in the shopwindows._ ald 汉语如说被兴奋，将不成文理，说使兴奋或为兴奋，那也不能照英语被动语态去处理。事实上这头一句话照汉语是我兴奋地听到这虽带点欧化，但目前也通行了。最常见的唯恐还是听到我兴奋。无论如何。汉语说兴奋，不能如英语那样用被动语态。 4.关于堵塞、拖延： were been held up by fog. _ ald the mountain roads were obstructed6 by falls of rock._ald the train was del

7、ayed two hours. _ald i was hindered from getting here._ald the harbour was blocked by ice._ald 这其次句ald英汉双解本译成山路被落下石头所堵塞。严格地说这句译文好像欠流畅，尤其不能用于口语。当然，但凡阻力，总是外来的阻力，施于受事的主语，主语处于被动地位，但汉语不能实行英语的被动语态形式而完全不加变动。 5、关于习惯 he is quite used to hard work._ald this is not the kind of treatment i am accustomed to. _al

8、d he is addicted8 to smoking. _ald the old soldier was inured9 to danger. _ldce he is given to long walks. _ldce 英语中有些动词，由于常用于被动语态，词典中对它们的分词(participle)形式另立专条著录，成为独立的词，其功能相当于形容词。以上例句中的动词就是典型的例子。例如，词典一般既有use这一专条(不定式动词)，又有 used;既有 accustom7，又有 accustomed;既有give，又有given。但如inure及addict，在 ald上只注明常用于被动(us

9、u.passive)，尚未另立inured和 addicted专条，其他词典也大体是这样，虽然addicted还可以作为形容词，看成是独立的词条。然而不管这些词是否带有形容词的性质，在上面的句子中却具有被动语态的作用。 6.关于苦恼、心烦意乱 he was annoyed to learn that the train would be delayed._ald she is easily upset emotionally._ald he was vexed10 at his failure. _ ald he was disturbed to hear of your illness._a

10、ld i felt harassed11 by all the work of the office._ldce 苦恼等心情当然是引起的，因此英语中的被动语态好像说明了是由于什么引起的，但要留意第一句she is easily upset emotionally.不必指出缘由。 7.关于惊异或震惊 i was astonished to see him there. _ald im surprised he didnt come._ald he was shocked to hear his daughter swearing. _ald he was startled to see him

11、looking so ill._ald he was astounded12 when he heard he had won._ald 一个正常的人无故不会大惊小怪。但是我们说惊讶、大吃一惊或使惊讶和使大吃一惊等也就够了，不同于英语的被动表现形式。 8.关于围绕、包围 his land is fenced with barbed wire._ald troy was besieged13 by the greeks for ten years._ald the troops were surrounded._ald the cliffedge is dangerous and should

12、be railed._ldce japan is compassed about by the ocean._ldce 对于以上其次句，第三句及第五句，汉语是可以用被包围这类说法的，但对第一句的is fenced with，如说有篱笆围住就行了，不肯定要说被用篱笆围住。至于第四句中should be railed，英语的被动语态在汉语中也难以表达。我们通常说：应当用栏杆围起来，或应当把它用栏杆围起来，而不是应当被用栏杆围起来。 9.关于玷污、污染 his reputation is tarnished14._ald my car was mired15. _ ald the river was

13、 contaminated with water from the factory. _ ldce your fingers are stained with ink. that cheese is mildewed16. 和第三句的contaminated意义近似的动词如pollute及 defile等，也常用于被动语态。我们说，出污泥而不染，不是而不被染。 10.关于惶惑、慌乱 i was confounded to hear that. _ald they sked so many questions that i got confused. _ald tom was bewildere

14、d by the examination questions._ald he was puzzled what to do next. _ ald the cabinet ministers are perplexed17 as to what to do. 以上可和第六和第七两类联络起来看。 综观以上的例子，我们觉得中国同学学英语不只是要记住动词被动语态的形式，尤其要留心，在什么状况下，英语肯定比汉语更常用被动语态;要留心哪些动词是这样用的，哪些动词虽有各种不同用法，但专指某一特别意义时肯定用被动形式。有些特别被动语态，几乎习语化了，也是不行无视的，如下面两个句子： my hints were lost upon him._ ald my advice was thrown