2021年初中英语语法

1、资料来源：来自本人网络整理！祝您工作顺利！2021年初中英语语法 语法是语言学的一个分支，讨论按确定用法来运用的词类、词的曲折改变或表示互相关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系。下面是我给大家整理的初中英语语法，供大家参阅! 初中英语语法：some和any的用法 some 的用法 some 一些，某些，某个。可代替名词和形容词。常用于确定句。在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时，它可以修饰单数可数名词和复数可数名词，也可以修饰不行数名词。 1. 用于确定句 ask some boys to help you.(修饰复数可数名词) 叫些男孩来关心你。 please bring some co

2、ffee.(修饰不行数名词) 请拿些咖啡来。 ask some girl to come here.(修饰单数可数名词) 叫(某)个女孩来这儿。 2. some 用于疑问句时表示恳求、邀请或盼望得到确定的答复。 would you like some coffee?(表示恳求、邀请) 请喝咖啡。 have you some stamps?(盼望得到确定的答复) 你有邮票吧? any 的用法 any 一些，任何。可代替名词和形容词。常用于否认句或疑问句，也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时，它可以修饰复数形式的可数名词和不行数名词。 1. 用于疑问句或否认句 are there any cows i

3、n the fields?(修饰复数形式的可数名词) 田里有一些牛吗? there wont be any trouble.(修饰不行数名词) 没有任何费事。 2. 用于条件状语从句 if there is any trouble, let me know. 假如有什么费事，要让我知道。 3. any 用于确定句时，通常要重读，修饰单数可数名词和不行数名词。 any time you want me, just send for me. 什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。 come any day you like. 只要你喜爱，随时可以来。 初中英语语法：动词不定式 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分

4、，但它到底是动词，所以有动词的属性。 动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有外表上的挺直主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作肯定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 规律主语，其形式如下： (1)语态 假如动词不定式的规律主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如： its a great honour to be invited to marys birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请) it was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式

5、作主语) i wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语) can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语) he went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语) 在there be构造中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：there are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：there is nothing to do

6、now.( we have nothing to do now.) there is nothing to be done now.(we can do nothing now.) (2)时态 1) 如今时：一般如今时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 he seems to know this. i hope to see you again. = i hope that ill see you again.我盼望再见到你。 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 im sorry to have given you so much

7、trouble. he seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进展时：表示动作正在进展，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 he seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进展时： she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 一般在心情后加to do to do 也表将来 编辑本段疑问词+不定式构造疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如： when to l

8、eave for london has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语) mr. smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语) i asked professor xu how to learn english well. (不定式在句子中做挺直宾语) the question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语) 以上例句中疑问词+不定式局部，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：when we shall leavehow

9、i could learn 常常在这种构造中用法的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。 编辑本段语法功能一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： to get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于以下句式中。如： it+be+名词+to do its our duty to

10、 take good care of the old. it takes sb+some time+to do how long did it take you to finish the work? it+be+形容词+for sb+to do it is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h it is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says. it seems(appears)+形容词+to do

11、it seemed impossible to save money. 在句型中，常用表示客观状况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批判的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其规律主语。这一句式有时相当于sb is+形容词+to do句式 ，如：its kind of you to help me with my english.=you ar

12、e kind to helpme with my english. (3)举例 (1) its easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太简单了 easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better; the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真兴奋。 its necessary for you to lo

13、ck the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 (2) its very kind of him to help us.他关心我们，他真好。 kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的) 例句: it was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然信任了他。 it seemed selfish of him not to give them an

14、ything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 留意：(1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 (2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 (3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用it is to的句型 (对)to see is to believe.眼见为实。 (错)it is to believe to see. 初中英语语法：动词不规章改变 a. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全一样. cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit shut-s

15、hut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read 读音 /e/ lie-lied-lied 说谎 lay-laid-laid 放置，下蛋 lay- lain 躺下，位于，平放 b. 过去式与过去分词完全一样 1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是 :t bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach - taught -taught 2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。 get-got-got sell

16、-sold-sold tell-told-told 3. 动词原形中i为a, sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat 4. 动词原形中i为o, win-won-won shine-shone/ shined-shone / shined 5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood 6. 动词原形中的ay为ai, say-said-said pay-paid-paid 7. a)动词原形中的d为t, send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent

17、build-built-built b ) 动词原形最终一个字母改为t , smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lost c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant 读/e/ d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/ feel-felt-felt sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept keep- kept- kept 其它meet-met-met have-had-had hold-held-held make-made-made dig-d

18、ug-dug hear-heard-heard find-found-found hang-hung -hung c.原型与过去分词一样 come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become d. 原形，过去式， 和 过去分词完全不同 1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词. begin - began -begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung 2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词. blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw - threw - thrown fly -flew /flu:/ -flown ( 和以上相像) 3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类. a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词. drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written (双写t ) ride-r