高二英语gettingalongwithothers课件1

1、 Unit 1 Getting along with others Grammar and usage To-infinitive and Verb-ing form as a noun Part 1 To-infinitive 1.to do as a subject The cat said, “To take roller coaster is terrible ”. 不定式短语作主语时不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首可以直接放在句首,但在但在 很多情况下很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往往往 放在谓语之后放在谓语之后,而用先行代词而用先行代词it作形

2、式主语。作形式主语。 The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster! 不定式作主语常见句型不定式作主语常见句型: a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式不定式 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式不定式 c) I

3、t takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式不定式 It requires patience to be a good teacher. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of Nanjing No.3 Middle School. 2.to do as a predictive Our most important task now is to make a plan. 当句子的主语是当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, q

4、uestion, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是等或者主语是what引导的名词性从引导的名词性从 句句时时,后面可以用不定式做表语后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语用以说明主语 所包含内容。所包含内容。 注注:作表语的不定式都带作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有但当主语部分有 实义动词实义动词do时时,to可以省略可以省略。 Now the only thing we can do is wait. 3.to do as an object The cat said “Remember not to take it nex

5、t time!” (Tips:不定式否定为不定式否定为not to) a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,如如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish 2005年天津卷年天津卷12题题:I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A

6、. to sound B. to be sounded B. C. sounding D. to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将往往将 不定式放到宾补后不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词而用先行代词it 作形式宾语作形式宾语,常用动词有常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。等。 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster. b) 只有少数介词如只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不等后面可以跟不 定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语

7、的不定式定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式 都带都带to,但但如果如果but或或except所在句子里的谓语所在句子里的谓语 动词含有动词含有do, does, did时时,通常省略通常省略to。 We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait. 4. to do as an object complement You should get them to help you . (They will help you.) They believed him to be honest. (He was honest

8、.) (常用谓语动词有常用谓语动词有: get,ask,force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want,like ,expect,advise , beg等等。) 但在谓语动词但在谓语动词believe, find , think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove 等后等后 面面 跟跟to be作宾补作宾补,不跟不跟to do The boss made her work long hours. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 She 主语主语 was made 谓语谓语 to work 主补主

9、补 long hours (by her boss). 2005全国卷全国卷(I)No.18 While watching television, _. A. The doorbell rang B. The doorbell rings C. We heard the doorbell ring D. We heard the doorbell rings 2005福建卷福建卷No.23 If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message. A. have B. get C. ask D.tell T

10、ips:有些动词后面须接有些动词后面须接不带不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语的不定式做宾语补足语,常用的动词有常用的动词有: make,let,have,see; hear,watch,notice,fe el; look at, listen to; help, observe 等等, 但是句子变成被动语态后但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式不定式 成为句子的主语补足语成为句子的主语补足语,需带需带to. I would rather _ (go) swimming. You had better _ (tidy) your bedroom. Why not _ (visit) your cou

11、sin in Japan? go tidy visit Tips:有些句型后面须接有些句型后面须接不带不带to的不定式。的不定式。 She told me _(be) cheerful and _(look) on the bright side. We had nothing _(do) but _(watch) TV. to be loo k to dowatc h Tips: 当两个不定式当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than 或或rather than连接起来时连接起来时,第二个不定式第二个不定式符号符号 省略。省略。 5. to do as an attri

12、butive 能带不定式作宾语的动词能带不定式作宾语的动词,其同源名词可以其同源名词可以 带不定式作定语。常见的有带不定式作定语。常见的有 attempt, decision, promise, plan等等 H e h a s n o t k e p t h i s p r o m i s e _(write) to his parents regularly. 不定式可以在句子充当后置定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。修饰名词。 以下几类情况常用不定式作定语以下几类情况常用不定式作定语: She made a decision _(go)abroad for a year. to

13、 write to go 常与不定式搭配的形容词常与不定式搭配的形容词,其其 同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。 常见的有常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等等 His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear. 序数词序数词,形容词最高级或被形容词最高级或被only, last, next等等 修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。 She was the only person to survive after the ear

14、thquake. Tips: 不定式在作定语时不定式在作定语时,有时与被修饰的名词有时与被修饰的名词 有意义上的有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系,如如 果该不定式是不及物动词果该不定式是不及物动词,它后面需要加上适当它后面需要加上适当 介词介词。 Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主谓关系主谓关系) I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位同位 关系关系) She

15、has a meeting to attend. （=attend a meeting) Theres nothing to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(动宾关系动宾关系) 6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作状语不定式可以作状语, 表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。 so as to (不能放句首不能放句首), to, in order to作目的状语作目的状语 2005年辽宁卷年辽宁卷22题题:All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time

16、 for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive B. C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 在在soas to, suchas to, only to 结构中不定式作结构中不定式作 结果状语结果状语,其中其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。用于表示意想不到的结果。 He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. A. to find B. finding C. found D

17、. to have found enough to, tooto结构结构 The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school. 形容词（形容词（glad, happy , lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）等）+ 不定式结构作原因不定式结构作原因状语状语 Im glad to meet you. 7. 作插入语作插入语,用来说明说话人的用来说明说话人的 态度、看法

18、、对整个句子进行解释态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释, 如如to be frank（坦白地说）（坦白地说）,to be sure（确实）（确实） 等。等。 To tell you the truth, I hate you. 8. 作同位语作同位语 The order to start the general attack soon came. 不定式复合结构不定式复合结构:以以it为形式主语或形式宾语引为形式主语或形式宾语引 导的复合结构导的复合结构,如前面的形容词指行为的性质如前面的形容词指行为的性质 就用就用:for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中这种复合结构在句中 可作主

19、、表、宾、定、状等。可作主、表、宾、定、状等。 It is necessary for us to go there.(主语主语) There is no need for him to leave.(定语定语) My suggestion is for you to do the job.(表表 语语) 如果该形容词是指行为的性质如果该形容词是指行为的性质,同时又指行同时又指行 为的人为的人,则用则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中。这种句式中 的常用形容词有的常用形容词有:right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise

20、, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。等。 Its very kind of you to come to see me. It was foolish of him to believe her. I think it wise of her not to accept their offer. Tips:连接代（副）词连接代（副）词+不定式不定式（包括包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, （不包括不包括why/if）,在句中起名词作用在句中起名词作用,通

21、常跟在通常跟在 tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作主、宾或表语。等动词后作主、宾或表语。 No one can tell me where to find John. When to the exam is still unknown. The problem is how to get enough money. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式:to be + V-ing, 用来表示用来表示 谓语动词动作发生时谓语动词动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。不定式的动

22、作正在进行。 Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in. 不定式完成式不定式完成式:to have + V-ed 构成构成,用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 2005年江苏卷年江苏卷No.25 - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. t

23、o have been D. to be left 2006年四川卷年四川卷No.26 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动语态。不定式要用被动语态。 不定式的被动式分为一般式

24、被动不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed和和 完成式被动完成式被动to have been V-ed The question is difficult to answer. =The question is difficult for me to answer. =It is difficult for me to answer the question. He is hard to get along with. =It is hard to get along with him. 表语表语 主语主语 宾语宾语 不定式 宾语补足语宾语补足语 定语定语 状语状语 Homework

25、: P.9 Fill in the blankets, using to- infinitives. P.92 C1 Answer the questions using to-infinitives. Part 2 Verb-ing form as a noun 1.动名词的句法功能动名词的句法功能:动名词由动词加动名词由动词加ing构构 成成,与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要 起名词作用起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾在句中担任主语、表语、宾 语和定语。语和定语。 作主语作主语,可以直接放在句首可以直接放在句首,也可以用先也可以用先 行代词行代词it作为

26、形式主语作为形式主语,而把动名词后置。而把动名词后置。 Seeing is believing. (眼见为实眼见为实) Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时单个动名词短语作主语时,动词用单数动词用单数) 动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法: It is no use (good) + 动名词动名词:做某事没用做某事没用(不不 好好) Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收覆水难收) Its no good spitting in public. There is

27、 no + 动名词动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.) There is no knowing what may happen. （未来的事无法知道）（未来的事无法知道） 作表语作表语:通常是说明主语的内容通常是说明主语的内容,注意它与注意它与 谓语动词进行时的区别谓语动词进行时的区别 His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为此句为SVC结构结构) 可改为可改为:Collecting stamps is his hobby. Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时是

28、谓语动词进行时,此句为此句为SVO结结 构构) 不能改为不能改为:Collecting stamps is he. 2005年上海卷年上海卷No.32 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 2006年北京卷年北京卷No.35. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ ta

29、lking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. To work; to stop 作宾语作宾语 A.作及物动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语 (stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss) 2006年江苏卷年江苏卷N0.32 -The

30、re is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. -My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been Tips:有些动词（有些动词（ continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start,love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语）后面既可以接不定式作宾语,也也 可以接动名词作宾语可以接动名词作宾语,意义差别不大。通常认为意义差别不大。通常认为 用动名词泛指一般的倾向性用动名词泛指

31、一般的倾向性,用不定式则表示特用不定式则表示特 定或具体某一种动作。定或具体某一种动作。 I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven. I prefer driving to riding. 有些动词有些动词,如如forget, remember, regret等等,后面接动后面接动 名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作,不定式表示的动不定式表示的动 作后于谓语动词。作后于谓语动词。 2005年北京卷年北京卷No.30 When

32、 asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave 在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语: 动词动词+it（形式宾语）（形式宾语）+宾补宾补+动名词（真正宾语）动名词（真正宾语） B. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 2005年浙江卷年浙江卷No.3 The president spoke at the busines

33、s meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A.bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on be used to doing 习惯于做习惯于做;look forward to doing 盼望做盼望做;devote ones life to doing 致力于致力于 做做;spend time (in) doing 花时间做花时间做;be fond of doing 喜爱做喜爱做;be good at doing 擅长做擅长做;be proud of doing 为做为做

34、而自豪而自豪;be tired of doing 对做对做 感到厌倦感到厌倦;feel like doing 欲想做欲想做; go on doing 继续做（原来的事）继续做（原来的事）; keep on doing 不停地做不停地做;what about doing 做做怎怎 么样么样;think of doing 考虑做考虑做;be interested in doing 对做对做感兴趣感兴趣;have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难做某事有困难;be busy (in) doing 忙于忙于 做做;instead of doing 做做而不做而不做 2005年江苏卷年江苏卷No.23 Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up 作定语作定语 动名词可作前置定语动名词可作前置定语,表示所修饰的词的用表示所修饰的词的用 途或目的途或目的,可用可用for改写改写;而现在分词作定语而现在分词作定语 时时,可用定语从句改写。可用定语从句改写。 swimmi