14复合句-冲刺2020年中考英语小题精练解析版

1、14复合句-冲刺2021年中考英语小题精练序号内容第一局部语法讲解第二局部一、两年年真题、新题精练二、强化与稳固练习三、18年各地真题第一局部：语法讲解并列复合句一、根本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有 时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。二、常见的并列句：1、 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only but also ，neither等,amch所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系，假设第一个分句是祈使句那么第二个分句用将来时。2、 表示在两者之间选择一个，

2、常用的连接词有 or,otherwise,or else,either等，前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系，假设第一个分句是祈使句，那么第二个分句用将来时。3、 说明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折，常用的连接词有 but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。4、说明原因，用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。5、表示结果，用连接词so,前后分句时态一致。主从复合句一、概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。女口： While the gr

3、andparents love the children, they are strict with them.爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子，同时对他们也严格要求。1It seemed as if the meeting would never end.看起来会议没完没了。Hurry up, or else youll be late.快点,要不然就来不及了。However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。二、分类：参见以下各从句按其在复合句中的作用，分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语

4、从句等。条三、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法：1、 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句，它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如： That is why he did not come to school yesterday.It is because you are so clever.2、宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 根本形式：主句+ 连词+从句主语+从句谓语+. 关于宾语从句连词的选择：假设从句来源于一个陈述句，那么，连词用that,在口语中that可以省略；假设从句来源于一个一般疑问句，连词那么用if或whether;假设从句来源于一个特殊疑问句，那么连词就是疑问词如what

5、,who,where,when等例如： They believe that the computer will fin ally take the place of huma n bein gs.他们相信计算机终将代替人类。从句本来就是陈述句I won der whether I should say someth ing for him to the headmaster.我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。从句来源于一般问句 Shall I say somethi ng for him to the headmaster?He asked me where he could get s

6、uch medici ne.他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。从句来源于特殊问句 Where can he get such medici ne?3宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时，从句那么用现在某一时态，甚至可以用过去时;如主句是过去时，从句那么相应地使用过去某一时态，遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I thi nk I will do better in En glish this term. 我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。34以下结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待

7、：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that 从句,如：I m sorry m late对不起，我迟到了。I m afraihe isn t in at the momei恐怕他此刻不在家。3、状语从句：在复合句中作状语，其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比拟、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由附属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till until,while, whenever等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句

8、尾，特别注意，时间状语从句不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out toplay with Sam.你完成工作就可以出去和Jim 一起玩了。/ I won t leaveil Mum comesback.妈妈回来了我才会走。地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from!哪里来还滚到哪里去！I will n ever forget to catch the thief who stole my n ecklace wherever he may

9、be.我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼，无论他会在哪里。原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导，一般放在句首或句尾。女口： He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.他出国了，因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。目的状语从句通常由so that., so.hat., in order that.等引导，往往放在句尾，从句中通常含有 can / could / may / might等情态动词。女口： He got up earlier so that he could cat

10、ch the first train.他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。结果状语从句通常由so that., so.that.等引导，放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情，故多为过去时态。女口： He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.他丢了那么多辆自行车，他决定再也不买新车了。比拟状语从句通常由as, than, as so.as等引导，一般省略从句的谓语局部，只剩下名词或代词用主格或宾格均可。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. Jane 比我高多了。I don t have

11、as many booOs you (do).(我书没有你多 )让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever 等弓丨导。如:Even if you pay the debt(债务)for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.( 即使你替我 还了债我也不会感谢你，因为它与我毫无关系。He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold.他穿了一件 T 恤衫，尽管天很冷。条件状语从句

12、通常由if, unless, as long as等引导，条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾，特别注意，时间状语从句不允许使用将来时，而应该用现在时替代。You will certa inly fail in the coming final exams unl ess you work much harder.即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格，除非你更用功。If it doesn t rain tomowosvshall go hiking.如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。注意1、because与so； although与but ； if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。2、时间、条件、原因

13、，让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。4、定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。 语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词，其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。3关系代词或关系副词的作用：关系代词who、whom和whose指人，分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物

14、，有时也指人，它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief that/who/whom we have been looking for these days这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。Please find a room which is big en ough for all of us to live in请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。关系副词when或where引导定语从句时，它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。女口： This is the room where they had a quarrel a week

15、 ago.这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。I can n ever forget the day whe n I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略，否那么主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，这种从句是一种附加说明，如果从句子中省去，也不致于影响主句的意思。女口： She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. 她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书，我们一个人都

16、没有听说过那本书。注解1、 关系代词只能用that的情况：领先行词是指事物的不定代词all, anything等,或先行词局部含有最高级 或含有序数词时，不能用其他的关系代词，只能用that.如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. Lily 告诉我的话似乎不真实。Can you give me anything that has no sugar in side?能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。2、 关系代词在从句中作主

17、语时一般用who指人卜that指物,而不用that指人或用which指物。女口： Do you know the woma n who is weep ing in the corner?你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.跟我无关的话，请一个字也不要说。3、 关系代词作从句的宾语时，常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且，关系代词 常常省略。女口： Tom s father was the first pare nt whom our teacher talked

18、to.Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。4、 当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时，那么又可以使用that或who.女口： This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.(=This is the room Miss Li once lived in.)-(这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)7问连词引导。一般情况下，常用it替代主语从句，而将主语从句移到句尾。如：When we should start is still aquestio n.我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。直接引语和间接引语初中不作特别要求一

19、、直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中，直接引用说话人原来的语句，称为直接引语。在书写时，直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容，称为间接引语。二、直接引语改变为间接引语：1、 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时应注意以下各点： 不用引号，而用连接词that，但有时可省略。 人称作相应变化； 主句里的动词如果是过去时，间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变：一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变 成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用，那么时态不变。女口： He says，l am not from

20、the USA . -He says that he is not from the USA.Mr Smith said to his girl friend,I have n t see n you for a long time.Mr Smith said to his girl frie nd that he had not see n her for a long time.2、 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用附属连接词 whether或if引导，词序要改变。女口： Lin Tao said to Miss Green, Is it made in China? n T

21、ao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.3、 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用疑问词引导，词序是：连词+主语+谓语。女口： Lucy said to me, How can I help? ucy asked me how she could help.4、 直接引语如是祈使句，变间接引语时，须将祈使句变为动词不定式，并在动词不定式前用tell,ask, order.女口： He said to the little boy, Come here, young man! He asked the little boy to go t

22、here.5、 直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化：rh _ rheseHOMogo todaythis yveekfmQnth.etc.) next wek ( etc./ vesterdav/hFtQniQrroxvhere在间接引语中that those then before that Hav that week ( month, etc J the net week f nionth, etc.) the dav beforeih总 next (fbHoMing/ day there倒装句：谓语的一局部或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。一、T

23、HERE BE句型以及以 here、there开头的句子。如：There are a lot of children in the showroom.在展览室里有许多的小孩。Here comes the bus.公交车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。The door opened and in came Mr Lee.门开了，李先生走了进来。二、用So / Nor / Neither +助动词+主语倒装结构表示第二个人物的情况与上文的人物 情况相同。如：Tom went to the beach last week, and, so_did丄Tom 上个星期去了海滩，我

24、也是。Li Mei s bought nothing from the shopJeither has Jim.李梅没有在店里买什么,Jim也没有买。三、 在疑问句中，通常使用在主语之前安放助动词的倒装方法，对主语提问除外。如：How did_he_find_the lost book?他是怎么样找到丧失的书的？Where are they going to spe nd the summer vacatio n?他们打算至 U哪儿过暑假？四、感慨句中通常将被感慨的局部前移，而将句子的主谓语整体后置。如：What a beautiful flower it is!那是多漂亮的花！11五、有引号

25、引用某人的原话时，引号外面的主谓一般采用倒装形式放在句尾，但是，假设主语是代词那么不倒装。如:“ What on earth are you doing up there? said the father.父亲说：你在上边到底干什么？“ What o n earth are you doi ng up there?he said.他说：你在上边到底干什么？附加注释die、dead、death的用法：die是动词，可以独立做谓语，有各种时态变化，也可以变成非谓语形 式作句子的其他成分；dead是形容词，作句子的定语、表语或宾语补足语；death是名词，作句子的主语、宾语等。如： I m goin

26、g tdie!我要死了！ / The man has been dead for about three mon ths.那个人死了三个月左右。/ He is worried to death.他急得要死。第二局部：中考英语语法之一一复合句专项训练一、两年真题、新题精练1. 2021 广东Not all childrenwatch this video will become a scientist, but some may becomein terested in scie nee.A. Whom B. which C. who D. whose2. 2021 重庆 B 卷一Excuse

27、me，could you tell me ？Sure. Bus No. 4 will take you right there.A. how can I get to the zooB. how I can get to the zooC. whe n can I get to the zooD. whe n I can get to the zoo3. 2021 淮安The charities have helped more children with the moneypeople raise.A. who B. what C. where D. which4. 2021 盐城一Do y

28、ou knowGrandma is going to visit us?Next Saturday. She told me on the pho ne.A. where B. why C. whe n D. whether5. 2021 河南改编一Do you know the boy over there?The oneis holding a ball? Oh，that s mryPtieighb#A. what B. which C. who D. whose6. 2021 成都改编 You are not supposed to enter the teachers office y

29、ou are allowed to.A. uni essB. if C. whe n D. though7. 2021 合肥 50 中九年级二次质量检测Only those have the patienee to do simple thingsperfectly ever get the skill to do difficult things easily.A. who B. whom C. which D. what8. 2021 亳州市一模On the In ternet, you can find the in formatio n of Ma Yun can help youfi

30、nish the paper.A. who B. what C. whe nD. which9. 2021 合肥 50 中九年级二次质量检测一Daniel, I m still not sureWhy not? No one is better than you in our class.A. how I can prepare for the competiti onB. whether I should take part in the competitionC. who I can ask for more in formati on about the competiti onD. w

31、he n I can en ter the competiti on10. 2021 合肥 45 中三模一Could you tell meyou came here?Yes. To get back my dictio nary.A. why B. what C. where D. whe n11. 2021 安徽黑白卷 一Excuse me. Do you knowthe station to Wuhu is?Well, go along this street and tur n right.The n you will see it.A. whether B. which C. whe

32、re D. whe n12. 2021 安徽定心卷 I wonderedhe would go abroad for further study next year.He said he would go.A. whether B. that C. why D. whe n13. 2021 新题I want to knowhe is our new English teacher.A. if B. that C. whe nD. who14. 2021 新题Do you rememberyou had for breakfast?Fried eggs and a large cup of co

33、ffee with a lot of milk and sugar.A. that B. which C. what D. whether15. 2021 新题Everything you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wiselyand lear n well.A. what B. whe nC. which D. that16. 2021 新题the dinner was all over, every one helped wash the dishes.A. If B. When C. Before D .

34、Un less17. 2021 新题 Whatever we do, we should try our best to do it wellwe are not sure whether wewill be successful.A. though B. while C. unl essD. whe n18. 2021 新题There are many kinds of bikes. She can t decideshe will buy.A. where B. which C. how D. why19. 2021 新题Drink a glass of milkyou go to bed

35、, and you will have a good sleep.A. unl essB. afterC. un tilD. before20. 2021 新题Do you like the talk show The Readers on CCTV?Sure. It s a great TV programcan help develop the habit of reading.A. who B. that C. what D. whose两年真题、新题参考答案I. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. AII. C12. A13. A

36、14. C15. D16. B 17. A18. B19. D20. B二、强化与稳固练习1. -Which of these two books will you take?T ll take. need them to kill time on my journey.A. either B. none C. all D. both2. They will lose the gamethey try their best.A. unl ess B. whe n C. since D. after3. -How was your school trip?-It was great, the w

37、eather was much too hot.A. and B. but C. so D. becauset know whe n back. He said he would call me whe n he home.A. will come; gets B. came; gotC. would come; got D. came; would get5. .-Is the girlis interviewing the headmaster your friend?-Yes, she is my best friend.A. whom B. which C. who6. Nancy q

38、uicklythe door and put down her school things.A. opens B. openedC. has ope ned D. is ope ning7. Some people don t like living in noisy cities, so they move.A. i nteresti ng somewhere B. somewhere quietC. warm any where D. any where beautiful8. -Can you tell me?-Of course. Japa n.A what s his job B w

39、here does he come fromC where he is from D what Ian guage he speaks9. Carme n knew Mr Smithgave a talk several mon ths ago.A. why B. what C. who D. which10. Your gran dpare nts were very great.Yes. They supported my father s schoolingthey were very poor.A. as if B. even though C. so that D. what if1

40、1. Do you know?It s about ten minutes walk.A. how many minu tes do you walk to the n earest hospitalB. which is the way to the n earest hospitalC. how long did you reach the n earest hospitalD. how far it is to the n earest hospital from here12. -Have you found the information about famous people yo

41、u can use for the report?-Not yet. Ill search some on li ne.A. which B. who C. what D. whom13. s your mother ?A nu rse. She works in a hospital.A. Which B. What C. How D. Where14. Barack Obama is the US preside ntalways makes really excit ing speeches.A. who B. whose C. which15. She doesn t tell meA

42、. which room she livedB. which room she lived inC. which room does she live16. If I you, I d keep quiet and listen carefully in class.A. am B. will be C. were17. - I didn t know-Neither did I.A. what was happe ned to him B. what the matter was with himC. what was wrong with him D. where was the Hist

43、ory Museum18. I hope to make decisi ons by myself.OK. But rememberyou do, you should thi nk about the results.A. Whenever B. However C. Whatever D. Wherever19. -The girlyou talked with at the school gate is our new En glish teacher.A. those B. which C. whom D. what20. Health experts believe that eve

44、n a little exercise is better thanat all.A. none B. little C. no one D. few强化与稳固练习题答案解析：1 . D【解析】17这题考查疑问句做宾语从句的用法，宾语从句要变成陈述句语序，在根据答语:Japan,说明是问从哪里来一本？一一两本我都要。我用来在路上打发时间。结合语境可知选D。2. A【解析】试题分析：句意：除非他们尽他们的最大努力，否那么他们将会丢掉这场比赛。unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句；when当时候，弓I导时间状语从句；since自从，引导时间状语从句；after在之后，引导时间状语从句。根据句

45、意可知选A。3. B【解析】试题分析：句意：-你学校旅游怎么样啊？-好极了，但是天气太热了。and表示承接，but但是，表转折，so所以，because因为。根据题意，应选 B。4. C【解析】试题分析：句意为：我不知道他什么时候回来。他说他到家就会打 给我。根据语境，前句是宾语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用表示过去的某种时态；后句是带有时间状语从句的宾语从句，从句中主句用过去将来时，从句应用一般过去时。结合选项可知应选C。5. C【解析】试题分析：whom谁，宾格。which哪一个，代替物。who谁，主格。本句中的定语从句要修饰先行词 the girl , 并且连接词要在句中作主语， 句意

46、：正在采访校长的女孩是你的朋友吗？是的， 她是我最好的朋友。 应选Co6. B【解析】试题分析：句意： Nancy快速地翻开门，然后放下学习用品。句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词，表示两个接连发生的动做。put down用的是一般过去式，所以前面也用动词的一般过去式，应选B。7. B【解析】试题分析：句意：一些人不喜欢居住在吵闹的城市里，因此他们搬到了安静的地方。分析：考查形容词疑问副词的用法，形容词要位于其后面。应选B8. C的。选C。9. C【解析】此题考查的定语从句的相关知识，因其先行词是Mr Smith，故其引导词应用 who或that。10. B【解析】试题分析：句意：一一你的祖父母

47、是非常伟大的。一一是的。尽管他们很穷，他们支持我父亲上学。A. as if仿佛，好似；B. even though尽管，即使；C. so that以便于；D. what if倘假设，假使；结合句意，前半句表 示支持上学，后半句表示家里穷，前后表示让步关系，故用连词even though。应选B。11. D【解析】此题考查特殊疑问句作宾语从句的语序。此题答复语的含义为步行大约需要10分钟的路程，对此提问应该用多远的疑问短语 how far,后跟句子的陈述顺序。而 how many对于数量提问，which对于事物类 别提问，how long对时间长度提问，后三者的意思与此题不符，同时ABC选项的顺

48、序也不正确，故此题选D。12. A【解析】试题分析：句意：-你已经找到一些，能用到你的这篇报告中的名人的信息了吗？-还没有。我将要用网络收集一些。分析：考查定语从句：先行词为in formation信息，先行词在从句中做 use 用的宾语，先行词是事物并且在从句做宾语，因此用 which引导。应选 A13. B【解析】试题分析：句意：你妈妈是干什么的？护士，她在医院工作。对职业的提问用疑问词 what； A哪一个；C怎么样；D哪里。结合语境应选 B。14. A【解析】试题分析：A. who谁，引导从句代替人，B. whose谁的，C. which哪一个，弓I导从句代替物。句意：奥巴马是一位总是

49、能做出令人兴奋的演讲的美国总统。本句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the US preside nt,并且who要在从句中作主语。应选 A。15. B19【解析】 试题分析：句意为：她没有告诉我她住在哪个房间。在宾语从句中，应用陈述句的语序。疑问词在句中充当宾语成分，由于live是不及物动词，应用介词接宾语。故应选 B。16. C【解析】试题分析：与现在事实相反：条件从句用动词过去式，主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形；与过去事实相反：条件从句用had done,主句用 would/could/should/might+have done ;与将来事实相反：条件

50、从句用动词过去式/should+动词原形/were to do,主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形。句意：如果我是你, 我上课就会保持安静，认真听课。应选C。17. C【解析】试题分析：句意：-不知道他怎么了？-我也不知道。疑问词引导的宾语从要用陈述语序，且时态要保持一致，应选C.18. C【解析】试题分析： Whenever无论什么时候；However无论怎样； Whatever无论什么； Wherever不管哪儿。句意：我希望能自己做决定。一一好吧！记住无论你做什么，你都应该考虑后果。结合语境可知选Co19. C【解析】试题分析：句意：在学校大门口和你说话的那

51、个女孩是我们的新英语老师。在定语从句中如果先行词是人那么我们用who来引导，应选 C.20. A【解析】试题分析：句意：健康专家说甚至是一些运动也要比没有运动好。none个也没有；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；no one没有人；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据题意，应选A。三、18年各地真题 命题点一宾语从句3. 语序4.三者混合1.弓I导词2.时态引导词1. 2021 天津一Could you tell meyoull go to Paris?Next mon th.A. why B. where C. when D. how2. 2021 南京Are you going cam

52、p ing this after noon?A typho on is coming. Im n ot surethe road to the mountains will be closed.A. which B. what C. whether D. why3. 2021 安徽Look at the stone bridge! Do you knowit was built?In the 1860s. It is quite old.A. whe n B. how C. where D. why4. 2021 曲靖Whe n you set out on your new journ ey

53、, you should nt forgetyou came from.A. where B. what C. when D. if5. 2021 绥化I dont knowhe will come or not this afternoon.A. if B. when C. whether引导词、语序与时态混合6. 2021 北京一Can you tell me？He lives in Shan ghai.A. where Mark livesB. where does Mark liveC. where Mark livedD. where did Mark live7. 2021 重庆

54、A 卷一Do you know ?Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.A. why did they move hereB. why they moved hereC. whe n did they move hereD. whe n they moved here8. 2021 河北Im planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still cant decideA. where rm goingB. how rm goingC. why rm pla nningD. whe n rm pla nning9. 2021 河南一What did Tom say to you just now, John?He asked.A. why I am so happy todayB. what will I do for the weeke ndC. who did I play football with after schoolD. if I could go to the movie with him toni ght10. 2021 广东一I wonder.It will fall on a Saturday.A. how will Nati onal Day fall on t