考博英语范文35篇(可编辑)

1、考博英语范文35篇 考博英语范文35篇博士生入学英语考试协作部分试题说明根据教育部1992年颁布的研究生英语教学大纲以下简称大纲大纲的要求非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平大纲中对硕士生的写作要求是掌握基本写作技能如文章结构段落展开和起承转合等能按具体要求在一小时内写出250词左右的短文正确表达思想语意连贯无重大语言错误第一部分 写作文的要求评分标准及考试中普遍存在的问题 一 考试要求 1文章内容切题审题准确不跑题2表达清楚语言简洁准确说理清楚读者能从作文内容清楚理解作者写作意图3意义连贯 文字连贯层次分明意义表达完整要使文章意义连贯必须具有一定的技能包括较强的

2、语感遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力 4语言规范符合英语表达的习惯语法错误较少语言基本功扎实最终避免中式英语 二 作文的评分标准及样卷介绍 14 分 内容符合要求 包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容语言流畅层次分明句式有变化词汇丰富句子结构和用词准确文章长度符合要求 11分内容符合要求包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容文字连贯句式有一定变化句子结构和用词无重大错误文章长度符合要求 8分内容符合要求包括了标题或提纲中多数内容基本清楚表达的主题的内涵句子结构和用词有少量错误个别是大错文章长度符合要求 5 分 内容基本切题基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容文字连贯语言可以理解但有较多的结构和用词错误且大错较多文章

3、长度基本符合要求 2 分 基本切题但语句支离破碎只有少数句子可以理解 0 分 文不切题只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来或语句混乱无法理解附14 分样卷topic with her entry into wto china is being plunged into an international competition for talents and in particular for higher- level talents to face this new challenge china must do something among other things to reform her

4、 graduate postgraduate education system state your opinion aobut this reform and give the solid supporting details to your viewpointwith chinas entry into wto she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspects as far as talents are concerned china is being plunged into an international co

5、mpetition for talents especially for higher-level talents in order to adapt this new challenge china must do something among other things to reform her graduate education system in my opinion we must make some reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows first of all

6、 from the view of the government it must adjust its policy of using talents especially higher-level talents for example it may provide many privileges for themsecondly for the viewpoint of the universities they should adjust their constructure of curriculum they should pay more attention to the cult

7、ivation of graduates capability they should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development finally as far as personnel is concerned a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the

8、needs of society in a word it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system if we do not make some changes in the graduate education system we may be failure in the international competition so we must reform our graduate education system 219 words 点评 该文紧扣主题结构严谨内容充实语言流畅句式变化多样虽有个别小错但英语表

9、达能力较强长度符合要求 万能框架 as is implied in the table or cartoon and well known to all of us take in the table cartoon for example itsfor thetobut when on the other hand there do exist somethatthey are making all possible means toand trying their best to compared with what those its a pity thatand whats more

10、with the deepening and furthering of our countrys opening and reforming moreare allowed to with china entering the wto are also permitted to if still blind to this the is sure to so its urgent and essential for to analyze more rationally and macroscopically it must keep in mind that should never be

11、unheard although the condition is unsatisfactory now with the awareness of the in the table or cartoon and all the society efforts improvement and an even brighter future are not only possible but also inevitable 三 历年考试中存在的典型问题分析不会审题偏离主题汉语思维逐字翻译常见考生用汉语构思文章同时将汉语句子硬译成英语用词搭配不当词汇量小表达困难拼写错误句法逻辑关系混乱例如our

12、english class often told stories正确的应是stories are often told on our english class 6不会用关联词转承上下句和段落关联词即过渡词使用过渡词可使上下句子和段落合理衔接承上启下使表达合乎逻辑常见过渡词如as far as however well though in spite of 语法错误 主要表现为分不清及物与不及物动词例如rise raise hear listen被动语态和主动语态的误用例如 interesting和 interested词类混淆将动词或形容词误用作名词将名词或动词误用作形容词例如benefit

13、 和beneficial difficult和 difficulty pleasure 和pleased等混淆可数名词和不可数名词例如 helppractice等冠词情态动词介词代词等方面的错误例如 a english book should did must done 等四如何写出漂亮的文章 文章要内容切题表达清楚意思连贯语言比较规范这就要求考生在写作时把握如下方面统一性unity内容切题实际上就是要求文章统一性所谓统一性就是指短文必须围绕着主题扩展不能多中心统一性表现在句子段落和篇章三个层次上我们写汉语文章的要求是首先不能跑题实际上就是对统一性的要求连贯性 coherence 指句子与句子

14、之间段落与段落之间的衔接要自然通畅主要体现在文章的逻辑发展顺序和过渡词语的运用上逻辑顺序按照时间先后或空间位置的相互关系我们可以写出眉目清晰符合逻辑的段落或文章叙述文体多采用时间顺序描写文体中空间顺序更常见高潮形成系指按照其重要性或严重性安排各个发展点指段落或发展段指文章的顺序这种语篇发展方法在描写叙述说明和议论文中均常出现英语语篇的逻辑顺序安排一般是先谈最次要的内容继而谈较为重要的内容最后再谈最重要的内容从而形成文章高潮过渡词语的运用 语篇的外在连贯手段有时单靠逻辑上的连贯对英语语篇来说是很不够的因而过渡词语的运用必不可少汉语的连贯属于意合英语的连贯属形合而借助过渡词语取得语篇的连贯是形合法

15、最突出的特点所以在英语文章内诸如等过渡词语特别多它们的运用挑明了句子与句子之间段落与段落之间的关系使文章更加显得连贯由于受汉语意合的影响中国学生常忽略过渡词语的运用所以中国学生在进行英语写作时必须对此给以足够的重视语言规范语言的规范涉及面广小至遣词造句大到语篇结构无不体现语言使用的质量根据近年博士生入学英语考试的作文试卷统计许多考生未熟练掌握造句技能甚至不能保证单词拼写正确句子无重大语法错误因此要多读多看英语报刊和原著从中学习语言用法没有仔细阅读过理解过的东西千万不要在作文中使用切忌中国式英语 第二部分 35 篇范文 television program and their effect on

16、 children television programs regularly entertain educate effect and even frighten the majority of our children most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful

17、according to what effect the program might have on a childthe beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young there are often specials on animal life a few regular childrens programs develop the childs interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt and

18、 that encourages him or her to be creative the beneficial commercials such as those on anti-smoking anti-litter and health should be included in this category on the opposite side are the shows which are generally harmful to children many commercials especially those sponsoring the childrens program

19、s are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy all adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a childs mind with confusing or misleading ideas and could possib ly harden the child to violence thoughtful parents

20、 will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs a childs viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs2 how to solve the housing problem in big cities with the development of modern industryu more and more people are flowing into big cities accordingly

21、 the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious people have offered many solutions to this problem i think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical the fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens who suffer from air pol

22、lution noises etc in the overcrowded city with more people leaving the city more space will be available for those remaining the housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved3 the younger generaton knows best old people are always saying that the young are not what they were the same comments i

23、s made from generation to generation and it is always true it has never been truer than ti is today the young are better educated they have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom they grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents they think more for themselves and do not b

24、lindly accept the ideas of their elders events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history this is as it should be every new generation is different from the one preceded it today the difference is very marked indeedthe old always assume thaty they know best for t

25、he simple reason that they have been around a bit longer they dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened and this precisely what the young are doing they are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency they take leave to doubt that the old

26、er generation has created the best of all possible worlds what they reject more than anything is conformity office hours for instance are nothing more than enforced slavery wouldnt people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility and what about clothing who said that all the m

27、en in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts if we turn our minds to more serious matters who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by vi

28、olent means who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desi

29、re to amass more and more material possessions can anything be right with the rat race havent the old lost touch with all that is important in lifethere are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly their record over the past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotless traditionally

30、 the young have turned to their elders for guilance today the situation might reversed the oldif they are prepared to admit it could learn a thing or two from their children one of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not sinful enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all as

31、pects of life it is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions it is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future this emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the

32、bomb the constant threat of complete annihilation this is their glorious heritage can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it 4 public transportation as part of domestic modernization public transportation needs to be developed urgently in c

33、hina i can illustrate some examplesthere does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses underground and railways commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and

34、 more people when spring festival is drawing near there is much greater ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home and travelers need special arrangements to go home in a word public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of chines

35、e economy to solve the above-mentioned problems the departments concerned should carry out the following steps to build more roads highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines but ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public there are three sources fo

36、r fund raising one is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale the third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds if all this money to raise the prices of petrol and dies

37、el oiil in addtion to the governmental funds if all this money collected is used to improve transportation services the situation will be bettered and favorable the third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles for instance the speed of trains can be

38、increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held in this way the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated so in a word we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient tr

39、ains and huses5 human education the other day a professor from peking university gave a lecture chinese intellectuals and written cultural text in his lecture he held that chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the may 4th movement his opinion set us thinking that the loss o

40、f traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education with the rapid development of economy the living standard of the chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth in a period when economics take priority people pay more aned more attention to profit at present m

41、oneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion on the other hand there appears a barren field of spirit in todays society it has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional cultureideological confusion moral decline and a chaotic cultural market all this shows tha

42、t it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation our times call for an ideal humane educationit is unwise to discard traditional chinese culture as a whole some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritua

43、l civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation our attitude towards tradition should be discarding the dross and selecting the essence the humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our marxist education it should start from primary school in this way our children will get educated

44、so as to be possessed of a perfect personality the national morale will be deeply rooted in peoples mind and will help push forward the growth of economy to sum up we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education we should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and

45、 dig out5 more resources form traditional chinese culture6 criticism on television a lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren a few years ago the same criticisms were made of the cinema but although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his proble

46、m there is not much evidence that television brings about teenagers crimes for people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago in those days writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violenc

47、e the evidence collected suggests however that neither the subject nor the action in itself frightens children the context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important a good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which

48、 a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents in each story they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible as a childs paprents should be in real life there is an adult character who is a cow

49、ard and liar but both the children are brave and of course every story ends happily in my view children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible but they cannont help seeing these through news programs when they are being entertained the healthiest atmosphere is one which t

50、he hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation7 the ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more money once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man they were very poor but as they were deeply in love t

51、hey wanted to get married the young peoples parents shook their heads you cant get married yet they said wait till you get a good job with good prospects so the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married they were still poor of course they di

52、dnt have a house to live in or any furniture but that didt matter they young man had a good job with good prospects so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house some furniture all the latest electrical appliances and a car the couple lived happily ever after paying off debts fo

53、r the rest of their lves and so ends another modern romantic fablewe live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive our possessions yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood when we grow old enough to earn a living it does not surpise us to disc

54、over that success is measured in terms of the money you earn we spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors the joneses if we buy a new television set jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one if we buy a new car we can be sure that jones will go one better and get two new cars one

55、 for his wife and one for himself the most amusing thing about this game is that joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided at a suitable rate of interest of course by friendly banks insurance companies etc it is not

56、only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever the wheels of industry must be kept turning bu

57、ilt-in obsolescence provides the means goods are made to be discarded cars get tinnier and tinnier you no sooner acquire this years model than you are thinking about its replacement this materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledg

58、e only for its own sake every course of studies must lead somewhere ie to a bigger wage packet the demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered to them recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder the wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their mo