增分精讲精炼】2014年高考英语语法复习专题巧突破第一部分专项专讲：代词

1、代词的辨析(重点掌握四组比较)一、替代词that(those)，one(ones)和it的区别1(2013四川高考)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.Aone BthisCthat Dit解析：选C考查代词。句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。2(2013天津高考)At our factory there are

2、a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.Athem BtheseCthose Dones解析：选C考查代词。句意：我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指，替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described in this magazine，故不能用表泛指的ones，若选ones，则应在其前加上the。3(2012辽宁高考)If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get

3、 _ for me?Aone BsuchCthis Dthat解析：选A考查代词。句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one用来代替上文提到过的paper，相当于a copy of paper。4(2011北京高考)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase_.Athem BthoseCit Dthat解析：选C考查代词。根据句意“由于地方政府的努力，大城市的就业率在上升” 可知应用it 指代t

4、he employment rate。it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that(those)可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone(ones)指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为onesTo her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.(2013辽宁高考)令黛拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。Studying Wendys m

5、enu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江高考)研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose one based on your own interests.(2011福建高考)我们为你们的假期准备了各种各样的夏令营，你们可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, b

6、ut I dont have enough money to buy it.(2009四川高考)我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子，但是没有足够的钱来买它。二、不定代词all, both, either, any, neither, none的区别1(2013新课标全国卷)Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.Aothers BeitherCanother Dboth解析：选D考查代词。句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么

7、去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not . both，故选D。2(2013山东高考)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much.Aeither BanyCeach Danother解析：选A考查不定代词。句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市，根据转折词but可知，后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”，所以选A。any“任一”，each“每个”，another“另一”，都不符合语境。3(2013陕西高考)Although Rosema

8、ry had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.Asome BneitherCnone Dall解析：选C考查代词。句意：虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病，但是她没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知，此处表示“一点儿也不，一点儿也没有”，所以应用none。都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneither not eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynone not anyall和not连用Larry asks Bill and Pe

9、ter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.(2012全国卷) 拉里让比尔和皮特跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.(2012江西高考)我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。All thats important is that you are doing your

10、best and moving in the right direction.(2010浙江高考)重要的是你正在尽最大努力并且朝正确的方向前进。Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer any of them. (2009陕西高考)简被问及了很多问题，但她一个都没答出来。三、不定代词the other, other, another, others的区别(2013重庆高考)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.Aanother Bthe o

11、therCone another Done解析：选A考查代词。句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。the otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的”otherother不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少

12、)”others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the othersTo stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.(2011上海高考)为了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，然后又点了一杯。You are the team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.(2010安徽高考)你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作确实是你的特长。Neither side is prepared to talk

13、to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010全国卷)除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。四、复合不定代词的区别1(2013江西高考)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.AAnybody BEverybodyCNobody DSomebody解析：选C考查不定代词。句意：没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。根据句意可知，空处应用nobody。2(2013安徽高考)This project

14、 requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything解析：选A考查不定代词。句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选A。某任何每个，所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethingAnythingeverythingnothing点津注意somethi

15、ng的特殊含义：大致，左右；有价值或重要的人或事物；anything but“根本不”。What do you think of the lecture?Anything but interesting but Ive managed to survive it.(2013厦门三校高三联考)你认为讲座怎么样？一点意思都没有，但是我还是坚持着听完了。There is something in his words.We should have a try. (2011四川高考)他的话有些道理，我们应该试一试。 I got this bicycle for nothing: My friend ga

16、ve it to me when she bought a new one.(2011全国卷)这辆自行车我没花钱，我朋友买了新的，就把这辆车送给我了。it的用法1(2012全国卷)Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.Aherself BthisCthat Dit解析：选D考查代词用法。句意：Sarah赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。此处make it to表示“及时到达，赶上”，是固定搭配。 2(2012陕西高考)No matter where he is, he makes

17、 _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.Ahim BthisCthat Dit 解析：选D考查代词。句意：不管他在哪里，早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。make sth. a rule“把作为常例/定为常规”，句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to go for a walk before breakfast。3(2011江西高考)Why dont you bring _to his attention that youre too ill to work on? Athat Bit Cthis Dhim解析：选B考查代词。句意：你为

18、何不让他注意到你病得无法继续工作的事实？此处是it的特殊用法，其本身无实义。 4(2010全国卷)The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.Athis BthatCone Dit解析：选D考查代词用法。在thought后的宾语从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是“to have a holiday”。1it用作形式主语或形式宾语，替代后面的不定式、动词ing形式或从句。 New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster an

19、d at a lower cost.(2012四川高考)新的技术已经使更快、更低成本地生产新产品成为可能。The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.(2011山东高考)这两个小女孩如此相像，以至于陌生人很难辨别出彼此。It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.你错过了一场这么好的报告真是可惜。点津it在高考中经常考查其作形式主语或形式宾语的用法，其他代词如that，this等不能作形式主语或形式宾语。2it的

20、一些高频搭配，如make it“成功；确定时间为”；get it“明白了”；when it comes to .“当提到”等。When shall we meet again?Make it any day you like; its all the same to me.我们下一次什么时候见面？你喜欢哪天就哪天，对我来说都一样。When it comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.当提到节能的时候，大变化从细微的行动开始，比如随手关灯。3表示“喜欢、恨”等

21、心理方面的动词后面接it，构成一些固定结构，这类动词有like, love, hate, dislike, appreciate等。Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。反身代词、物主代词、疑问代词、人称代词、指示代词的用法1(2013浙江高考)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wish

22、es and darkest fears.Athese BsomeCones Dthose解析：选D考查代词。句意：来自16个国家的受访人中有一半人说，在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。2(2012山东高考)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.Awhoever BwhereverCwhatever Dhowever解析：选A考查代词。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。whoever在这里作代

23、词，意为“不管什么人；无论是谁”，符合题意。3(2011安徽高考)Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.Athem Bher Citself Dherself解析：选C考查代词。句意：令人惊奇的是，苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下，几乎成为了她的外套。此处itself 指的是“头发本身”。1反身代词的常见搭配：by oneself亲自，独自be oneself 处于正常状态enjoy oneself 玩得愉快think for oneself

24、 独自思考Dont let him take away your freedom to think for yourself.别让他夺去你独立思考的自由。2指示代词的常见用法：(1)打电话时，一般用that提问，this应答。(2)指代上文提到的一般用that/those，下文要说的用this/these。Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them? 那些都是事实， 你能从中得出什么结论？1.(2013临沂市一模)Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog.I

25、happened to witness _ this morning.Ait BthoseCeach Done解析：选D考查代词。句意：通常在雾中会发生很多事故，我今天早上就碰巧看到了一起。此处表示“一起事故”应用one (accident)。2(2013开封市高三二模) The power failure made _ difficult for us to complete the task on time.Athat BitCone Dthis解析：选B考查代词。句意：停电使得我们按时完成任务变得相当困难。此处空格内为形式宾语，替代后面的不定式短语，故用it。3(2013成都市高三二模)

26、Which of these resorts do you like best?_.They are both hot and crowded.AEither BNothingCNeither DNone解析：选D考查代词。句意：“这些旅游胜地你最喜欢哪个？”“一个都不喜欢，他们都太热而且太拥挤。”表示“三者或三者以上都不”用none。4(2013青岛二模)She wanted a job, _ she had never experienced before.Athat BoneCit Dwhat解析：选B考查代词。句意：她想得到一份工作，一份她以前从未经历过的工作。此处空格处代表a job，应用one代替。5(2013青岛二模)What major will you choose w