步步高高考英语一轮复习语法专题词法篇其他词类专题名词外研PPT学习教案

1、会计学1 步步高高考英语一轮复习语法专题词法步步高高考英语一轮复习语法专题词法 篇其他词类专题名词外研篇其他词类专题名词外研PPT课件课件 核心考点精析 名词在高考中的应用 模拟强化练 1 2 3 第1页/共43页 核心考点精析 名词的核心考点 1.可数名词的数 这里主要讲其不规则变化。 (1)单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese， Japanese，sheep，works(工厂)，cattle。 (2)合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends， gobetweengobetweens(中间人)，grownupgrownups。

2、第2页/共43页 (3)有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货 物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物，wages工资，riches财富， surroundings环境，ashes灰尘，compasses圆规，cattle家畜， congratulations祝贺，have words with sb.同某人吵架，in high spirits情 绪高涨地，give ones regards to sb.向某人问好，in rags衣衫褴褛，It is good manners to do sth.做某事是有礼貌的。 第3页/共43页 (4

3、)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people，cattle ，police；有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery，furniture，mankind ，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体， 复数看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整 体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。 第4页/共43页 2.不可数名词的数 (1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时 ，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下： 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪

4、的人或事。 抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词，可数名词) in surprise惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事 win success获得成功a success一个(件)成功的人(事) win honour赢得荣誉an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事) failure失败a failure一个失败者/一件失败的事 by experience靠经验an experience一次经历 with pleasure乐意a pleasure一件乐事 第5页/共43页 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的 动作、行为或类别。 A knowledge of

5、English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk (swim，bath，talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. 第6页/共43页 (2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数 名词。 物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些 咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，thr

6、ee coffees三杯咖啡；some drink一些饮料 ，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料；his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发；glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。 第7页/共43页 3.名词所有格 (1)s所有格 the boys mother，the childrens toys，the teachers books，Lucy and Lilys bedroom(共用)，Lucys and Lilys bedrooms(各自的) (2)“of名词”所有格 the roof of the house，the cover of

7、the book，the name of the girl wearing a red coat，a picture of my father(a picture that my father is in) (3)双重所有格 a friend of my brothers(one of my brothers friends)，a picture of my fathers(one of my fathers pictures) 第8页/共43页 (4)“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有： 用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Toms home， the doctors，the compan

8、ys new factory等。 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。 用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。 第9页/共43页 (5)所有格的句法功能 表所有关系 Jacks brother 表主谓关系 Mr Wangs praise 表动宾关系 the famous stars admirer

9、s 表修饰关系 a doctors degree 表同位关系(只用of所有格)the city of Beijing 第10页/共43页 4.名词的功能 (1)可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语 Mary turned nurse. He bought a new book. We made him monitor of our class. (2)作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作 定语修饰另一个名词。 第11页/共43页 分类意义 air pollution空气污染boy friend男朋友 coffee cup咖啡杯 body language身体语言 r

10、oad accident交通事故 the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖 时间、地点、称呼等 Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授 evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠 表目的、手段、来源、所属意义 reception desk接待台 sports field田径场 stone table石桌 color TV彩电 第12页/共43页 (3)作状语 名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。 The war lasted eight years. (4)作同位语 Tom，our monitor，left school last year. 返回

11、返回第13页/共43页 名词在高考中的应用 名词与语法填空 在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所 有格以及词类变换。 第14页/共43页 典题试做典题试做1 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015全国) 解析解析形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able

12、转化为其名词形 式ability。 ability 解析答解析答 案案 第15页/共43页 2.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).(2015全国) 解析解析由于该名词由so many修饰，故填该名词的复数形式paintings。 3.While there are amazi

13、ng stories of instant transformation，for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be patient.(2014新课标全国) 解析解析考查名词复数。前面是定冠词the，因此后面要用名词，再由谓 语动词are可知此空要用其名词的复数形式，故填changes。 paintings changes 解析答解析答 案案 第16页/共43页 4.I feel my legs sha

14、king.I cannot do this any longer.Unbelievable！Oh.，if you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep .(2014辽宁) 解析解析考查根据上下文语境填词。根据语境可知，说话者对于现在正在 进行的活动感到体力不支，因此需要停下来深吸一口气。take a deep breath深吸一口气。 5.But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009广东) 解析解析空格前有形容词性

15、物主代词，所以空格处应填名词，choose的名 词形式是choice。 breath choice 解析答解析答 案案 第17页/共43页 应对策略应对策略1 首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注 意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词类转换。这就要求考生要搞清楚 名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况。 第18页/共43页 名词与短文改错 短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格。汉语中的名词 在形式上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示 。而英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须用 其名词复数形式，而不可数名

16、词没有复数形式。其次名词的考查还会 涉及词性转换方面的错误。 第19页/共43页 典题试做典题试做2 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015全国) 解析解析由后面的定语从句we breathe in可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气 ”，air当“空气”讲时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。 答案答案airsair 解析答解析答 案案 第20页/共43页 2.One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It

17、 was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.(2015全国) 解析解析从后文可以看出Tony的父母一起和他去的购物中心，后文两次 出现parents，所以应该将parent改为parents。 答案答案parentparents 3.As I told you last time，I made three new friend here.(2015四川) 解析解析名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故 把friend改成friends。 答案答案friendfriends 解析答解析答 案案 第21页/共4

18、3页 4.My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.(2015浙江) 解析解析前面有three修饰，故side要用复数形式sides。 答案答案sidesides 5.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.(2015陕西) 解析解析根据前面的some可知，step应该用复数形式。 答案答案stepsteps 6.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour

19、 and play sports for one hour every day.(2014新课标全国) 解析解析由one and a half可知，hour应用复数形式。 答案答案第一个第一个hourhours 解析答解析答 案案 第22页/共43页 7.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.(2014辽 宁) 解析解析time在此处意为“次数”，为可数名词，再根据前面的several可知 ，应用times。 答案答案timetimes 8.This made for the grow in the porcela

20、in industry.(2013新课标全国) 解析解析定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为growth。 答案答案growgrowth 解析答解析答 案案 第23页/共43页 9.He has ruined his healthy.(2013辽宁) 解析解析在形容词性物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。 答案答案healthyhealth 10.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (2011新课标全国) 解析解析根据句意可知，当我最后到达“我朋友的家”(my frie

21、nds)时， 他借给我许多衣服。故friend应改为friends。 答案答案friendfriends 解析答解析答 案案 第24页/共43页 应对策略应对策略2 遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以 根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意 名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的 错误。 第25页/共43页 书面表达中名词易错点聚焦 1.写作中对于复数名词易疏漏s或es，如： (误)Id love to make friend with you. (误)All the picture displayed are of great

22、value. 2.部分名词的复数变化错误，如：familys，knifes，difficultys， pianoes，heros，woman doctors，tooths，childrens，medias。 第26页/共43页 3.部分词性易混作名词，如： 动词误作名词形容词误作名词 动词名词形容词名词 succeedsuccesshonesthonesty affecteffecthealthyhealth 第27页/共43页 4.可数与不可数名词混淆。如： 不可数可数 take actiontake measures some advicesome suggestions take exe

23、rciseeye exercises make progress information 返回返回第28页/共43页 模拟强化练 .单句语法填空单句语法填空 1.He had witnessed too many (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier，in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing. 解析解析考查词性转换。这里指的是“死亡”，是可数名词，在句中作及物 动词witness的宾语，空前的too many暗示应用deat

24、h的复数形式。 deaths 解析答解析答 案案 第29页/共43页 2.Apples new machine，the Lisa，proved to be an expensive (fail). 解析解析考查派生词的用法。从空前的“an expensive”可知此处缺少一个名 词，故填failure。failure在此处意为“失败的事”，为可数名词。 3.I ran into my neighbor，Dennis，yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets

25、but couldnt go to this (perform). 解析解析根据this的提示可知，此处应该使用perform的名词形式。 failure performance 解析答解析答 案案 第30页/共43页 4.Tourism should also advance the wealth and (happy) of local inhabitants. 解析解析根据and平行关系及其前名词wealth可知，应填happy的名词形式 。 5.These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work. 解析解

26、析考查固定短语make contributions to“对作贡献”。 happiness contributions 解析答解析答 案案 第31页/共43页 6.They get advice from “ (strange)”.When they need advice， they dont usually go to people they know. 解析解析考查名词的复数。根据下一句中的“dont”及“people they know”可知，空处意为“陌生人(stranger)”。stranger为可数名词， 其前面没有限定词，应填复数形式。 7.My first (impress)

27、 of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 解析解析形容词性物主代词my之后应当用名词，故应填impress的名词 形式impression。 strangers impression 解析答解析答 案案 第32页/共43页 8.Those who suffer from headache will find they get (relieve) from this medicine. 解析解析动词get后缺少宾语，故应用relieve的名词形式relief。get relief from因得到缓解。 9.Why do yo

28、u choose to work in an international travel agency? Well，you know，English is my (strong).So it is my best choice. 解析解析分析句子结构可知，谓语动词is后缺少表语，故应填strong的名 词形式strength。 relief strength 解析答解析答 案案 第33页/共43页 10.I made a (decide) to look at the flight monitors to see if there was an earlier flight to San Fra

29、ncisco. 解析解析考查词性转换。make a decision意为“作出一个决定”。 decision 解析答解析答 案案 第34页/共43页 .单句改错单句改错(每小题每小题1处错误处错误) 1.Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish. 答案答案minuteminutes 2.You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. 答案答案namenames 3.Mom，I know I have never expresse

30、d my thank to you before. 答案答案thankthanks 4.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish. 答案答案dishdishes 答答 案案 第35页/共43页 5.Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. 答案答案electricelectricity 6.From the time I was about four until I was a

31、bout six，I destroyed each of my toy. 答案答案toytoys 7.We，as well as animal，cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it. 答案答案animalanimals 答答 案案 第36页/共43页 8.In early January this year，the rate of UFO reports was steady，around three per weeks. 答案答案weeksweek 9.Tom was

32、having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work. 答案答案troublestrouble 10.It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 答案答案luggagesluggage 答答 案案 第37页/共43页 .语法填空语法填空 A(名词专练) Born on August 23,1988 in America，Jeremy ShuHow Lin is a professional basketball 1. (play) wi

33、th the Huston Rockets 2. the National Basketball Association (NBA).But，to some degree，many Chinese fans and 3. (coach) take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him 4. Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. player of coaches a 答答 案案

34、第38页/共43页 Jeremy Lin has recently become 5. success and attracted the worlds 6. (attend)，which gives Chinese people a lot of 7. (imagine) and pride.As we know，in most 8. (people) eyes，Jeremy is a miracle. In June,2012，when Jeremy took his third trip to China，a large crowd came to meet him，among whom there were various fans including some 9. (family)，some children and even some 10. (woman) players. a attention imagination peoples familieswomen 答答 案案 第39页/共43页 B China will allow all couples to have two children,11. (give) up its decadeslong one