高中英语定语从句精华版教学案

1、定语从句 导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl.She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. （一）定语从句定义1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词that, which, who, whose,关系副词： when, where, why 4.定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a

2、wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps

3、protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分

4、类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1.The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)2.Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)（三）关系代词1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语，口语中可做宾语；that 也可指人，但多用who.e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree i

5、s a German . The students who speaks German best comes from China . The man who (that ) you want to see is here .2. Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g. The man (whom) you look for has left . I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teac

6、her is speaking .3. whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasnt handed in .针对练习1.【2011全国卷I)】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2.【2011四川卷）】The school shop, _

7、customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where3.10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What4.100陕西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose5.10北京Ch

8、ildren who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing6.10重庆In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that7.09天津A person _ e-mail account is

9、full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever8.09安徽Many children, parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the villageAtheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom9.09湖南I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beaut

10、iful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose4.that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north .5. which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . 常用that不用which的情

11、况只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。 1.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do. 2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which. This is the best novel (that) have read.3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌

12、诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.4.当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修饰时。 This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。 Which of the students that knows something about history.6. 当先

13、行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，只用that。 He has little time that he can spare.7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that. Ive got one that you might be interested in.（3）用which，不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

14、Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without which pe

15、ople cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。针对练习1.先行词taxi 作fire的宾语。【2011上海卷) 】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as2先行词streets and houses 在从句中作主语。.【2011山东卷）】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _a

16、re built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that3.【2011福建卷）】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who4先行词the students 作 met 的宾语。.10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students

17、 in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which5.10全国I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what（四）关系副词1.when 指时间（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用when

18、e.g. He still remember the day when he joined the army .做主语 Ill never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作状语 I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主语 He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做宾语He rememberes the days when he spent much money on stori

19、es . (2) It is the first time that 句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。 e.g. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .2.where 指地点 （1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago . (2) 指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which .e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 yea

20、rs .This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .e.g. This is the shool in which /where we study every year. This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. 注：有时when ,where 相当于“介词+at/in +which ”.e.g. He left the room where /in which he lived last year. (3) 当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3.w

21、hy表示原因“the reason why .that. ”中，不能用because 代替that .e.g. Thats the reason why (for which ) he didnt come to school .The reason why he didnt attend the meeting is that he was ill .但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,课省略e.g. I dont believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .关系副词针对性练习1.【2011江苏卷）】Between

22、the two parts of the concert is an interval（间隔; 幕间, 休息时间; 距离）, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which2.【2011安徽卷）】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while3.【2011浙江卷）】A bank is the place

23、 _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there4此题注意与强调句区分。如时间状语改为on the April 29,2001，则强调句，强调时间状语。.【2011福建卷）】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat Bw

24、hen CsinceDberore5【2011陕西卷）】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that6.10福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 7.10江西The

25、girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what8.10天津-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that9.09上海Mozarts birthplace and

26、 the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now。A. where B. when C. there D. which 10.09四川Shell never forget her stay此处为名词，意为“逗留，停留” there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 11.09福建Its helpful to put children in a situation 抽象

27、名词 they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 12.09浙江I have reached a point 同上in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. how D. why13.09重庆Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where

28、同上14.09北京What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where In a job 在工作中=where B. which C. when D. that 15.08北京Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where16.08安徽

29、All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that17.08江西Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which18.08重庆They will fly to Washington, they

30、plan to stay for two or three days.A.whereB.there C.whichD.when19.08山东Occasionsoccasion occasion | kenn. 场合, 机会, 时机v. 致使, 引起, 惹起 are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when（五）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语东西如l

31、ook after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时： 一是，依据定于从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配， 二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配， 三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定，例如：介词+ 关系代词针对性练习1.10山东Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which Return to 回归于 D. from which2.09陕西Gun control is a subject Americans

32、 have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about whichArgue about D. into which3.09江西The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in 此题题干部分可改为：The house _in which_I grew up has been.; which 在此处为宾语可，省略，介词in 可移至动词后。所以答案为in C. in that D. in w

33、hich 4.10浙江The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those5.08福建By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on whichC.fr

34、om whichD.above which6.08四川For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.A.for whichB.in whichC.of which表示所属关系，many cities 中的一个-NewYork D.from which（六）.非限定性定语从句1. 关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom ，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。e.g. H

35、e didnt see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)非限定性定语从句针对性练习1.【2011全国卷II）】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which2.【2011北京卷）】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of

36、course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that3.【2011江西卷）】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which4.【2011江苏卷）】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can b

37、uy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which5.【2011安徽卷）】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while6.【2011浙江卷）】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. w

38、hich B. what C. them D. those7【2011陕西卷）】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that8.【2011湖南卷)】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that9.10浙江The settlem

39、ent is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those10.10江苏The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which11.10四川Aft

40、er graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where12.10全国As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that13.09安徽Many children, parents are away workin

41、g in big cities, are taken good care of in the villageAtheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom14.09辽宁Theyve won their last three matches, _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 15.09湖南I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green gra

42、ss in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose16.09全国My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 17.08全国The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that18.08北京Ill give you my friends h

43、ome address, you can be reached most evenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where19.08安徽All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that20.08湖南The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.A.most of

44、themB.most of whichC.most of whatD.most of that 21.08陕西The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which22.08四川For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.A

45、.for whichB.in whichC.of whichD.from which23.08重庆They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.A.whereB.there C.whichD.when24.08浙江Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.A. when B. where C. that D. which25.08福建By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reac

46、hed the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on whichC.from whichD.above which26.08江苏The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where（八）as 引导的限制性定语从句A such .as 和 the sameas 的用法such .as： 像.一样

47、的，像.之类；the sameas： 和.同样的 在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语） The result is not the same as the

48、y had expected.( 在从句中作宾语) 重点比较 the same as和 the same thatthe sameas:和.相同（代指同类事物）；the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This

49、is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔)This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）B .such as 的用法.such as 中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。Eg： This book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.

50、I have not many, but I will send you such as I have.相关链接：such as 还有“诸如，例如，像那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.n as 引导的非限制性定语从句as 可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：As we know As has been sa

51、id before 如上所述As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那样As is reported As was expected 正如预料的那样Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows. As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 重点比较as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别 as 和which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg：He didnt tell me any news, as/which upset me. Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. = Talks between the two countri