高中英语阅读技巧经典课件汇编

1、 考纲要求：考纲要求： 阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考 试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读 理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加 工能力。工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和 理解力的正确率。理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多 分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢， 提高命中率。提高命中率。 主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型 事实

2、细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型 命命 题题 类类 阅读理解命题特点：阅读理解命题特点： 推推 理理 判判 断断 型型 观观 点点 态态 度度 型型 一一: :主旨大意题主旨大意题 1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the t

3、ext? 6)Whats the best title for this passage? 主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式: Main Idea/Best Title How to find the main idea of a passage Sometimes Sometimes the first sentencethe first sentence of a passage is of a passage is the topic sentencethe topic sentence Sometimes Sometimes the last sentencethe

4、 last sentence is the topic is the topic sentencesentence Sometimes the topic sentence is Sometimes the topic sentence is in the middle in the middle of a passageof a passage Sometimes you have Sometimes you have to to put several key put several key sentences togethersentences together to get the m

5、ain idea to get the main idea Sometimes you cant find the topic sentence in Sometimes you cant find the topic sentence in the passage. You have to the passage. You have to sum it up yourselfsum it up yourself. . Sample 1 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others

6、 prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2 2）主题句出现在段尾主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据, , 层层推层层推 理论证理论证, , 最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论, , 即段落的主题。本段的中即段落的主题。本段的中 心思想在结尾句得到体现心思想在结尾句得到体现

7、, ,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。 应试技巧应试技巧 如何寻找主题句如何寻找主题句 Sample 2 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and w

8、ould enjoy a meal of spaghetti意大利式面条, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （2）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证 性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格 式。 Sample 3 Tigers are found in many Asian countriesIn the fo

9、rest and grasslands，a tiger is hard to seeA tigers golden coloured coat with its dark stripes is not easily seen for its hair is the same colour as the blades of yellowish grass and patches of deep shadow This camouflage（伪装）（伪装）is very important because tigers are huntersIf other animals could see a

10、 tiger coming，they would quickly run away The tiger has very strong，sharp teeth which are used for seizing and eating the animals it catches The best title for this passage is _ ATigers and Other Small Animals B. Something about Tigers CTigers Camouflage DHow Tigers Live sample 4 Tom studied four ye

11、ars at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.（2Min

12、） The main idea of this paragraph is that _. A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university. B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College. C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin univers

13、ity. D. Tom received an excellent education. detail detail detail 二：事实细节型二：事实细节型 1. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned ? 3. All of the following are true EXCEPT _. 4. In the passage the writer state

14、s that _. 5. Choose the best order. 6.According to the passage, who/what/ which/when/where/why /how . ? Skills: 1.use scanning to find out the answer directly 2.get rid of the wrong ones 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特 定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式： 大体可分为大体可分为直接理解题直接理解题和和语义转换题语义转换题， 所提问题一般可所提问题

15、一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中在文章中 找到答案。找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。 事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各 种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。 细节理解应注意的问题：细节理解应注意的问题： 1）首先要从问题中找出关键词，运用略读的技巧在文中查找这）首先要从问题中找出关键词，运用略读的技巧在文中查找这 一细节，并仔细阅读，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的区别。一细节，并仔细阅读，仔细比

16、较所给选项与文中细节的区别。 2） 此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语 义上的转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的义上的转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的 准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而 导致错误。导致错误。 Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parent

17、s home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. 60. The author planned to stop

18、 at Oklahoma City_. A. to visit a friend B. to see his parents C. to pay or the cash register D. to have more gas for his car Passage1 Passage1 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all mac

19、hines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in ca

20、lories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart

21、showsdifferent, as the chart shows Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 三：词义猜测型三：词义猜测型 要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或 句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义 语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。 1透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或 句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。 2 要熟悉常见的设问形式： 1) The

22、underlined word in the paragraph refers to /means _. 2) What does “_” in paragraph stand for /mean? 3) “_” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4) The expression /phrase “_” means _. 5) The word “_” is closest in meaning to _. 词句理解题 解题方法 1. Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man

23、,John is quite homely “homely”means “ ”. ugly （反义词、同义词）（反义词、同义词） 反义词反义词常见信号词：常见信号词：however,but,while, whereas,unlike, otherwise等；等； 同义词同义词常见信号词：常见信号词：or,namely,that is,i.e., that is to say,等。等。 2. Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeousIt was easy to see why she had won the beauty c

24、ontest比赛比赛 “gorgeous” means 3.Today was a very hectic day for meI woke up late， hurried to the office，worked until four，went to the store，cooked dinner and washed clothesI did so many things that I was certainly very tired “hectic”means “ ”. beautiful （根据上下文）（根据上下文） （根据常识）（根据常识） busy 生活生活 常识常识 上下文上下

25、文 对比对比 转折转折 因果因果 关系关系 同位同位 关系关系 同义词同义词 反义词反义词 构词法构词法 定义定义 猜猜 How to guess the meaning of words? 四：四：推理判断型推理判断型 推理判断题推理判断题：高考重头戏，20 个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生 归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的 观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文 中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合 理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。 推推 理理 判判 断断 型型 正确选项一般不是文中的原句正确选项一般不是文中的原句 推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式

26、有： The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)? What is the tone (语气语气) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _. 1.Where would this passage most probably appear? “L

27、aws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call .Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners .We know very little about these new diseases .A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）.Monkey-pox doesnt look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person. 1 (09全国) 67. The text suggests that in the future we . A. should stop buying pets from America B. may easil