表语从句详解

1、、概念表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句.放在系动词之后，一般结构是主语+系动词+表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem可以接表语从句的系动词有:2.feel ,seem,look,appear,sou nd,taste,smell3.sta nd,lie, remai n,keep,stay4.become,get,grow ,turn,go ,come,run,ve,turnout(bei ng,bee n,am,is,are,was,were)困难是我们资金短缺The trouble is that we are short

2、 of money.That is why stone walls are used in stead of fences around New En gla nd fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因At that time, it seemed as if I could nt think of the right word an yhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.引导表语从句的词:从属连词 that、whether、as though、as if （That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略.）关系代词 who, what, which, w

3、hom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等;关系副词 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever由从属连词 that , whether 引导的表语从句 .that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、是否.这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question（问题），trouble（ 麻烦），problem（问题），result（ 结果），chance（可能性），suggestion（ 建议），idea（想法），reason（理由）等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明

4、、解释，使主语的内容具体化.例如:The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱.The questi on is whether we n eed more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了What she couldn t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson

5、s.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣由关系代词引导的表语从句关系代词 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略.例如：The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作Thats what he is worry ing about.那就是他在担心的事 .Thats what we sho

6、uld do.那是我们应该做的.关系副词when, where, how, why除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点,方式或原因状语，本身具有由关系副词引导的表语从句去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方词义.例如： Go and get your coat. Its where you left it.I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella. That s why I got wet through.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因.That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every ye

7、ar.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的.That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的.由连词 because , as if/as though等引导的表语从句 .It looked as if it was goi ng to snow.看起来好像要下雪了 .Thats because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事 .It seems as if he didn t know the answer.好像他不知道答案.注意A. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序False: The question is when can

8、 he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive atthe hotel.B. 不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句（as if 例外）.引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether位于句首时要用 whether.引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether.False: The questi on is if the en emy is march ing towards us.Right: The questi on is whether the en emy is

9、 march ing towards us.Right: It looked as if he had un derstood this questio n.C. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D. that在表语从句中不可以省掉.基本用法表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词.名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语

10、从句例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西.（how在表语从句中充当方式状语）The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的.（what 在表语从句中充当宾语 ）What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.（what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略）That is what I want to tel

11、l you.那就是我想要对你讲的.（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语）That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因.（why 在表语从句中充当原因状语）What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告 诉他的 是我会给他找个好剧本.（what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的.（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语）That is w

12、hy she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因.（why在表语从句中充当原因状语）That is why.是常用句型，意为这就是”的原因/因此”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如:That is why you see this oldwoman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮,这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因.（前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括）.That is why Icame.这就是我来的原

13、因下面是两个与That iswhy.形式相似的结构，它们与That is why.结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:（1）That is why. 与 That is the reason why. 同义， 只 不过从 语法结 构上讲Thatisthereasonwhy.中why引导的是一个定语从句 ，将其中的thereason去掉则与 That is why.结构一样，例如：Thatis（thereason） why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由.Thatis because.句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为这就是为什么”

14、/因为” .That is because.与Thatis why.之间的不同在于 That is because.指原因或理由Thatis why.则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film lastnight.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业.（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因）He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it la

15、stnight.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看.（第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果） 表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句.其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同 .故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句 宾语从句（1）对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即主语 +谓语这种形式.时态：当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态 ，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即一般过去时，过去进行时,过去完成时，过去将来时）.连接词：当从句意思完整，主句意思肯定时，连接词用that,且可以省去，

16、当从句意思完整，主句意思不确定或含否定含意时常用if或whether（是否）,当从句意思不完整时,连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑 问词表语从句.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同也是在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面如：What thepolice wantto know is when you en teredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.The troubleis that weare shortof funds困难是我们缺乏资名词性从句的一种金.This is what we shoulddo这是我们应当做的注意：从句中的疑问句用正常

17、语序，即陈述语序.as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句She seems as ifshehaddone a great thing她看起来好像 做了 一件大事.Itis becauseyoueattoomuch是因为你吃得太多了单项选择1. The questi on iswe willhave our sports meet nextweek.A.thatB.if C.whe n D.whether2. The reason why he failedishe was too careless. A.becauseB.thatC.for D.because

18、of3. Go and get your coat. It syou left itA. where B.thereC.there where D.where there4. The problem isto take the place of TedD. that we can getA. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift give n by us. A. thatB. ifC. whetherC. why D. whatA. that B

19、. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it isyou are doing too much. A.why B.whe n C.what D.becauseD.不填6. The reas on isI missed the bus. A. that B. whe nC. why D. what7. That iswe were late last time. A. that B. whe n8. She lookedshe were ten years youn ger.10. The reason why he hasn t com

20、e isA. because his mother is illB. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born That ishe likes the place so much.A. that B. whatC. why D. howisLu Xun once lived. A. whatB. where C. that D. why13 your father wants to know is getting on with your st

21、udies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How； that you areD. What ； how youare14. The trouble is we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America was was first called India by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where16. China is becoming stronger and stronge

22、r. It is no longer .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used tobe17. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. Thatwhat C. What what D. That what18. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. s

23、uch19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is thatyou had a few days off？A. why B .what C. when D. where20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. It s the reason B. That s why C. There s why D. It s how21. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this mo

24、rning. A. when B. which C.where D. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?- Oh, that s .A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C

25、. in the way D. the way which句子翻译1. 这就是我想做的 2. 这房子正是他最需要的东西 . 3.的这就是Henry怎样解决问题4.务问题是谁能完成这项困难的任5.今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的6.堵.他迟至U的原因是交通拥7. 了 .事实是他对我撒谎coatis stillhadneitherthrough.(get)11.(disagree)你一直说每个人应该是平等的这就是我不同意之处.(where)你的外套仍然在你放的地rain coat nor an umbrella. That is我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞.这就是为什么我全身被淋湿的原因It sou

26、ndsthe door.(as if) 听起来好8. You aresay ingthatevery oneshould be equal, and this is 像某人正在敲门.12. It seemsin terestedin Henry.(become)好像伦敦所有人都变得对亨瑞感兴趣.last time we had great fun was the Water Park.(visit)上一次我们玩得很开心的时候是我们正在参观水族公园的时候that/what 的区别1. your father wants to know is gettingon with your studies

27、.A.What;how are youB.That;how youareC.How;thatyouareD. What; howyouare2.The troubleisweareshort of tools.A. whatB.thatC. howD.whythat3.America waswasfirstcalledIn diabyColumbus.A.whatB. whereC.the placeD.there where4.Ch inais beco mingstron gerandstron ger.Itis no Ion gerA.whatit used to beB.what it

28、wasusedtobei ngC. whatitusedto beingD. whatitwas usedtobe5.he reallymeans ishe disagreeswith us.A.WhatthatB. ThatwhatC. WhatwhatD. That what6. The energy ismakes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C.what D. such系动词分类：一、根据系动词后所跟结构， 我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类： 完全系动词 （其后只能跟表语的动词， 如 be, seem） 和半系 动词

29、（其后既 可跟 表语作系动词用法，也可 跟宾语 或状语 作实义 动词 用，如 look ） 例如： 1） He looked sadly at the boy.（ 看着，实义动词用法 ） He looks a clever boy . （看起 来，系动词用法）2） He looks at a clever boy. （看着，实义动词用法） 在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法 . 二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A.五大感官系动词B.状态系动词 C.动态系动词D.双谓语系动词A五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质 .由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词 .1

30、 look 看起来像是，后接 adj. 、n. 、分词、介词短语、不定式等 .The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful. 这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思 .2 smell 闻起来,后接adj. 分词 . Theflowerssmellsweet.这些花气味真香 .3. sou nd听起来，后接分词 .Themusicsounds sweet. 这首诗听起来真悦耳4 taste 尝起来,后接分词 .Theapplestastevery good. 这些苹果很好吃 .5. Feel摸起来，给感觉；觉得，后接adj./.You willfeel bet

31、terafteranight s sleep. 睡上一晚,你会觉得好些 .B. 状态系动词：1. be,是，属完全系动词.I am a student.我是一个学生.2. seem,似乎，好像，完全系动词.They seem quite happy.他们似乎很快乐.3appear, 显得,看起来好像,半系动词. Itappeared（to be）a truestory. 看来这是一个真实的故事 .4 . keep, 保持的状态，半系动词，后接 adj 或介词短语.You d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下.5remain, 仍是,半系动

32、词 .I remained silent. 我仍然缄默 .6stay 保持（某种状态）,半系动词,后接 adj. 、过去分词 . The window stayed open all the night. 证明是,半系动词,后接 adj.n.The treatment proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是成功的C.动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程1. get变成，变得起来，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长了2 fall 进入（某种状态） ，成为，后常接以下形容词：as

33、leep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.Theold men,unableto expresshimself, fellsilent.那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了 .Myfather fellilland died.我的父亲生病死了3grow渐渐变得起来，长得It s growingwarm.天气渐渐暖和起来了 .4 turn 转变成新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）Maple trees turn redinautumn.枫叶在秋天变红了 .It was cloudythismorning,but fortunately ithasturne

34、d fine.今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了 .5. go,变成（某种坏的状态）The telephone has gone dead.电话不通了 .The materialhas gonea funnycolour.这料子的颜色变得奇怪了goadj.bad, blind,wild, wrong, sour,hard,hungry,mad, red,with, anger, white,pale, blue, grey.6. become 变成,成为好坏均可的情况）I became interestedin drawing.我开始对素描感兴趣了He became angrywith me. 他

35、对我生气了 .They became goodfriends.他们成了好朋友 .7.come,变成为（已知的状态）,证实为,后常接形容词或前缀 un- 的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化Hiswishto becomea pilothas come true.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了Ifyoulook intothematter,everything willcome clear.如果你调查一下这事,一切都会清楚.后面常接的形容词还有：apart,dear昂贵）, natural,open, short, right （好了）, unstuck （没有粘住） ,untied （松开） .8

36、. run, 变成,后接 adj.The price ran high.价格上升了9. make,达到某种状态后接形容词，女口 sure,certain,merry, bold, freeWe must make certain of facts. 我们一定要弄清事实 .D.双谓语系动词此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义例如： The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳 .She stoppedand stood quitestill.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着 . The snow lay thickon the ground.雪厚厚地堆积在地上He m

37、arried young.他结婚很早 . Lei Feng diedyoung. 雷锋早逝 .He continuedsilent. 他继续沉默不语.系动词单项选择题The storysounds(MET89)A. tobe trueB.as trueC. beingtrueD. trueThose orangestaste_(MET91)A.goodB.wellC. to begoodD. to bewell-Areyoufeeling_?-Yes,Imfine now/(NMET92) A.anywellB.any betterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter CanIjo

38、in theclub,Dad.Youcan whenyouabitolder.(NMET94)A.getB. willgetC. get D. will have got-Doyou likethe material?Yes,itvery soft.(NMET 94)A. is feelingB. feltC. feels D. is feltI loveto go tothe seasideon Summer. Itgood to liein thesun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96)A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makesCleaning women inbig cities usually getby the hour.(NMET98) A. payB. paying C. paidD. to pay Why dontyouput the meat in the fridge?Itwillforseveraldays.(NMET2003)A. bestayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed系动词巩固练习 What youhave saidAissounded interestingB sounds interestingC soundintere