必修三 Unit_1_Festivals_around_the_world 知识点

1、Unit 1 Festivals around the world 1.in memory of 纪念纪念 eg:The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist. in honor of in favor of in support of in charge of in search of in possession of in need of in place of in hope of 拓展：拓展：inn.of 短语短语 纪念；为向纪念；为向表示敬意表示敬意 赞同赞同支持支持 负责负责 寻找寻找 拥有拥有 需要需要 希望希望代替

2、代替 用用 inn.of 短语填空短语填空 (1)We are all _your plan. (2)They started off at once _the missing girl. (3)We use chopsticks _knives and forks. (4)Two minutes of silence were observed _ those who died in the war. in favor of in search of in place of in memory of 2.dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰盛装；打扮；装饰 eg：The girls all d

3、ressed up to take part in the evening party. dress sb./oneself 给给穿衣服；打扮穿衣服；打扮 be/get dressed in(衣服或表颜色的词衣服或表颜色的词) 穿着穿着 (1)dress动作动词动作动词, “给给(人人)穿衣穿衣/打扮打扮”，宾语是表示，宾语是表示人人 的名词的名词。结构：。结构：dress sb./oneself (2)wear是状态动词是状态动词,“穿戴、佩戴穿戴、佩戴(手表、首饰、花等手表、首饰、花等)， 留留(发型、胡须发型、胡须)等等”；还可表示；还可表示“面露、面带面露、面带(某种表某种表 情、样子

4、等情、样子等)”，意义广泛。，意义广泛。 (3)put on是动作动词是动作动词,“穿穿(衣衣)戴戴(帽帽)”, 宾语是表示宾语是表示衣服等衣服等 的名词。的名词。 (4)have on状态动词短语状态动词短语，除了表示，除了表示“穿着，戴着穿着，戴着”之之 外，还可表示树木等外，还可表示树木等“披着，挂着披着，挂着”，不用进行时态。不用进行时态。 dress/ wear/ put on/ have on trick or treat 不送礼物就捣乱不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕孩子们万圣节前夕孩子们 挨户要礼物的用语挨户要礼物的用语) play tricks on sb.捉弄某人捉弄某人 tri

5、ck sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事哄骗某人做某事 3trick n诡计诡计;恶作剧恶作剧;花招花招;窍门窍门 vt.哄骗哄骗,欺骗欺骗 Eg:She tricked me into paying for her meal at the restaurant Eg:The children loved to play tricks on their teacher. award sb. sth./award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物授予某人某物 be awarded for. 因因而受奖而受奖 4award vt. 颁奖，授予，判定颁奖，授予，判定n. 奖，

6、奖品奖，奖品 Eg:The court awarded damages of $5 000 to the injured man. Eg:He won the award for his excellent skill. admire sb. for sth. 因某事而钦佩某人因某事而钦佩某人 have admiration for sb./sth. 羡慕羡慕/钦佩某人钦佩某人/物物 5admire vt. 赞美；钦佩，羡慕赞美；钦佩，羡慕 eg:The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. n. 赞美，钦佩赞美，钦佩 adj

7、. 可饮佩的可饮佩的 admiration admirable 6look forward to 期望；期待；盼望期望；期待；盼望 (1)My mother said she was looking forward to meeting you. (2)I was looking forward to hearing his comments on this new film. 提示：提示：look forward to 结构中的结构中的 to为介词，为介词， 其后接其后接名词名词或或动名词动名词。 be/become/get used to pay attention to devote.t

8、o. lead to stick to belong to object to contribute to 类似的动词短语还有：类似的动词短语还有： Eg:I get used to eating breakfast at 7 oclock. Eg:I devoted all my attention to the study. Eg:I stick to my belief. 习惯于习惯于 注意注意 把把致力于致力于 通向，导致通向，导致坚持坚持 属于属于 反对反对 为为作贡献作贡献 (1)take place 其其“发生发生”是是按意图或计划进行按意图或计划进行,无偶然性，无偶然性， 无被

9、动语态无被动语态。 (2)happen 普通用语普通用语,其其“发生发生”带有意外和偶然性带有意外和偶然性.另可另可 作作“碰巧碰巧”讲讲,用法是用法是 happen to do sth（碰巧做某（碰巧做某 事）事）,无被动语态无被动语态。 7. take place/happen Eg: The wedding will take place in October. Eg:We happened to discover we had a friend in common. 8turn up 出现；到场；开大，调高，增加速度、出现；到场；开大，调高，增加速度、 音量、强度或流量音量、强度或流量

10、 拓展：拓展： turn down turn out turn to turn in (1)Guess who turned up at Marys wedding. (2)The book you have lost will turn up someday. 关小，调低；拒绝关小，调低；拒绝 结果是；证明是；生产，制造；结果是；证明是；生产，制造； 转向，变成；求救于，求助于转向，变成；求救于，求助于 上交，欺骗上交，欺骗 10.keep ones word 守信用；履行诺言守信用；履行诺言 【注意【注意】keep ones word相当于相当于keep ones promise， 反义短

11、语是反义短语是break ones word/promise。注意两短语中。注意两短语中 的的word不可数，无复数。不可数，无复数。 (1)She is a girl who always keeps her word. (2)Dont break your word, otherwise no one will trust you. in a/one word 简言之，总之简言之，总之 in other words 换句话说换句话说 11apologize v道歉道歉 apology n道歉道歉 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. make an apolo

12、gy to sb. for (doing ) sth. 因某事向某人道歉因某事向某人道歉 1)Bill was apologizing to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time. =Bill was making an apology to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time. eg: They set about making preparations for the party . 词组拓展词组拓展 set about (doing sth)

13、着手做某事着手做某事 set down 放下，写下放下，写下 set out 出发，着手做出发，着手做 set up 竖起，创设，开办竖起，创设，开办 12set off 出发；动身；使爆炸出发；动身；使爆炸 eg:What time are you planning to set off tomorrow？ 13remind vt. 提醒；使想起提醒；使想起 remind sb. of sth./doing remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. that. (1)The pictures remind me of my school days (2)Remind

14、me to write to Mother 提醒某人提醒某人(做做)某事某事 提醒某人去做提醒某人去做 提醒某人提醒某人 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事通知某人某事 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事控告某人某事 suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事怀疑某人某事 拓展：拓展：常用于常用于 vt.sb.of sth./doing 的的 动词有动词有 inform, warn, accuse, suspect 等等 .单项选择单项选择 1Its surprising that you s

15、hould have been fooled by such a simple _. Atrial Btrick Ctreat Dtrip 答案：答案：B 解析：解析：trick“恶作剧，诡计恶作剧，诡计”，合题意。，合题意。 2.Whats wrong with him? The picture he came across _his memory of a sad story in his childhood. Aput off Btook off Cset off Dgave off 解析：解析：put off延期；延期；take of飞，脱掉；飞，脱掉；give off 发出发出(光等

16、光等)；set off激发，引起。答案：激发，引起。答案：C 3The mayor _ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims. Arewarded Bawarded Cpraised Dprized 答案：答案：B award sb. sth. for.表示表示“因为因为而而 授予某人某物授予某人某物”。reward“回报回报”；praise “表表 扬扬”，用于，用于 praise sb. for sth；prize 只用做只用做 名词。名词。 4W

17、e admire the old scientist _ his contribution _ the country. Afor; to Bat; to Cfor; for Don; for 答案：答案：A 解析：考查固定搭配解析：考查固定搭配 admire sb. for sth.和和 contribution to.。 5Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. Ahis being not able Bhim not to able Chis not being able Dhim to be not

18、 able 答案：答案：C 解析：非谓语动词解析：非谓语动词(动名词、动词不定式、现在分动名词、动词不定式、现在分 词、过去分词词、过去分词)的否定形式是直接在其前加的否定形式是直接在其前加 not， 所以排除所以排除A项。项。 6What you said just now _ me of that American professor. Amentioned Binformed Creminded Dmemorized 答案：答案：C 解析：考查解析：考查 remind sb. of sth./sb. “使某人使某人 想起某事想起某事/人人”。 7He promised to come,

19、but he hasnt _ yet. Aturned up Bturned over Cturned out Dturned back 答案：答案：A 解析：考查解析：考查 turn短语搭配。由句意选短语搭配。由句意选 turn up“出现，出现， 露面露面”;turn over 移交给；把移交给；把翻过来翻过来;turn back往回走；阻挡；翻回到 。 modal verbmodal verb 情态动词情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的某种情态动词表示说话人的某种 感情或语气，对某一动作感情或语气，对某一动作 或状态的某种态度。或状态的某种态度。 表示表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、 必须、应

20、当必须、应当”等。等。 什么是情态动词？什么是情态动词？ can/could, may/might, must/ have to, shall/should (ought to), will/would need, dare/dared must “必须；应该；一定；准是必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有，表示说话人认为有 必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时，用来指一般现在时和一般将来时， 过去时可用过去时可用 have to 的过去式代替。的过去式代替。 Eg:I must fi

21、nish my work today. Eg:Must I return the book tomorrow? Eg:After such a long walk, you must be tired. Eg:He must be the man I am looking for. must 和和 have to 的区别的区别: must 表示说话人的表示说话人的主观主观思想思想, have to “不得不不得不,必必 须须”，表示，表示客观客观需要、客观条件只能如此。需要、客观条件只能如此。 eg:You must do it now. (说话人认为必须现在干说话人认为必须现在干) eg:I

22、 have to go now. (客观条件必须现在走客观条件必须现在走) eg:You must be here on time next time. must 1.用于用于一般问句一般问句中中,肯定肯定回答用回答用must; 否定否定回答用回答用 neednt或或dont have to 做做 “不必不必”, mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许” e.g. Must I finish all the work at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. eg:You mustnt get off while the car is stil

23、l moving. 2. 表表“偏要偏要”“”“偏偏偏偏”，违背说话人意愿。，违背说话人意愿。 eg:Must you talk in class? eg:-How much do you earn? -Ill tell you if you must know it. 3. 一定，肯定一定，肯定 He must be crazy. He must have stayed up last night. 1.He must be my English teacher, 2.You must go shopping next week, 3. He must have finished his h

24、omework, 4. It must have rained yesterday, isnt he? wont you? hasnt he? didnt it? 4. 表推测的反应，反义疑问句中不能出现表推测的反应，反义疑问句中不能出现must的的 形式，反义形式取决于形式，反义形式取决于句中具体的时态句中具体的时态 6.must +have done 表示对表示对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情作出的作出的 肯定判断肯定判断 Eg:They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework. Eg:The road i

25、s wet. It must have rained last night. 5.must +do/be doing表示对表示对现在的动作现在的动作进行肯定推进行肯定推 测测 Eg:He must be reading novels now. Eg:They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money. 1. can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. 表能力表能力 eg. The girl can dance very well. be able to 通过努力做成某事通过努力做成某事 eg:He was able to reach

26、 Mount Qomolangma in 2000. B. 表示说话者的推测表示说话者的推测事物的可能性事物的可能性:(否、疑）否、疑） eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许可以表示请求或允许： eg. Can I sit here? can/could 2. could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. could 是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去有关的能力和表示与过去有关的能力和 推测推测: We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代

27、替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 但语气较但语气较can客气、客气、 委婉委婉: could 提问，答语用提问，答语用can -Could I borrow your pen? -yes, you can. 3. can/could have done “本可以，本来可能已经本可以，本来可能已经” 用于用于肯定句肯定句中，表示对中，表示对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情做出的判做出的判 断，断， eg：You could have had a better mark. may/might 1.may 表示推测时，只能表示推测时，只能用于陈述句用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来，表示对现在或将来 要发生

28、的动作把握不大要发生的动作把握不大。 They may come here tomorrow. They may be still waiting for us. 2.might 可用于可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。 He might be doing his homework now. I asked him if I might leave. 3.might/may have done,表示对表示对过去发生的动作过去发生的动作进行进行 可能性推测可能性推测 He might have read about the news in the newspap

29、er. He may have gone to the clinic. 3. will (would) 表表“决心、愿望决心、愿望”。 would 为为 will 的过的过 去式去式, 可用于各人称。可用于各人称。 Ill do my best to catch up with them. Ill never do it again, thats the last time. will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询 问问,用用 would 比比 will 更婉转更婉转,客气。客气。 Its hot. Will you open the

30、 windows? Will you help me to work it out? shall和和should shall 会；将；必须会；将；必须 1. shall 表征求意见表征求意见，用于一，三人称，用于一，三人称 疑问句中疑问句中 Shall we go by train, Mom? Shall he attend the meeting? 2.用于二用于二 ， 三人称三人称 的陈述句中，表的陈述句中，表威胁威胁,警告警告,命令命令,允诺允诺 等语气等语气 You shall get a present when I came back. You shall be punished

31、if you break the rules. should 用法用法 1.应该应该=ought to You should study hard. 2. 表万一，多位于句首。表万一，多位于句首。 Should he come, I would let you know. 3. “居然居然”，“竟然竟然”,表表说话人意料之外说话人意料之外。 To my surprise, he should be a thief. should have done sth本应该做某事，而实际上没有做本应该做某事，而实际上没有做 shouldnt have done sth 本不应该做某事，但实际上做了本不应该

32、做某事，但实际上做了 Eg:You shoudnt have lied to me. need “需要需要”，多用在，多用在否定式或疑问句否定式或疑问句中中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? You need not hand in the paper this week. need是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态 动词一样，动词一样，但但 need 还可当作实义动词使用，这还可当作实义动词使用，这 时时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复 数，数， 后面加带后面加带

33、 to 的动词等特性。的动词等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. Do you need a dictionary? 5. dare “敢敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。，多用在否定或疑问句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. Dare you catch the little cat? 注意：注意：“neednt + have + 过去分词过去分词” 表示过表示过 去做了没必要做的事情。去做了没必要做的事情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 6. ought “应当；应该

34、应当；应该”，后面跟带有，后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。的动词不定式。 eg:You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. eg:You ought to bring the child here. ought + to have done 指表示一件事情该做而未做。指表示一件事情该做而未做。 eg: You ought to have been here yesterday. ought not to have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 e

35、g:You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _. you must you neednt you dont have to neednt 对其它情态动词的回答对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to)

36、 neednt (dont have to) vCould I borrow your dictionary?(委婉委婉) Yes，you can/may. Sure. Go ahead. Please yourself. vMay I take this seat?(第一人称疑问句第一人称疑问句) Yes, you may. No, you mustnt. 表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法. 肯定的推测肯定的推测 可能的推测可能的推测 否定的推测否定的推测 疑问的推测疑问的推测 must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词 may, might ca

37、nt, couldnt can, could + V. + V. + have done + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing v总结：总结： vmust 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测； vcan, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能 性推测；性推测； vmay, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用用 于否定陈述句中，于否定陈述句中，cant （不可能）的语气比（不可能）的语气比 may not（可能不）强。（可能不）强。 v此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的 推测推测,对过去推测用对过去推测用情态动