Unit 10 Active Reading 1

1、Difficult sentences Words to note Information related Preview Cultural points Scientific facts Difficult sentence 1 Kugelmass finds himself in an old text, Remedial Spanish, being chased by an irregular verb. (Para 1, last sentence) Anals Trans find sb./oneself + prep. phrase/a. phrase/pre.p/p.p e.g

2、. I found her wandering the streets in a complete daze. (恍恍惚惚在街上游荡恍恍惚惚在街上游荡) Kugelmass 不可能被教科书中的西班牙动词追赶，因此此句为幽不可能被教科书中的西班牙动词追赶，因此此句为幽 默语气，默语气， 表现表现 Kugelmass 荒诞的命运。荒诞的命运。 Kugelmass 发现自己落入了一册西班牙语补习的旧 课本里，被一个不规则动词追得到处跑。 Difficult sentence 2 The main argument used to claim that time travel is impossibl

3、e is the grandmother paradox. (L4, Para 1) Anals Trans main clause: The main argument is the grandmother paradox. used to claim: 过去分词短语作定语修饰过去分词短语作定语修饰 the main argument，“被用来宣称被用来宣称” that time travel is impossible: claim 的宾语从句的宾语从句 祖母悖论是论证时间旅行不可能的主要论点。 Difficult sentence 3 and the matter becomes con

4、centrated into an extremely dense object a fraction of its original size, a black hole, from which nothing can escape. (L3, Para 6) Anals Trans 主句：the matter becomes concentrated into an object. a fraction of its original size 原有体积的一小部分，与原有体积的一小部分，与 a black hole 构成构成 an extremely dense object 的同位语。的

5、同位语。 from which nothing can escape 为为 an extremely dense object 的定语从句的定语从句 concentrate v. (passive voice) 聚集，集结聚集，集结 e.g. The population was concentrated along the river banks. 人口集中在沿河两岸。人口集中在沿河两岸。 物质会缩聚成一个比原来要小得多的密度极大的物体， 即变成一个黑洞，任何物体也无法从中逃脱。 Difficult sentence 4 Think about what happens when an el

6、ectron wave moving through a TV screen collapse into a point particle. (L4, Para 7) 想想当一束电子波通过电视屏幕坍塌成一个微粒点时会发 生什么呢？ What happens when an electron wave collapse into a point particle 为为 think about 的宾语从句，在的宾语从句，在 when 所引导所引导 的时间状语从句中，的时间状语从句中，moving through a TV screen 为现在分词为现在分词 构成的后置定语修饰构成的后置定语修饰 a

7、n electron wave。 point n. a very small area of light or colour (光或色彩光或色彩) 小小 点，痕点；点，痕点；point particle 译为译为“微粒点微粒点”。e.g. Her eyes narrowed to glittering points of light. 她的眼睛缩成很小的她的眼睛缩成很小的 光点。光点。 Anals Trans Difficult sentence 4 Interference between two universes is possible when the quantum object i

8、n one universe an infinite number of copies of itself. (L4, Para 9) 当一个宇宙中具有一套相对维度的量子物体能够进入另一个具有另一当一个宇宙中具有一套相对维度的量子物体能够进入另一个具有另一 套相对维度的宇宙时，两个宇宙间的干扰就可能发生。这导致宇宙分套相对维度的宇宙时，两个宇宙间的干扰就可能发生。这导致宇宙分 裂成无数小宇宙的观点。裂成无数小宇宙的观点。 此句进一步解释量子物体穿过黑洞后的可能结果：宇宙间的干扰。量子此句进一步解释量子物体穿过黑洞后的可能结果：宇宙间的干扰。量子 物体穿过黑洞后进入另一个宇宙，必然对另一宇宙产生

9、影响。两个宇宙物体穿过黑洞后进入另一个宇宙，必然对另一宇宙产生影响。两个宇宙 间就有可能产生干扰，因此间就有可能产生干扰，因此 interference between two universe is possible。 split v. to divide a group into smaller groups 分开分开 e.g. The Chronicle splits into 3 part. 这这部编年史分成部编年史分成3部分。部分。 an infinite number of copies: 分裂成无数个小宇宙分裂成无数个小宇宙 Anals Trans Words to note N

10、ew Words Phrases exert invisible dense amazingly interference infinite resolution hence Grouping words a fraction of in theory to an extent that exert v. to use influence, authority or power in order to affect or achieve sth. 施加影响，运用权威，使用权力施加影响，运用权威，使用权力 Translate the following sentences. 1. Antique

11、 shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. 古玩店对许多人有一种特殊的魅力。古玩店对许多人有一种特殊的魅力。 2.这三个文件对中国国有经济的调整和国有企业深化改革将产生重要影这三个文件对中国国有经济的调整和国有企业深化改革将产生重要影 响。响。 The three documents will exert a great impact on readjusting the State-owned economy and deepening the reform of State-owned enterprises. M

12、ore 运用权威 施加压力 秘密操纵 鼓足干劲 Identify the meaning of collocations. secret control authority pressure measure of utmost effort 实施巨大的影响 给予一定程度的影响 施加决定性的影响 strong supreme huge 施加压力 鼓足干劲 秘密操纵 运用权威 给予一定程度的影响 实施巨大的影响 施加决定性的影响 invisible adj. that cannot be seen 看不见的，无形的看不见的，无形的 Complete the sentences. The elect

13、ron clouds are clearly visible as blurs (云雾) _. 电子云就象环绕着看不见的核的一片云雾。 Culture _ on patterns of day-to-day communications in Japanese as in American organizations. 在日本和美国的组织中，文化以日常思想交流的方式表明它的无形 存在。 surrounding the invisible nuclei More asserts its invisible presence Describe to your partner something i

14、nvisible to your naked eyes (肉眼看不见的). electron 电子 proton 质子 subatomic 亚原子 photon 光子 black holes bacteria oxygen carbon dioxide gene dense adj. very heavy in relation to the size（物质）密度大的 Translate the following sentences 1.当湖面冻结时，冰由于密度小于水的密度而浮在水面。当湖面冻结时，冰由于密度小于水的密度而浮在水面。 As the surface freezes, the i

15、ce floats because it is less dense than water. 2. Foremost(最重要的最重要的) among the techniques used to study dense interstellar region is molecular (分子分子) radio astronomy, a relatively new and rapidly developing interdisciplinary(跨学科的跨学科的) science. 在用来研究高密星际区域的技术中，最重要的是分子射 电天文学；这是一门较新的发展迅速的边缘科学。 More den

16、se Identify the context-dependent uses of “dense”. A dense black cloud of flying insects A densely populated region A dense network of towns and cities A dense person the density of ice 密集的城镇网络 密密麻麻乌云般的 一大群飞虫 愚蠢的人 浓雾/ 烟 冰的密度 人口稠密的地区 dense fog/smoke amazingly adv. very surprisingly 令人吃惊地 Translate th

17、e sentence into English. 周末过得惊人得快周末过得惊人得快。 Identify the following grammatical structures The weekend has gone by amazingly fast. It never ceases to amaze sb. that to ones amazement in amazement What amazes me is that What an amazing time/meal! be amazed at sth.; be amazed to see/hear/ learn interfer

18、ence n. the process of deliberately becoming involved in a situation and try to influence the way it develops 妨碍，干妨碍，干 预预 Convert “interference” to “interfere”. The picture on our TV is spoilt by interference from your vacuum cleaner. The picture on our TV is spoiled because your vacuum cleaner inte

19、rferes. 2. On occasion, this separation will exist because of interference by the state for national reasons. On occasion, this separation will exist because the state interferes for national reasons. More Identify the difference between interfere and intervene. interfere with: 扰乱，妨碍，指尽管没有权力，仍介入 其中，

20、试图影响进程或使其偏离正常的轨道。 intervene in: 调停，介入，干涉，指介入其中终止或改 变某种情景，尤指军事、政治干预。 The prime minister has pledged not to _ _(军事干预军事干预) neighboring countries. Women are concerned about the high levels of medical _ during childbirth. The defective(缺损的缺损的) gene _ normal body processes. intervene militarily in interve

21、ntion interferes with infinite adj. very great and seeming to have no limit 巨大的，无 限的 Translate the following sentences 1. Certainly he had won power through infinite patience, great knowledge of men and political insight. 无疑他是靠着无限的耐心，识人的睿智和政治的卓见赢得权力的。无疑他是靠着无限的耐心，识人的睿智和政治的卓见赢得权力的。 2. 无边无际，辽阔广大的夜空在她们身

22、边朝四面八方伸展。无边无际，辽阔广大的夜空在她们身边朝四面八方伸展。 The infinite, vast night expanded gigantic all around them. More Fill the blanks with the appropriate forms of infinite. The city offers an _ variety of things to do. Dont hesitate! You just take an _ risk. Im _ grateful for you help. We soon lost interest for the

23、barren landscape stretching into _. 1. The worlds _ resources must be used wisely. infinitely adv. 极其，非常 infinity n. (时间、空间或距离)无限，无 穷 infinitesimal a. 极小的，极少的 finite a.有限的 infinity infinitesimal finite infinitely infinite resolution n. the action of solving a problem or dealing with a disagreement i

24、n a satisfactory way(问题、争端)的解决的解决 Using the collocations to replace expressions with similar meanings in the sentences. Diplomats are determined to solve the border disputes as soon as possible. 外加官们决心尽快解决边境的纠纷。 Diplomats are determined to pass a cease-fire agreement in the UN General Assembly. 外加官们

25、决心在联 合国大会上通过停火协议。 make a resolution 决心决心for a speedy resolution 尽快解决 are resolved to 决心决心resolution 决议 hence adv. therefore, used for introducing something that is results of the fact that has been stated 因此，由此因此，由此 Decide the proper place of “hence” in the following two sentences. 1. 因之他笔下人物寻求人生意义的

26、过程，也就是艺术家创造的过程。 His characters search for meanings in life is equated with the artists creative processes. 2.中止保护将增加进口，并因而使价格上升。中止保护将增加进口，并因而使价格上升。 Ending this protection would increase imports and prices. hence Hence Hence 引导句子、从句、短语、单词，表示与前面所说内容的因果关 系。 prefix infinite 无限的 invisible 看不见的 irregular

27、不规则的 inevitable不可避免的 preordained 注定的 Suffix light-hearted 轻松的 curved 曲线的 well-defined 明确的 preordained 注定的 dimensional 维度的 gravitational 重力的 momentarily 短暂的 amazingly 令人高兴的 a fraction of a small part or amount of sth. 小部分，少量 Use “a fraction of” to replace the expressions with similar meaning. The man

28、ager hires only a small number of the workers. looked at her very quickly before answering her request. in theory Used for saying that sth. is believed to be true although it may not be true 从理论上讲从理论上讲 Complete the conversations. 1. What if it has been opened up to access from the public domain? _.

29、(在理论上存在滥用的可能在理论上存在滥用的可能) Does regulatory negotiation really provide a superior format for encouraging cooperation rather than confrontation? _. (至少在理论上是的至少在理论上是的) It is in theory open to abuse At least in theory to an extent that Used for saying that because of sth. is happening, something else happ

30、ens 竟然到了竟然到了的地步的地步 Debate for the following topic. Situation 1: The exhaust fumes was accumulated to such an extent that the global temperature has experienced a steep rise in recent years. Situation 2: Preservatives have been abused in food to such an extent that it has caused a severe food poisoni

31、ng in some cities. To restrict or not, that is a question. More 1.轻松的短篇故事 2.四维的时空观 3.弯曲的效果 4.产生重力 5.一系列不规则曲线 6.被较近的阻塞物阻挡 7.挡在路上 8.向内坍塌 a light-hearted short story four-dimensional concept of spacetime the warping effect to exert gravitational pull an irregular series of curves blocked by closer obst

32、ruction to get in the way to collapse inwards Useful expressions Useful expressions to concentrate into an extremely dense object from which nothing can escape to extend this idea to to take every possibility on offer infinite number of copies of itself the century-old question Is the future preorda

33、ined? 9. 缩聚成密度极高的物体 10.什么也不同逃脱它的吸引 11.将这一观点延伸至 12.抓住提供的一切可能性 13. 无数宇宙的版本 14. 古老的问题 15. 未来是前定的吗？ Information related Woody Ellen Kugelmass Episode Emma Bovary Woody Allen Files 1. Birthday and birthplace: December 1, 1935, Brooklyn 2. Original names: Allen Konigsberg 3. Job titles: Actor, playwright,

34、 director, novelist, filmmaker, humorist, musician Quotations from Woody Allen 1. I believe there is something out there watching US. Unfortunately it is the government. 2. Life is full of misery, loneliness and sufferingand its all over much too soon. 3. My one regret in life is that I am not someo

35、ne else. Kugelmass Episode Files l Protagonist of Woody Allen story l A PROFESSOR of humanities at City College l Unhappily married the second time l Found himself projected into the novel Madame Bovary and had a romance with Emma Bovary Emma Bovary Files l Protagonist of Gustave Flauberts Madame Bo

36、vary l Married to a mediocre doctor and stifled by the banality (平庸) of provincial life l a beautiful and bored wife, reckless, dreamy, voluptuous, discontented Information related Doubts on singularity Hawkings contribution (1) Mathematically proving the General Theory of Relativity (2) Applying Qu

37、antum Theory to interpret singularity and black holes Grandmother paradox Doubts on singularity Einsteins equation Doubt: singularity would be small but not dimensionless and extremely dense but not infinite. When a star exhausts its nuclear fuel and collapse, its matterbecause of gravitycrushed tog

38、ether at its center, an infinitely dense point with no dimension singularity. irresistible gravity The region surrounding singularity becomes a black hole from which because of gravitynothing, even light, can escape. More Scientists found evidence that black holes exist. Hawkings contribution The General Theory of Relativity Quantum Theory It falters in tiny realm like subatomic world. It accurately describes the subatomic world. Big bang,