初二非谓语动词--to do

1、Part two:非谓语动词（初二版）-动词不定式to do 一、 动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式to+动词原形，有时可以不用to。这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to)+动词原形。不定式具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称和数的变化。表语My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为作主语。宾语-what sports does he like to play?-

2、他喜欢做什么运动？-He likes to play basketball.-他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语。宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.她让我在英语课上不要讲汉语。make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。（但在被动语态中不能省略。）定语Have you got anything to say?你有什么要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to

3、 the library to study English.（表目的）我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和主语一致。1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形主主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其机构为：It + be + adj.+ (for/of sb.)+动词不定式。To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。Its important for us to protect the environment.对我们来说，保护环境很重要。注意：在kind, good, n

4、ice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式做宾语 一些谓语动词后面只能用动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like ,want, hope, decide, plan, expect等。Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影么？ 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，

5、常用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语 放在句末。*I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语是一件很容易的事。 常见的一些不带to的不定式：Why not do,had better(not) do,would rather do, could/would/will you please(not do) I would rather stay at home.我宁愿呆在家里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。t

6、ell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。*注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式做宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listen to）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（look at,see,watch,notice）、五帮助（help）。但这些动词变被动语态时，必须加上to。The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们工作了一整夜。4. 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑

7、上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。The teacher is telling the studens what to do.老师正告诉同学们要做什么。（what to=what they should do）He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。（where to go=where he should go）“现学现卖”用所给单词的正确形式填

8、空。1. I hope_(find) a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.2. He found it hard _(catch up with ) his class. 3.Mother asks me_(not play) computer games before my homework.4.All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them_(laugh).5.Let him_(have) a rest. I th

9、ink he must be tired after the long walk.6.We have two rooms_(live) in, but I cant decide which one_(choose).！不定式易混点：一、 动词+ to do 动词+ doing 的区别1. stop doing/ to do stop doing sth. 停止，中断做某件事后去做另外一件事。 stop to do sth. 停止做某事 They stopped to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来抽了根烟。 I must stop somking.我必须戒烟了。 She re

10、ached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.她到达山顶后，坐在路边的岩石上休息。2. forget doing/ to do forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某件事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的等还亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯这个动作）He forgot to turning the light

11、 off.他忘记他已经关灯了。（已经做过关灯这个动作）Dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.离开教室时别忘了关灯。3. remember doing/to doremember to do sth.记着去做某事（未做）remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记得放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人了吗？4. try

12、 doing/to dotry to do sth.设法或努力去做某事try doing sth.尝试着做某事You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。5. go on doing /to dogo on to do sth. 放下手中的事，去继续做别的事go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事We had supper and went on to watch TV.我们吃过晚饭，接着看电视。He didnt have a rest and wen

13、t on working.他没有休息而继续工作。6. be afraid of doing/to do be afraid to do sth.不敢、胆怯去做某事，主观原因不去做，意为“怕”。be afraid of doing sth. 担心出现doing所指的情况、结果，doing是客观造成的结果，意为“生怕，恐怕”She was afraid to wake her husband up.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking he husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。二、 to 的两种含义在初中阶段的英语学习中，学生常常会遇到含有介词的短语，而其中有些与中所含的介词为to,它后面需要接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式，学生们很容易将这种情况与不定式符号to后接动词原形混淆。 1.make (a) contribution(s) to:为作贡献We should make a contribution to protecting our environment.我们应该为环保做贡献。2devote to 献身，致力于He has devoted his life to helping disabled peo