2019届上海中考英语专题冲刺专题六：首字母填空

1、2019届上海中考英语专题冲刺专题六：首字母填空2019年中考英语专题冲刺（六）-首字母填空【题型介绍】首字母填空共7个，每道2分，共计14分，占阅读部分的28%，占试卷总分的9.3%；文章篇幅精悍，字数约250-300之间，重点考查5大词类：名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词； 首字母填空对学生语言知识要求较高，需要运用词法、句法甚至文章里涉及的一些背景知识去认真分析答题才有可能拿到满分；我们在平时练习时有可能会碰到一些出的比较卖弄、奇葩，甚至超出初中生知识范围的首字母题目，放心，这种情况在中考中决然不会出现，纵观近几年中考真题，都未超出一般初中生的认知范围。该题型对学生词汇应用及语境分析综合能

2、力要求极高，是拉开区分度的重要题型，很多考生中考成绩140左右，和145+的考生，相差的那么几分往往就是因为这一题型。首字母填空真的难吗？是！但是，如果方法得当，再加上三分天赋和七分努力，拿到满分也是极有可能的。下面就该题型进行详细剖析。如果广大师生有更好的秘籍，可以留言分享哦（该篇文章发表于公众号：上海初高中英语 20180614期）【首字母考查】基础词汇知识的掌握和运用词语短语搭配的使用语境中辨析词性的能力文章逻辑关系的理解语言综合运用能力【首字母常见疑惑及对策】看不懂文章意思；文章大意看懂了，但仍然不能锁定目标词汇；知道该填什么词，但想不出该词的英文；终于想出了，但是由于单复数，时态，比

3、较级没兼顾到；如上种种，我们都可以得出一个共同的结论：该生词汇一定是不过关的，此外，还有粗心等不良学习习惯，不仅首字母，在其他地方也会犯诸如动词时态或三单一，名词单复数等粗心错误。如果出现这些情况了，我们还是建议先从基础词汇抓起吧，把词汇熟背后再学习首字母答题技巧，这样才能更快更好提高，不然，可能是既浪费时间又浪费精力-你必须要求一定词汇量，即你个人的词库供你去搜索，当然了，这个库越大越丰富越好。没有什么一蹴而就的万能法则，熟记考纲单词，多做多总结是大多数满分同学的方法。【首字母答题步骤】 Step1：掌握句子成分与词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该空与何种词性相对应。词性正

4、确是答案正确的前提。 Step2：了解词性处理方法后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对所缺空词性的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。 Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。 【方法总结】(一)通读全文完型填空所填的单词要使各句句子意思完整，上下文相互衔接，因此，在落笔作提前一定要先通读全文，基本把握语篇的大意。(二）根据固定用法以及词组的搭配有些空格与固定搭配或词组表达法有关，要充分利用自己平时所积累的词组搭配来考虑填什么词。(三) 运用语法知识剖析结构，判断所需的词是什么词类。如，修饰名词一般用形容词；修饰动词一般用副词

5、。名词前常会有冠词、代词；动词前可能有情态动词、助动词等。如果是两个分句，就得看两句之间的关系。若两句中的一句从属于另一句，就得用从属连词；若是并列关系，则用并列连词，然后根据意义考虑是时间、地点、原因还是方式，是转折还是因果关系，来决定用什么连词。另外，在根据文中意义决定了所填的词之后，还要注意使用它的正确形式。如，名词要注意单、复数；人称代词要注意主格、宾格或所有格；冬刺要注意时态、语态或非谓语形式；形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级等。【专题精讲】首字母高频词汇A字母开头的：名词：ability accident activity actor actress addition addres

6、s advantage advertisement aim all ambition amount answer area attention代词： all another any anybody anything形容词：able accurate active all ancient angry another any attractive automatic available awful副词：abroad actually after again ago ahead all almost along already also always angrily anywhere as 动词：a

7、ccept achieve add afford allow answer apologize appear arrange attack attract 介词：about above across after against along among around as B字母开头的：名词：balance base beginning being best(最好的人或物) bit block book bottom break(休息) breath broadcast business businessman代词： both形容词：bad beautiful best better borin

8、g both brave 副词：back before behind best both besides动词：beat bite book borrow born break介词：before by behind below beside besides betweenC字母开头的：名词：call cancel capital case cause century chance charity chemical chemistry choice cigarettecircle citizen class collection college color company competition

9、concert conclusioncontrol cross culture custom customer形容词：careful certain changeable cheap chemical close(近的) cold common complete confident convenient correct crazy crowded confident副词：carefully certainly clearly close completely动词：cancel care cause celebrate change choose clear climb collect comp

10、are complain complete confuse connect consist control copy correct create D字母开头的：名词：daily dark detail diet difference difficulty disaster distance dream形容词：dangerous different difficult dull disappointed副词：Deeply动词：decide decorate describe disappear discover disturb drop developdesign介词：down duringE

11、字母开头的：名词：earth earthquake education effect end energy entrance environment example excuseexercise experience experiment 代词：each either everybody/everyone everything形容词：each easy educational either else enjoyable enough every everyday excited exciting expensive 副词：easily either enough especially even

12、 ever everywhere exactly 动词：e-mail/email enable encourage end enjoy enter equal escape examine expect explain express介词： exceptF字母开头的：名词：fable fact favor female figure finger fisherman forecast foreigner form France freedom French friend friendship fuel fun furniture future形容词：fair favourite first f

13、it following foreign forgetful freezing fresh familiar副词：far finally first forever动词：fail fit fix focus follow frighten G字母开头的：名词：game gas geography goal grade graduate greenhouse guest形容词：general glad good great 副词：gently动词：gain get H字母开头的：名词：habit health heart heat height history hobby holiday hop

14、e housework humour形容词：hardworking healthy helpful historical horrible hungry副词：happily hard hardly heavily here home how however动词：hang happen hate heat hesitate hold hope hunt hurry hurtI字母开头的：名词：idea income industry information invention inventor invitation island形容词：important impossible independe

15、nt interested interesting副词：immediately in inside instead动词：imagine improve include increase interview introduce介词：inside intoJ字母开头的：名词：jam journalist journey joy judge副词：just动词：joke judgeK字母开头的：名词：kind kindergarten knowledge动词： kick knowL字母开头的：名词：language law lawyer length lie link list location lo

16、ck luck形容词：last late likely limited local low lucky lonely副词：last late later luckily动词：land laugh lay lead link locate lock leave介词： likeM字母开头的：名词：Machine magazine mail manner market match matter meal memorymenu message method mind minute mistake moment most much代词：many形容词：modern more most much副词：ma

17、inly maybe more most much动词：manage match matter mean mind miss mistake moveN字母开头的：名词：neighbour network number note代词：neither nobody none nothing 形容词：nearby necessary neither nervous next 副词：nearly neither never next no not nowhere动词： notice介词： nearO字母开头的：名词：offer opinion order organization owner代词：o

18、ne other形容词：only open opposite ordinary other outdoor own副词：often once only over动词：obey observe offer order organize own介词：on onto opposite outside overP字母开头的：名词：pain paint(涂料，颜料) painting part partner passenger performance place planepollution practice president problem process progress形容词：pale per

19、fect personal physical precious pretty private public副词：perhaps politely possibly probably properly动词：place plan play pollute post practice predict prevent process produce promise protect prove put Q字母开头的：名词：question副词：quickly quietlyR字母开头的：名词：reason record relative resource responsibility rest rest

20、aurant result robbery rule run形容词：real regular responsible retired 副词：rather really recently right 动词：realize receive recognize record reduce refuse relax repeat reply research respect review rob rule run rushS字母开头的: 名词：safe safety sauce saying secret secretary section sense servicesex shame shape s

21、ightseeing situation size skill square story successsupport surface surprise survey system subject strength代词：same some somebody/someone something形容词：safe same serious several simple some spare special square straight strangestrong successful such sure 副词：safely second seldom seriously slowly so sof

22、tly sometimes soonstill suddenly动词：save search seem select sell send serve settle share shine solve spend spread study succeed suggest support suppose surprise survey 介词：sinceT字母开头的： 名词：task temperature thought ticket traffic trouble try type代词：that these this those形容词：teenage terrible thankful that

23、 these thin thirsty this those top traditional true副词：then today together tomorrow too动词：telephone/phone tell test thank think throw tie train translate transport try turn type介词：through throughout till to towardsU字母开头的： 名词：use形容词：unhealthy unusual useful usual upset副词：under up usually动词：understand

24、use介词：under V字母开头的：名词：variety 形容词：various动词：vary volunteer W字母开头的：名词：way wisdom wish wonder worry writer代词：what who 形容词：weak well which wooden wounded wrong副词：what when where why动词：wait wake walk want warn waste widen win wonder work worry 介词：with within withoutY字母开头的：形容词：young副词：yet连词：A：and after a

25、lthough asB：because before butI：ifN：neither norO：orS：since soT：than till thoughU：unless untilW：when while whether 疑问词/连词：what how 【专题过关】首字母专题形容词副词知识点梳理A survey has been published which shows that British people dont like their neighbors very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel t

26、hat their neighbors h 92 pay attention to othersfeelings. （2010中考真题）【答案】hardly【分析】根据句意，80%被调查的人感觉他们的邻居几乎不注意其他人的感受According to the survey, the b 94 problem is noise. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. （2010中考真题）【答案】biggest【分析】根据调查，最大的问题是噪音The other m

27、ain problems are disagreements (不和) about car parking spaces, and old people complaining about the young. Some disagreements last a l 96 time. （2010中考真题）【答案】long【分析】一些不和会持续很长的一段时间Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never share a meal, 80% have never had a drink t 97 and 20% have never ev

28、en spoken. （2010中考真题）【答案】together【分析】80%的人不会一起喝酒2. New technology has really opened up the world of film making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may start your own film-ma

29、king. （2011中考真题）【答案】much【分析】新的技术为粉丝打开了新的电影制作世界，现在一个照相机不会花费许多5. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? （2011中考真题）【答案】besides【分析】B开头的副词是besides，另外你需要编造一个故事If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film maker and producers are als

30、o good story-writers. （2011中考真题）【答案】easily【分析】如果你有好的想象力，你就可以很容易创造一个吸引人的故事If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. （2011中考真题）【答案】successful【分析】一个优秀的故事是一部成功电影的关键The underground is fast and convenient. There is a station every few b

31、locks. Underground trains run from 5:30 a.m. to 12:00 midnight. You can get to any place e 86 . （2012中考真题）【答案】easily【分析】你可以很简单地去任何一个地方Londons black taxis are f 89 . Many visitors to London know they are good and comfortable. They Will cost you a few pounds, though. Take a taxi once, for the experien

32、ce. （2012中考真题）【答案】famous【分析】伦敦的黑色出租车是非常有名的Dont drive your car in London! Car parks are very e 91 . You have to pay a special congestion charge (拥堵费) to drive your car into the city centre. （2012中考真题）【答案】expensive【分析】不要自己在伦敦开车，停车费是很贵的But life with a roommate can also be a t_87_ experience. Some exper

33、ts did a study of college students who shared a room. （2013中考真题）【答案】terrible【分析】但是有一个室友的生活也是糟糕的Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you dont see them very o_89_. So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss t

34、he situation carefully. （2013中考真题）【答案】often【分析】当你和朋友一直待在一起和并不总是经常见到他们是不一样的If you decide to share a room with someone you dont know, talk to each other. Its important to be h_90_ about your habits and things you hate. （2013中考真题）【答案】honest【分析】关于你的习惯和你不喜欢的东西保持诚实是很重要的P 82 activity was popular among both

35、 girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating. （2014中考真题）【答案】physical【分析】身体活动在男孩和女孩当中都是非常流行的Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that coll

36、ecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins. （2014中考真题）【答案】various【分析】他们有各种各样的收集品Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the da

37、nce regularly. （2014中考真题）【答案】seldom【分析】根据句意，十个里面只有一个会有规律的去跳舞Its a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils dont sit in a classroom. I 81 , they go through the forest or sit under the trees. （2015中考真题）【答案】instead【分析】i开头独立成句的填

38、insteadThe classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . （2015中考真题）【答案】special【分析】第一节课是数学课，但是教学方法是很特殊的The Young Persons Rail-card is very popular in Britain nowIt gives you

39、ng people the chance to buy c 81 train tickets across the countryJust imagine，it could take you to festivals，to see friends，or to london for a weekend break，at a lower price（2016中考真题）【答案】cheap/cheaper【分析】它给年轻人机会去买便宜的火车票来穿过这个国家If a rail-card does not have the users name signed，it will be considered i

40、nvalid （无效的）No one else may use either your rail-card or any tickets bought with itYou will be required to pay the f 86 price of the ticket if you are unable to show your own rail-card with the ticket for a check during a journey（2016中考真题）【答案】full【分析】你会被要求付全部的票价如果你没有拿出自己的地铁卡Tonys mother put differen

41、t foods which were unfamiliar to Amy onto big plates. She asked the kids to carry the food-filled plates out to the table. Amy carried roast duck. It was one of the f _84_dishes she recognized. （2017中考真题）【答案】few【分析】Amy拿了烤鸭，这个菜是她认得的为数不多的菜Amy was a little nervous about eating with chopsticks. Tony gav

42、e her instructions on how to do it. Amy finally managed to hold the chopsticks. Just when she picked up a piece of chicken in her chopsticks, her fingers s_85_ lost control of them, and the chicken flew across the table. （2017中考真题）【答案】suddenly【分析】她的手指突然失去了对筷子的控制Tonys father kindly brought out a fork

43、 and knife. He handed them to Amy .Amy felt more c_87_. She ate the rest of her dinner easily. It was delicious! （2017中考真题）【答案】comfortable【分析】Amy用了刀和叉子，她感觉更舒服了首字母专题动词名词知识点梳理 A survey has been published which shows that British people dont like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took p

44、art in the survey feel that their neighbours hardly pay attention to others feelings. 25% dont talk lo the people who live next door and 10% dont even know their names. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 93 because they dont get along well with their neighbours. （2010中考真题93题）【答案】

45、move【解析】根据上下文，因为邻居之间相处的不好而搬家，所以答案是move。Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which cant s 95 the noise from next door . （ 2010中考真题95题）【答案】stop【解析】老房子这些地方的墙比较薄，不能阻挡隔壁的噪音。 At one time, making a film was an expensive act

46、ivity for only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but also the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that. （2011中考真题92题 ）【答案】changed 【分析】根据句意，现代化的科技改变了做电影难又贵。By trainTake a

47、train to visit places outside London, like Hampton Court andWindsor Castle. You can use a Travel card on the underground, buses and most trains. To p 88 your journey, get a map from the railwaystations, take some time to think about the places you want to visit.（2012中考真题88题 ）【答案】plan【解析】根据句子意思为了计划旅行

48、。By bikeThere arent many good bicycle lanes in London. Cycling with a largeguided group is better than r 92 alone.（2012中考真题92题 ）【答案】riding【分析】根据上下文，Cycling指骑车，一群人骑车比单独一个人骑车要好。 Some experts did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommat

49、es were not happy at school and are more likely to get sick than other students. So, how can you l_88_ with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice.（2013中考真题88题 ）【答案】live【解析】根据上下文，怎样和合租者一起生活？ Dont get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f_92_ the unhappy things between you and

50、 your roommate. No one-including you-is perfect.（2013中考真题92题 ）【答案】forget【解析】根据下文没有人是完美的，可以推出前面尽力忘掉不开心的事情。 Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very p

51、opular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine. （2014中考真题83题 ）【答案】included【解析】根据上文意思 ，活动包括听音乐，玩音乐。V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week .（2014中考真题85题 ）【答案】visiting【解析】根据后面一句中met friends，前面应该是visit friends，做主语所以用visiting。 In this school you wont hear a teacher saying “Count how many app