离子液体的发展与应用（Development and application of ionic liquids）

1、离子液体的发展与应用（Development and application of ionic liquids）The development and application of ionic liquid.Txt my advantage is: I am handsome; but my shortcoming is: I am handsome is not obvious. What is happiness? Happiness is a cat fish, dog meat, Altman played a small monster! But your mother your c

2、ousin? I am not a fat man. This paper is contributed by fzhm001Pdf documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you select TXT first or download the source file to the local machine.Eleventh issue of 2008Fine chemicals raw materials and intermediatesdevelopers guide

3、- 23 -Development and application of ionic liquidsLi Changtu (Jilin Petrochemical Co Haite Chemical Factory Jilin 132000)Green chemistry is also called environmental harmless chemistry, environmental friendly chemistry and clean chemistry. Green chemistry is chemistry technology and the method to re

4、duce or stop the use of those harmful to human health, community security and ecological environment of raw materials, catalysts, solvents and reagents, products, by-products and production, to eliminate pollution in the production of the source, and the synthesis process and the production process

5、is friendly to environment. Green chemistry is one of the frontier subjects of international chemical science research. It is a new interdisciplinary subject with clear social needs and scientific goals. Because of the pursuit of the goal of green chemistry is elimination of toxic raw materials, exp

6、lore the new synthetic route, using non polluting reaction pathways and processes, to minimize the three wastes, and implement raw materials - generated products use recycle whole process control; development and application of green chemistry and technology not only can improve the production effic

7、iency and optimization of products, but also can improve the utilization rate of resources and energy, reduce pollution, improve environmental quality, thus greatly improve the production in the process of social and economic benefits, become one of the ways to realize the sustainable development of

8、 economy and society. Therefore, the popularization and application of green chemistry and technology will inevitably bring about a new industrial revolution. This green wave will make the environment more economical, not just the economy as the main driver of technological innovation. Anastas, an A

9、merican scientist and advocate of green chemistryBetter than the use of stoichiometric reagents; (10) chemical products should be designed at the end of its use, do not persist in the environment, can be decomposed into harmless substances can be degraded; (11) analysis method for further developmen

10、t, to implement on-line monitoring and control of hazardous substances before generating; (12) substances or the use of a chemical substance in the process of form, should consider the potential risk to minimize the accident, such as the release of gas, explosion and fire 1. Great progress has been

11、made in the development of green chemistry so far. In this paper, the progress of green chemistry is reviewed mainly through the discussion of ionic liquids.Development of 1 ionic liquidsThe ionic liquid is composed of specific cations and anions of a substance that is liquid at room temperature or

12、near the room temperature, its main features are: almost no vapor pressure, no volatilization, colorless, odorless; has a wide range of temperature stability, good chemical stability and wide electrochemical potential stability window; adjust its dissolution the inorganic, water, organic compounds a

13、nd polymers through the design of ions, and its acidity to super acid. As a new type of reaction medium, ionic liquids are becoming a hot research topic because of their good environmental friendliness and design2 to 3Anastas P. T. and Waner J. C. put forward 12 principles of green chemistry, which

14、have been cited many times in many discourses,Its content: (1) to prevent waste generation than better after its formation; (2) the synthesis design method should make the maximum amount of raw materials used in the production process into products; (3) design and synthesis methods, as far as possib

15、le, regardless of raw materials, intermediate products and final products,To human health and the environment, non-toxic and harmless; (4) chemical products should be designed to maintain the original function at the same time, as far as non-toxic or low toxicity; (5) should be avoided as much as po

16、ssible the use of solvents, separation agents and other additives, such as inevitable, auxiliary agent will choose non-toxic; (6) synthesis method must consider the impact of energy consumption in the reaction process of cost and environment, should try to reduce the energy consumption, the best syn

17、thesis method under normal temperature and pressure; (7) the technical feasibility and economic rationality of the premise, the use of renewable resources instead of resource consumption; (8) where possible, try not to produce derivatives (; 9) the catalyst with high selectivity in the synthesis met

18、hod. Compared with traditional solvents, ionic liquids are used as organic reactionsThe medium can obtain higher selectivity and faster reaction rate, and also has the characteristics of mild reaction conditions and environmental friendliness, 4 6. A variety of important organic reactions, such as a

19、ddition reaction, polymerization, redox reaction, alkylation, acylation, esterification reaction can be carried out in ionic liquid medium, avoiding the use of other toxic solvents and catalysts. Ionic liquids can be reused in the reaction, and the efficiency is not decreased significantly. Therefor

20、e, the ionic liquid attracts more and more attention, and be published on 2007 published the research team to summarize their work based ionic liquids are more than 10 7 18, that we are thinking about ionic liquids tomorrow.1.1 ionic liquids changed the concept of carrier templateLiquid phase cataly

21、sis of ionic liquids as carriers has attracted great attention in recent years. One of the hot spots is the development of metal catalysts toward soluble nanoparticle catalysts. Much earlier- 24 -developers guideFine chemicals raw materials and intermediatesEleventh issue of 2008In recent years, sol

22、uble nanoparticles obtained from organic solvents have been used as catalysts, and good results have been obtained in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. In supported catalyst, the catalyst with high dispersity has good activity but poor life. In comparison, control of dispersion and particle size on

23、 the surface of the carrier easily than in ionic liquids, because the ionic liquid can be adjustable, nanoparticles can also protect stabilizer adjustable design. Zhao C, Wang H Z, Yan N et al. Were designed using the concept of ionic liquid-like191.3 ionic liquids promote the progress of phase sepa

24、ration technologyHigher importance has been attached to the application of ionic liquids in separation science. It should be noted that the concept of phase is different from that of water or organic solvents in ionic liquids. When the cation of an ionic liquid gains or loses one electron and change

25、s between the room temperature and the low temperature, the phase behavior of the ionic liquid will change. These changes are not just physical changes, there may be chemical changes. It is this chemical change phase change that makes the ionic liquid different from the general solvent, so it is pos

26、sible to design some very wonderful phase separation processes. The emergence of ionic liquids, because of its green features, people have ionic liquids on gas absorption done a lot of research on the structure of the ionic liquid tunable, absorb acidic or alkaline gas to achieve functional. However

27、, the progress in the absorption of neutral gases such as methane is not very large, because methane is a typical non-polar molecule, and ionic liquids are typical polar solvents. In fact, we found that quaternary ammonium cations have very good solubility for methane, which is not surprising, becau

28、se octane is a very good methane solvent, so its liquid at room temperatureStabilizers modified by PVP,The results were published by C&E News in the science and technology focus columnFor the special report, called rhodium nano catalyst Chinese chemist reported a case with extraordinary life and act

29、ivity, the total number of conversion catalyst after 5 cycles to reach 20000, higher than the previous nanoclusters of benzene hydrogenation record more than 5 times. It is interesting to note that there is strong evidence that ionic liquids have a catalytic effect on some reactions, such as the hyd

30、rogenation of ortho chloro nitrobenzene, 20.William 2 and G et al. Used ionic liquids for the synthesis of 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5,The process of green and recyclable can be obtained by using pyridine and related derivatives.211.2 ionic liquid promotes the study of liquid phase reac

31、tionThe study of ionic liquids has promoted the study of liquid phase reactions, including liquid metal catalyzed homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis catalyzed by metal nanoparticles. The experimental method of identifying these two different reaction systems is benzene poisoning exper

32、iment. As far as ionic liquids are concerned, there are many studies on heterogeneous catalysis by introducing nanoparticles into organic solvents. The emergence of ionic liquids, because of its green characteristics, and because of its structural adjustment has the potential to achieve automatic se

33、paration of products, so that this field renewed vitality. The ionic liquids we are talking about now promote the study of the liquid phase reactions, which is another effect, that is, the ionic liquids examine the water phase or other reactions that can be directly realized in the liquid phase. Wat

34、er is a more green medium than ionic liquids, but people have not paid enough attention to aqueous phase reaction for a long time22N8888Tf2N can absorb methane gas to form methane ionic liquidsCompound。 Skillfully, the dissolution process can be combined with the curing of methane gas to realize the

35、 storage of methane gas by the change of ionic liquid state with temperature. N8888 Tf2N ionic liquid is liquid at room temperature, reduced to 0 degrees, complex solidified, methane stored stably in the solid; heating, curing complex melts, re release methane. Fuel solvents and conventional media u

36、sed as homogeneous reactors in nuclear industry have applications in the furnace, the nuclear fusion furnace, the nuclear fusion fission furnace, the accelerator, and the treatment and recovery of nuclear fuel. British nuclear fuels (British Nuclear, Fuels, BNFL) to develop a method for the nuclear

37、waste dissolved in ionic liquids and bpyNO3, adding an oxidizing agent in ionic liquid, the insoluble metal transition to soluble oxidant, to turn the U4+ into U5+, Pu4+ into Pu5+. Ionic liquids may replace conventional solvents such as water or odorless kerosene with phosphoric acid three butyl est

38、er, thereby improving the existing nuclear fuel processing system23.Fischer Tropsch synthesis chemical reaction energy is the most important post oil eraOne of. Through Fischer Tropsch synthesis, people can get from coal and natural gas of oil, its industrial potential with the soaring oil prices gr

39、ow with each passing day. At present, the slurry bed reactor is usually used in industry, and the solid phase is iron or cobalt as catalyst. The reaction temperature is about 250 degrees, and the syngas pressure usually needs 3MPa. It is necessary to point out that the F-T synthesis 80 years of rese

40、arch and development, the current industrial route has nearly 50 years of history, but the design principle of the catalyst and reaction, chemical reaction engineering has not changed. From the point of view of green chemistry and chemical engineering, both the realization of F T synthesis at low te

41、mperature and low pressure, or from the chemical principle to avoid the low reaction efficiency, slurry bed reactor are easily blocked and other defects, its meaning is very important. A variety of polymerization reactions can be carried out with ionic liquid as the reaction medium,Such as coordinat

42、ion polymerization, electrochemical polymerization, radical polymerization, has the advantages of fast reaction rate, narrow molecular weight distribution, catalyst and ionic liquid can be reused, but also solves the problem of the traditional polymerization catalyst dissolved in organic solvent, to

43、 achieve a green reaction . Perrier24As reported in ionic liquids, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization, anionic polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate by molecular weight and close to the theoretical value of the polymer, polymerization of methyl methacrylate

44、 by kinetics of polymerization and the relative molecular mass increases linearly with conversion, for 25 polymerization. Esterification is one of the basic reactions in synthetic chemistryEleventh issue of 2008Fine chemicals raw materials and intermediatesdevelopers guide- 25 -The lattice controls

45、the reaction conditions to obtain the desired chemical selectivity and stereoselectivity. Using ionic liquid as solvent, it can reduce the reaction conditions, improve product yield; at the same time, repeated use of ionic liquid catalyst system also makes the reaction greatly reduced the cost of po

46、stprocessing, process improvement, reduce the environmental pollution by organic solvent, and has broad prospects for development. The esterification of substituted phenols is often carried out in poisonous and harmful solvents, which limits its application in industry. BPyBr and HPyBr with ionic li

47、quid as solvent at room temperature, 24h completed the esterification reaction, the yield was more than 85%, to avoid the use of toxic solvents, is a green synthesis method for environment friendly. In three different lipase as catalyst, the synthesis of glycerol ester that shrink in ionic liquid em

48、imNTf2: the activity of lipase in ionic liquid is almost in the traditional solvent (toluene) 95 times in the activity, and each kind of lipase activity and enantioselectivity were not related to the ion kind of liquid.The selectivity, solubility and high liquid temperature range, which is widely us

49、ed in a variety of extraction and separation, purification is a solvent separation design, safe and environmentally friendly, known as liquid molecular sieve, is a good medium of liquid-liquid extraction. The wetting ability and viscosity of ionic liquids can be used as ideal stationary liquid for g

50、as chromatography. As a stationary phase of gas chromatography, ionic liquids exhibit dual properties. When the separation of the samples is neutral or non polarity, ionic liquid acts like a non-polar stationary phase retention factor is small, but the selectivity is good; when the separation of the

51、 samples is a polar molecule, showing strong polar stationary phase, the sample in the column on the long retention time. As the mobile phase additive of liquid chromatography, ionic liquid can significantly improve the separation effect of liquid chromatography. The ionic liquid is not volatile, be

52、cause it has good thermal stability, unique physical and chemical properties of the design, the formation of a new field of chemical research, has attracted more and more attention of researchers, and will achieve a breakthrough in solving the problem of modern industry brings negative aspects. But

53、up to now, a lot of knowledge about the new system of ionic liquids has been limited to the empirical and common understanding of some experimental facts. The existing experimental data, especially thermodynamics, kinetics and engineering data, are rather scarce, and the ability to predict the engin

54、eering is limited, which limits the research and application of ionic liquids to some extent. The application of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry has a lot of work to do, but it can be affirmed that ionic liquids will be one of the most important chemical solvents and media in chemical analysis

55、 in the future. Although ionic liquids have been widely studied as green solvents, the preparation of these ionic liquids requires a large amount of solvents and purification reagents, and the green of the preparation process is questioned. In addition, the possible problems caused by the use of ion

56、ic liquids have attracted wide attention,This includes the stability of ionic liquids, biodegradation, toxicity and corrosion of 30.1.4 ionic liquids have promoted the development of green chemistry. After nearly 10 years of development, green chemistry has been deepenedAll aspects of learning and c

57、hemical engineering. The current and future for a long time, the soaring oil prices, shortage of fossil resources, the future energy strategy of the introduction and implementation of the environmental and human attention comprehensive background, green and sustainable chemistry to obtain greater an

58、d faster development is inevitable. In the past 10 years of green chemistry, ionic liquids play an important role. In a sense, ionic liquids are the symbols of condensed Green Chemistry26 to 28. Basic scientific questions of green chemistryThe problem can be roughly divided into 4 aspects: green synthesis, green media, green reactants and green catalysis. We can see that the ionic liquid with nearly every one of the above 4 aspects are closely related, this is the scientific basis of ionic liquid to promote the development of green chemistry, th