蒋静仪book1 u2.ir1.

1、 ContextContext I. I. The goals of the text: The goals of the text: 1.1. The style of the text - exposition;The style of the text - exposition; 2.2. The main idea of the article; The main idea of the article; 3. 3. The topic sentence in each paragraph; The topic sentence in each paragraph; 4. 4. The

2、 structure(outlineThe structure(outline提纲提纲) of the text; ) of the text; 5.5. How to paraphrase; How to paraphrase; 6.6.Study the new words Study the new words 、phrases and patterns of phrases and patterns of the text;the text; 7.7.Grasping the words and phrases about the Grasping the words and phra

3、ses about the psychologypsychology(word webbing (word webbing 光盘光盘) ) II.II. Appositive clause Appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句是用来解释某一名词如是用来解释某一名词如 fact, idea, suggestion,informationfact, idea, suggestion,information等具体内容的句子。等具体内容的句子。 同位语从句同位语从句就是对前面的名词作补充说明，说明其内容。就是对前面的名词作补充说明，说明其内容。 III.III.巩固练习巩固练习 Un

4、it 2 Psychology in Daily Life Unit 2 Psychology in Daily Life Unit 2 Psychology in Daily LifeUnit 2 Psychology in Daily Life Unit 2 Psychology in Daily LifeUnit 2 Psychology in Daily Life Unit 2 Psychology in Daily Life Unit 2 Psychology in Daily Life (U2 (U2 ir1P24)ir1P24) How to Achieve Good menta

5、l HealthHow to Achieve Good mental Health I. I. The goals of the text: The goals of the text: 1.1. The style of the text - exposition;The style of the text - exposition; 2.2. The main idea of the article; The main idea of the article; 3. 3. The topic sentence in each paragraph; The topic sentence in

6、 each paragraph; 4. 4. The structure(outlineThe structure(outline提纲提纲) of the text; ) of the text; 5.5. How to paraphrase; How to paraphrase; 6.6.Study the new words Study the new words 、phrases and patterns of the phrases and patterns of the text; text; (Unit 2 p24-45)(Unit 2 p24-45) 7.7.Grasping t

7、he words and phrases about the Grasping the words and phrases about the psychologypsychology(word webbing (word webbing 光盘光盘) ) II.II. Appositive clause Appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句是用来解释某一名词如是用来解释某一名词如fact, idea, fact, idea, suggestion, informationsuggestion, information等具体内容的句子。等具体内容的句子。 同位语从句同位语从句就

8、是对前面的名词作就是对前面的名词作 补充说明，说明其内容。补充说明，说明其内容。 III. III. 巩固练习。巩固练习。 How to Achieve Good mental Health B1 U2 IR1 p24-25How to Achieve Good mental Health B1 U2 IR1 p24-25 A survey conducted in 1996 A survey conducted in 1996 by (APA) shows that both by (APA) shows that both psychology and physical psycholog

9、y and physical health are important.health are important. How to Achieve Good mental Health B1 U2 IR1 p24-25How to Achieve Good mental Health B1 U2 IR1 p24-25 The writer suggests the ways of The writer suggests the ways of achieving the mental and physical achieving the mental and physical health.he

10、alth. 1.1.Find the professional help.Find the professional help. 2.2.Talk to people you trust.Talk to people you trust. 3.3.Find psychologists to solve your Find psychologists to solve your emotional problems.emotional problems. 4.4.Learn to talk about the problems Learn to talk about the problems a

11、nd concerns.and concerns. 5.5.Share your emotional feeling Share your emotional feeling appropriately.appropriately. 6.6.Have good mental energy at Have good mental energy at home, at work and at play.home, at work and at play. 7.7.Take care of your loves, careers Take care of your loves, careers an

12、d yourself.and yourself. 8.8.Put yourself at the beginning of Put yourself at the beginning of the priority. Check physical health the priority. Check physical health and psychological health up. and psychological health up. I. I.The goals of the text: The goals of the text: 1. The style of the text

13、 is an exposition. 1. The style of the text is an exposition. An exposition is to inform or explain somebody or An exposition is to inform or explain somebody or something.something. ( (e.g. the process of making a machine, the e.g. the process of making a machine, the natural and social phenomenon,

14、 or a plan, etc.)natural and social phenomenon, or a plan, etc.) In another word, an exposition is to tell us what it is In another word, an exposition is to tell us what it is and teaches us how to do. (and teaches us how to do. (说明文就是给人以知，教人以说明文就是给人以知，教人以 用。用。) ) Why we say the article is an expos

15、ition? Why we say the article is an exposition? Because the writer tells us that if we follow the Because the writer tells us that if we follow the ways what the writer says, we can get the balance of ways what the writer says, we can get the balance of physical and emotional health we need.physical

16、 and emotional health we need. I. The goals of the text: I. The goals of the text: 2. 2. Reading skills - UnderstandingReading skills - Understanding The main idea of the articleThe main idea of the article Main idea Main idea Main idea is the primary point the author is Main idea is the primary poi

17、nt the author is trying to convey to the reader. ( trying to convey to the reader. ( 主旨主旨- - 文章中心是文章中心是 作者说服读者的观点和主张。作者说服读者的观点和主张。) ) The main idea of the text The main idea of the text is that the writer is that the writer tells us that if we follow the ways he gives us, we tells us that if we foll

18、ow the ways he gives us, we can get the balance of physical and emotional can get the balance of physical and emotional health we need.health we need. 3. The topic sentence in each paragraph; The topic sentence in each paragraph; The main idea in a paragraph in one sentence is The main idea in a par

19、agraph in one sentence is called the topic sentence. ( called the topic sentence. ( 段落中表达中心思想的句子叫主段落中表达中心思想的句子叫主 题句。题句。) ) * The position of the topic sentence:The position of the topic sentence: . At the beginning of the paragraph or the article;. At the beginning of the paragraph or the article; .

20、 At the end of the paragraph or the article; . At the end of the paragraph or the article; . In the middle of the paragraph or the article; . In the middle of the paragraph or the article; . No clear topic sentence; . No clear topic sentence; 3. a.3. a.文首文首 提出主题提出主题, , 随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释, , 支撑或发展主题句所表

21、达的主题思想支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。 At the beginning the author first states his/her main point and then At the beginning the author first states his/her main point and then explains and develops that idea.explains and develops that idea. 3. b. 3. b. 文尾文尾 在表述细节后在表述细节后, ,归纳要点归纳要点, , 印象印象, , 结论建议或结果结论建议或结果, , 以概括

22、主题以概括主题. . 这是英语中最常见这是英语中最常见 的归纳法写作方式。的归纳法写作方式。 At the end, the author concludes his/her main point in the end of a At the end, the author concludes his/her main point in the end of a paragraph. paragraph. 3.c.3.c.文中文中 通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导 出出, , 而后又作

23、进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释, , 支撑或发展。支撑或发展。 In the middle, the paragraph likes a diamond shade.In the middle, the paragraph likes a diamond shade. 3. d.3. d.无主题句无主题句 即主题句隐含在全文中即主题句隐含在全文中, , 没有明确的主题句没有明确的主题句. . 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节， 进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必

24、须注意的是， 既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 Within the sentences, the main idea introduces a sentence or introduces Within the sentences, the main idea introduces a sentence or introduces main idea by arousing the readers interests or giving background for the main main idea by arous

25、ing the readers interests or giving background for the main idea. idea. 3. The topic sentence in each paragraph3. The topic sentence in each paragraph 3. a.a.文首文首 提出主题提出主题, , 随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释, , 支撑或发展主题句所表达的支撑或发展主题句所表达的 主题思想主题思想。 At the beginning the author first states his/her At the beginning the

26、author first states his/her main point and then explains and develops that idea.main point and then explains and develops that idea. e.g. e.g. Most Most Americans believe that good emotional health Americans believe that good emotional health is just as important as good physical health. is just as

27、important as good physical health. In fact, in a In fact, in a survey conducted in 1996, the American Psychological survey conducted in 1996, the American Psychological Association (APA) found that 84 percent of Americans Association (APA) found that 84 percent of Americans feel psychological health

28、 is important for overall good feel psychological health is important for overall good healthhealth. . (Unit 2 ir1 Paras. 1.2.3.4.5.7.8.9.10.11.12 (U2P26-27) . How to paraphrase; (U2P26-27) 如何转换如何转换 a.a.（1 1）Paraphrase - Write it in your own Paraphrase - Write it in your own words. It expresses the

29、meaning of (writing, words. It expresses the meaning of (writing, statement) in different words esp. in order to statement) in different words esp. in order to make it easier to understand.make it easier to understand. (2)What to be paraphrased? (2)What to be paraphrased? ( (以下六种情况可以下六种情况可 以被转换。以被转换

30、。) ) 1 1）动词）动词 2 2）形容词）形容词 3 3） 副词副词 4 4） 名词（非专名词（非专 有名词）有名词）5 5）句型）句型 6 6）语态）语态 （3 3）How to paraphrase ?How to paraphrase ? 1 1）使用同义词）使用同义词 2 2）转换词性）转换词性 3 3）转换语态）转换语态 4 4） 句子关系替换句子关系替换 5) 5) 综合综合 5. b. How to paraphrase; (U2 IR1 P27 ) 5. b. How to paraphrase; (U2 IR1 P27 ) 如何转换如何转换 e.g. In some in

31、stances, women e.g. In some instances, women put themselves low on the priority put themselves low on the priority listlist and dont take care of themselves.and dont take care of themselves. 转换转换: In some cases, women dont take care of themselves : In some cases, women dont take care of themselves a

32、s as they think everyone else in the family deserve priority they think everyone else in the family deserve priority attentionattention.(Unit 2 ir1 Para. 11 P25).(Unit 2 ir1 Para. 11 P25) e.g. Weve been told for so long to get physical checkups, but e.g. Weve been told for so long to get physical ch

33、eckups, but taking care of our emotional well-being taking care of our emotional well-being has been solely overlooked. has been solely overlooked. (Unit 2 ir1 Para. 12 P26) (Unit 2 ir1 Para. 12 P26) 转换转换: Since long ago, we have been frequently reminded to have : Since long ago, we have been freque

34、ntly reminded to have physical examinations. However, keeping emotional health physical examinations. However, keeping emotional health has has been entirely ignored.been entirely ignored. 6. Study the new words 6. Study the new words 、phrases and patterns phrases and patterns of the text.of the tex

35、t.（Unit 2 ir1 P24-43Unit 2 ir1 P24-43） 语义理解语义理解(semantic comprehension)(semantic comprehension)的閱讀的閱讀 技巧技巧 ： 6. a.6. a.即利用单词的构词要素词根，前后缀来识即利用单词的构词要素词根，前后缀来识 记单词。记单词。 词根词根是一个单词的根本部分，代表词的基是一个单词的根本部分，代表词的基 本意义本意义; ;前缀前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分，是加在词根或单词前面的部分， 通常也有一定含义通常也有一定含义; ;后缀后缀是加在词根或单词后是加在词根或单词后 面的部分，通常在增面的部分，

36、通常在增 加词义的同时还改变词加词义的同时还改变词 性。通过词根词缀构词的方式有多种，现简单性。通过词根词缀构词的方式有多种，现简单 归纳如下：归纳如下： 6. b. e.g. 6. b. e.g. 前缀前缀+ +词根：词根：inter(inter(间间)+veneintervene()+veneintervene(介入介入) ) 词根词根+ +后缀：后缀：circl(circl(圆圆)+let()+let(小小)circlet()circlet(小环小环) ) 词根词根+ +词根：词根：tele(tele(远远)+scope()+scope(镜镜)telescope()telescope(望

37、望 远镜远镜) ) 前缀前缀+ +词根词根+ +后缀：后缀： in(in(不不)+aud()+aud(听听)+ible()+ible(可可)inaudible()inaudible(听不见听不见) ) 双前缀双前缀+ +词根：词根：re(re(再再)+dis()+dis(取取 下下)+cover()+cover(盖盖)rediscover()rediscover(再发现再发现) ) 词根词根+ +双后缀：双后缀：care(care(用用 心心)+less()+less(不不)+ly()+ly(地地)carelessly()carelessly(不小心地不小心地) ) 前缀前缀+ +双词根：双词

38、根：tri(tri(三三)+gono()+gono(角角)+metry()+metry(测测 量量)trigonometry()trigonometry(三角几何三角几何) ) 双词根双词根+ +后缀：后缀： biblio(biblio(书书)+phil()+phil(爱爱)+ist()+ist(人人)bibliophilist()bibliophilist(书籍爱好者书籍爱好者) ) 双前缀双前缀+ +词根词根+ +后缀：后缀：ir(ir(不不)+re()+re(反反 对对)+sist()+sist(站站)+ibleirresistible()+ibleirresistible(不可抵抗的不

39、可抵抗的) ) 前缀前缀+ +词根词根+ +双后缀：双后缀： se(se(离离)+greg()+greg(群群)+ation+istsegregationist()+ation+istsegregationist(种族隔离主义种族隔离主义 者者) ) 双前缀双前缀+ +词根词根+ +双后缀：双后缀： un(un(不不)+pre()+pre(先先)+ced()+ced(走走)+ent+edunprecedented()+ent+edunprecedented(史无前史无前 例的例的) ) . 6. Study the new words 6. Study the new words 、phras

40、es and patterns of the text.phrases and patterns of the text.（Unit 2 Unit 2 ir1 P24-43ir1 P24-43） 1.the American Psychological Association1.the American Psychological Association（ (APA) (APA) 美国心理协会）美国心理协会）; ; 2. appropriate to 2. appropriate to （合适）（合适）; ; 3. a mental health professional 3. a menta

41、l health professional（心理健康专业人士）（心理健康专业人士）; ; 4. the same way 4. the same way 相同相同; ; 5. not to5. not to（不要太多）（不要太多）; ; 6. turn into 6. turn into （转为）（转为）; ; 7.once in a while7.once in a while（有时；偶尔）（有时；偶尔）; ; 8. overwhelmed by 8. overwhelmed by （以（以压倒）压倒）; ; 9. post-doctoral 9. post-doctoral （博士后）（博

42、士后）; ; 10. according to10. according to根据根据; ; 11. take good care of11. take good care of照顾好照顾好; ; 12. be overwhelmed by 12. be overwhelmed by 受不起受不起; ; 13. physical well-being13. physical well-being身体健康身体健康; ; 14. emotional well-being14. emotional well-being心理健康心理健康; ; 语义理解的閱讀技巧语义理解的閱讀技巧 ： 6. c.6.

43、c.上下文线索上下文线索 利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻 找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归 纳为以下几种：纳为以下几种： 同义定义同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会 对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定 义时，作者常使用一些义时，作者常使用一些信号词信号词， 如：如：is/are(called)is/are(called)， meansmeans，can b

44、e defined ascan be defined as，refer torefer to，is/are known asis/are known as， signifysignify等等。 例：例：Good psychological health Good psychological health means means having the having the mental energy to function well at home, at work and at mental energy to function well at home, at work and at pla

45、y. “It play. “It meansmeans being able to eat, sleep and relax being able to eat, sleep and relax without feeling anxious, depressed or worried.” (U2 without feeling anxious, depressed or worried.” (U2 P25 Para.9 P25)P25 Para.9 P25) 近义复述同一短文近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通中上下毗邻的句子通 常有互释作用，我们可以从上下文的复述常有互释作用，我们可以从上下

46、文的复述 中获取与某一单词相关的信息来中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义猜度词义。 例：例： “Try not to turn a bad day into a “Try not to turn a bad day into a major major catastrophe(catastrophe(灾难灾难) )we all have we all have bad days once in a while.”bad days once in a while.” （U2 IR1 Para.4 P24U2 IR1 Para.4 P24） 反义对照反义对照在表示对照的上下文中，常包含有意在表示

47、对照的上下文中，常包含有意 义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以 互为线索，帮助我们互为线索，帮助我们猜度词义猜度词义。常有以下一些信。常有以下一些信 号号 词：词：althoughalthough，butbut，howeverhowever，thoughthough， whereaswhereas，whilewhile，yetyet，on the contraryon the contrary，on the on the other handother hand等。等。 e.g. Mene.g. Men, , on the other hand

48、on the other hand, have a , have a tendency to ignore signals that something is tendency to ignore signals that something is distressingdistressing them and typically wont talk about them and typically wont talk about their problemstheir problems.” (U2 ir1P25 Para.11 P25).” (U2 ir1P25 Para.11 P25) 搭

49、配集合利用词与词的搭配或搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境该词所出现的语境，我们，我们 也能推知词义的大概轮廓。也能推知词义的大概轮廓。常识常识包括我们的生活经历、包括我们的生活经历、 经验常识以及自己经验常识以及自己专业方面的知识专业方面的知识，在阅读到与自己专业，在阅读到与自己专业 相近的文章时，我们都会感到相对容易，这正是我们的专相近的文章时，我们都会感到相对容易，这正是我们的专 业知识在业知识在 帮我们理解。帮我们理解。 例：例：As part of their professional training, they must As part of their professi

50、onal training, they must complete a complete a supervised clinical internship supervised clinical internship in a hospital in a hospital or organized health setting and at least one year of or organized health setting and at least one year of post-doctoral supervised experience before they can post-

51、doctoral supervised experience before they can practice independently in any health care arena.practice independently in any health care arena. 作为专业培训，他们必须完成一个由医院或卫生组织设置作为专业培训，他们必须完成一个由医院或卫生组织设置 的的监督临床实习监督临床实习和至少一年的博士后监督实践经验，才能和至少一年的博士后监督实践经验，才能 单独在任何的医疗保障领域工作。单独在任何的医疗保障领域工作。（U2 IR1 Para.6 P25U2 IR1

52、 Para.6 P25） 比较举例上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较比较举例上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较 物或列举物之间的共性，我们可根据这些共性来物或列举物之间的共性，我们可根据这些共性来 推知有关词语的意思。推知有关词语的意思。 例：例： Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to(有害的) your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 因果因果与与时间时间。因与果、时间的先与后都是事因与果、时间的先与后都是事 物发展变化过程中的必然关系，在利用上下文物发展变化

53、过程中的必然关系，在利用上下文推推 测词义测词义时，这些关系也至关重要。时，这些关系也至关重要。 例：例： WhenWhen you have good emotion health, you have good emotion health, youre able to experience feelings, share them youre able to experience feelings, share them appropriately and not be appropriately and not be overwhelmedoverwhelmed by them. by

54、them. (U2 ir1 Para. 8 P25)(U2 ir1 Para. 8 P25) 7.7.Grasping the words and phrases about the Grasping the words and phrases about the psychologypsychology(word webbing (word webbing 光盘光盘) ) Expressions you use to Expressions you use to talk about psychology: talk about psychology: a mental problem/a

55、mental problem/ conflict/illnessconflict/illness master/govern ones temper/master/govern ones temper/ feelings/angerfeelings/anger reduce/relieve/pain/hardship/reduce/relieve/pain/hardship/ difficulty/angerdifficulty/anger enhance ones confidence/enhance ones confidence/ self-worth/self-esteemself-w

56、orth/self-esteem Expressions you use to talk aboutExpressions you use to talk about how to handle the psychological how to handle the psychological Problems:Problems: Have a sense of control events.Have a sense of control events. Engage in activities that shiftEngage in activities that shift your attention away from yourself. your attention away from yourself. Understand reality and deal Understand reality and deal with it constructively.with it constructively. II. Grammar II. G