浪漫主义时期的美国文学_课件

1、Company LOGO 浪漫主义时期的美国文学浪漫主义时期的美国文学 Company Logo Contents 2. Introduction to American Transcendentalism 3. Washington Irving 华盛顿华盛顿欧文（欧文（17831859） 4. James Fennimore Cooper 詹姆斯詹姆斯费尼莫尔费尼莫尔库珀（库珀（17891851） 5. William Cullen Bryant 威廉威廉柯伦柯伦布莱恩特（布莱恩特（17941878） 6. Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加埃德加艾伦艾伦坡坡 1. Introduct

2、ion to American Romanticism 7. Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫拉尔夫沃尔多沃尔多爱默生爱默生 8. Henry David Thoreau 亨利亨利大卫大卫梭罗（梭罗（18171862） 9. Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔纳撒尼尔霍桑（霍桑（18041864） 10. Herman Melville 赫尔曼赫尔曼梅尔维尔（梅尔维尔（18191891） 11. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利亨利沃兹沃思沃兹沃思朗费罗朗费罗 12. Walt Whitman沃尔特沃尔特惠特曼惠特曼(May 31, 1819

3、-March 26, 1892) 13. Emily Dickinson 艾米莉艾米莉狄金森（狄金森（18301886） Company Logo 1.1浪漫主义时期（浪漫主义时期（1800-1865） 19世纪初，美国完全摆脱了对英国的依赖，以独立国家的身份进入世界政治舞世纪初，美国完全摆脱了对英国的依赖，以独立国家的身份进入世界政治舞 台。这时期作家们跟英国浪漫主义作家一样，强调文学的想象力和感情色彩，反台。这时期作家们跟英国浪漫主义作家一样，强调文学的想象力和感情色彩，反 对古典主义的形式和观点，歌颂大自然，崇尚个人与普通人的思想感情，并且寻对古典主义的形式和观点，歌颂大自然，崇尚个人与

4、普通人的思想感情，并且寻 根问祖发幽古思情。根问祖发幽古思情。19世纪浪漫主义运动的中心在新英格兰地区，主要表现形式世纪浪漫主义运动的中心在新英格兰地区，主要表现形式 为超验主义，它崇尚直觉，反对理性和权威，强调人有能力凭直觉直接认识真理，为超验主义，它崇尚直觉，反对理性和权威，强调人有能力凭直觉直接认识真理， 人能超越感觉获得知识。人能超越感觉获得知识。 超验主义理论的奠基人是爱默生，他的超验主义理论的奠基人是爱默生，他的论自然论自然曾被称为超验主义理论的曾被称为超验主义理论的 “圣经圣经”。在诗歌方面，新英格兰地区比较出名的诗人有郎费罗，在波士顿有惠。在诗歌方面，新英格兰地区比较出名的诗人

5、有郎费罗，在波士顿有惠 蒂诶，他的长诗蒂诶，他的长诗大雪封门大雪封门被称为被称为“一部优美的新英格兰田园诗一部优美的新英格兰田园诗”，19世纪最世纪最 伟大的美国浪漫主义诗人是惠特曼，伟大的美国浪漫主义诗人是惠特曼，1855年出版的年出版的草叶集草叶集标志着美国文学进标志着美国文学进 入了一个崭新的时代。另一位革新诗人是狄金森，她被誉为美国入了一个崭新的时代。另一位革新诗人是狄金森，她被誉为美国20世纪新诗的先世纪新诗的先 驱。浪漫主义时期两位最重要的小说家是霍桑和梅尔维尔，在浪漫派作家中埃德驱。浪漫主义时期两位最重要的小说家是霍桑和梅尔维尔，在浪漫派作家中埃德 加加爱伦爱伦坡是第一位美国主张

6、为艺术而艺术的人。坡是第一位美国主张为艺术而艺术的人。 Company Logo 1.2 李正栓和吴伟仁对这时期的描述李正栓和吴伟仁对这时期的描述 吴伟仁吴伟仁 李正栓李正栓 The romantic period covers the first half of the nineteenth century. The span 1828 1865 from the Jacksonian era to the Civil War, often identified as the Romantic Period in America, marks the full coming of age o

7、f a distinctively literature. This period is sometimes known as the American Renaissance; it is also sometimes called the Age of Transcendentalism, after the philosophical and literary movement, centered on Emerson, that was dominant in New England In all the major literary genres except drama, writ

8、ers produced works of an originality and excellence not exceeded in later American history. Romantic writers placed increasing value on the free expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters Company Logo 1.3 龙毛忠的描述龙毛忠的描述 1 美国文学中的浪漫主义时代是 指18世纪末期到南北

9、战争爆发 前期的这段时间，因为文学的 勃兴与繁荣，又称“美国文艺 复兴”。华盛顿欧文的见闻 札记（The Sketch Book, 1820）的出版宣告了这一伟大 时代的开始，惠特曼的草叶 集（Leaves of Grass, 1855） 则标志着浪漫主义文学的高峰。 2 牛津美国文学词典对美国浪 漫主义文学的特征作了准确的描 述，即“感伤主义，原始主义， 和对高尚的野蛮人的崇拜， 对自然之美与俭朴生活的讴歌、 内省，对未受文明玷污的普通人 的礼赞，钟情于往昔的田园生活、 边陲远地，复古主义，个人主义， 病态的（morbid） 的忧郁，以及 历史题材的罗曼史。” Company Logo 2

10、Introduction to American Transcendentalism As a philosophical and literary movement, Transcendentalism flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. Transcendentalism was a powerful expression of the intellectual mood of the age, and the ideas it represented have remained a strong influ

11、ence on great American writers from the days of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Walt Whitman to the present . Emersons Nature has been called “the manifesto of American Transcendentalism” and his The American Scholar has been rightly regarded as “Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence”. The featu

12、res of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as follows( 李 正栓，2006：243) : Firstly, the Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the Universe. Secondly, they stressed the importance of the individuals. To them, the individual was the most

13、 important element of the society. Thirdly, they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Company Logo 3 Washington Irving 华盛顿华盛顿欧文欧文 （17831859） Washington Irving fascinating The Sketch Book with two of his most famous stories, Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Ho

14、llow will be placed at the top of any reading list for course on American literature(李正栓，2006：242). Washington Irving was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. In his The Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. His works

15、Life of George Washington 华盛顿传 18551859 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡 谷传奇 The Sketch Book 见闻札 记1820 Rip Van Winkle 瑞 普凡温克尔 Company Logo 4 James Fennimore Cooper 詹姆斯詹姆斯费尼莫尔费尼莫尔库珀（库珀（17891851） His works Leathering- stocking Tales 皮裹皮裹 腿故事集腿故事集 The Last of the Mohicans 最后的莫希干人最后的莫希干人 The Spy间谍间谍 The Pi

16、lot 舵手舵手 The Pioneers 拓荒者拓荒者 The importance of the frontier and the wilderness in American literature is for the first time well-illustrated in Coopers Leathering-stocking Tales and was to remain a major concern for many later authors. Cooper is the first important American novelist. 库珀在美国文学史上开创了三种不

17、同类型的小说：边疆冒险小说拓荒者、革 命历史小说间谍、海上冒险小说舵手。他还创作了欧洲生活三部曲：刺客 （1831）、黑衣教士（1832）、刽子手（1833）。 Company Logo 5 William Cullen Bryant 威廉威廉柯伦柯伦布莱恩特布莱恩特 （17941878） William Cullen Bryant In 1817，the stately poem called Thamatopsis(死亡随想) introduced the best poet to appear in America up to that time . This is William Cu

18、llen Bryant. Apart from his fames as a poet, Bryant merits a reputation as one of the great editors of American journalism. He was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet. To a Waterfowl 致水鸟 Company Logo 6 Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加埃德加艾伦艾伦坡坡 Annabel L安娜贝尔安娜贝尔李李 To Helen 致海论致海论 The Raven 乌鸦乌鸦

19、 The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌 埃德加艾伦坡 被称为 “侦探小说的鼻祖” His representative works Company Logo 7 Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫拉尔夫沃尔多沃尔多爱默生爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson was responsi ble for bringing Transce ndentalis m to New England. He was one of the most influentia l America n thinkers. Emerson believed ab

20、ove all in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance. He admired courage: It was a high counsel that I once heard given to a young person, ”Always do what you are afraid to do.” He was not afraid of changing or clashing ideas: With consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do. Natu

21、re (1836) 论自 然”the manifesto of American Transcendentalism” The American Scholar 美国学者”Declaration of Intellectual Independence” The Divinity School Address 神学院演说 Representative Men 代表人物 English Traits 英国人的特征 The major character of his works is that his unit of thought is generally the sentence rathe

22、r than the paragraph. Some sentences from Self- Reliance:There is a time in every mans education when he arrives at the conviction is ignorant; that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion; that though the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him

23、 but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till. The power which resides in him is new in nature, and none but he knows what that is he can do, nor does he know until he has tried. Trust thyself; every heart vibrates to that iron string. Let a man then knows his w

24、orth, and keep things under his feet. His belief His works quotation postion Company Logo 8 Henry David Thoreau 亨利亨利大卫大卫梭罗梭罗 （18171862） Company Logo 9 Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔纳撒尼尔霍桑霍桑 （18041864） Hawthornes unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of

25、 mans moral nature(吴伟仁，1990：199). Hawthorne shares with Edgar Allan Poe the distinction of advancing the art of the short story, giving to the form qualities that are uniquely American. His representative works Young Goodman Brown 年年 轻的小伙子古德轻的小伙子古德 曼曼布朗布朗 The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇福谷传奇 1852 The Hou

26、se of the Seven Gables 有有 七个尖角阁的七个尖角阁的 房子房子 The Scarlet Letter 红字红字 The Marble Faun 玉石雕像玉石雕像 1860 Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔古屋青苔 1846 a work from Mosses from an Old Manse Company Logo 10 Herman Melville 赫尔曼赫尔曼梅尔维尔梅尔维尔 （18191891） Typee 泰比泰比 Mardi 玛地玛地 Redburn 雷得本雷得本 1849 Omoo 奥姆奥姆 1847 Billy Budd

27、比利比利巴德巴德 Moby Dick 白鲸白鲸 Moby Dick is the masterpiece and cornerstone of Melvilles modern fame. Company Logo 11 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利亨利沃兹沃思沃兹沃思朗费罗（朗费罗（18071882） Longfellow is the most beloved poet of his time. He became a great teacher of the masses and the only American to be honored with a

28、bust in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey. Evangeline Ballads and Other Poems Voices of the Night The Courtship of Miles Standish A Psalm of Life 迈尔迈尔 斯斯斯坦斯坦 纳什的求纳什的求 婚婚 夜吟夜吟 民谣及民谣及 其他其他 伊凡伊凡 吉林吉林 人生人生 礼赞礼赞 His representative works Company Logo 12 Walt Whitman沃尔特沃尔特惠特曼惠特曼 (May 31, 1819-March 26,

29、 1892) Whitman was one of the great innovators in American literature. The poetic style he devised is now called free verse-that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good be

30、longs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. His representative work: Leaves of Grass 草叶集 O Captain! My Captain! 哦，船长！我的船长 Song of Myself 自我之歌 Company Logo O Captain! My Captain! 哦，船长！我的船长 O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done, The ship has weatherd every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel gr