单片机电子琴课程设计报告

1、课程设计报告设计题目 单片机电子琴 专 业 * 班 级 0802 姓 名 * 学 号 * 同组成员 * 指导教师 * 提交日期 2011-05-17 摘要随着社会的发展进步，音乐逐渐成为我们生活中很重要的一部分，有人曾说喜欢音乐的人不会向恶。我们都会抽空欣赏世界名曲，作为对精神的洗礼。本论文设计一个基于单片机的简易电子琴。电子琴是现代电子科技与音乐结合的产物，是一种新型的键盘乐器。它在现代音乐扮演着重要的角色，单片机具有强大的控制功能和灵活的编程实现特性，它已经溶入现代人们的生活中，成为不可替代的一部分。本系统是以51系列单片机at89c51为主控制器，附有矩阵键盘、led显示管、扬声器组成。

2、系统完成显示输入信息、播放相应音符等基本功能。本系统运行稳定，其优点是硬件电路简单，软件功能完善，控制系统可靠，性价比较高等，具有一定的实用和参考价值。关键词：at89c51，矩阵键盘，led显示管，蜂鸣器，1602液晶显示，1307时钟芯片。目录第1章 概述 -4第2章 课程设计任务及要求 -4 2.1 设计任务 -4 2.2 设计要求 -4第3章 系统设计-5 3.1设计方案 -5 3.2 系统设计 -53.2.2 系统流程图 -5 3.2.2 系统原理图 - -73.3 文件程序代码-7 第4章 心得体会-42第1章 概述单片微型计算机是大规模集成电路技术发展的产物，属第四代电子计算机，

3、它具有高性能、高速度、体积小、价格低廉、稳定可靠、应用广泛的特点。它的应用必定导致传统的控制技术从根本上发生变革。因此，单片机的开发应用已成为高科技和工程领域的一项重大课题。 电子琴是现代电子科技与音乐结合的产物，是一种新型的键盘乐器。它在现代音乐扮演着重要的角色，单片机具有强大的控制功能和灵活的编程实现特性，它已经溶入现代人们的生活中，成为不可替代的一部分。本文的主要内容是用单片机为核心控制元件，设计一个电子琴。以单片机作为主控核心，与键盘、扬声器等模块组成核心主控制模块，在主控模块上设有16个按键和扬声器。 本文主要对使用单片机设计简易电子琴进行了分析，并介绍了基于单片机电子琴统硬件组成。

4、利用单片机产生不同频率来获得我们要求的音阶，最终可随意弹奏想要表达的音乐。并且本文分别从原理图，主要芯片，各模块原理及各模块的程序的调试来详细阐述。本系统是简易电子琴的设计，按下键盘矩阵中的按键会使数码管显示当前按键，扬声器播放器对应的音符。通过设计本系统可了解单片机的基本功能。对单片机的了解有一个小的飞跃。第2章 课程设计任务及要求2.1 设计任务 1、任务设计一简易电子琴，要求能够发出1，2，3，4，5，6，7等7个音符，具有一般演奏功能。2.2 设计要求1）具有一般演奏功能，利用所给键盘的1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8八个键，能够发出8个不同的音调，并且要求按下按键发声，松开延时一段时间

5、停止，中间再按别的键则发另一个音调的声音2）具有自动播放已存曲目功能3）显示当前正在播放的歌曲的名称和歌词4）显示北京时间第3章 系统设计3.1设计方案该电路由时钟模块，液晶模块，键盘扫描模块组成。时钟模块：由时钟模块1307实现，能够正确显示北京时间，以及扩展显示星期等等。液晶模块：将时钟模块的信息正确的显示到液晶显示屏上，使用1602的液晶。键盘扫描模块：对十六个按键进行逐次扫描，扫描到前八个按键时，蜂鸣器依次发出1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8的音调声，岸其余按键时，可以跳转到不同的曲目以及液晶模块显示，保留几个按键做以后的扩展用。3.2 系统设计 3.2.1 系统流程图分析各项设计要求后

6、，可绘制如下程序流程图3.2.2 系统原理图3.3 文件程序代码(1). 液晶模块头文件sbit lcd_rs= p36;sbit lcd_rw= p35;sbit lcd_en = p33;sfr lcddata=0x80;void lcdwrite(bit cd,unsigned char input);void lcdwait(unsigned char cishu);void lcddelay();void lcdinitialize();void lcdprintstring(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char *string)

7、;void lcdprintnumber(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char bits,unsigned int number);unsigned char readstate();void lcdinitialize()lcddelay();lcdwrite(0,0x38);lcddelay();lcdwrite(0,0x38);lcddelay();lcdwrite(0,0x38);lcddelay();lcdwrite(0,0x38);lcddelay();lcdwrite(0,0x08);lcddelay();lcdwrite(0

8、,0x01);lcddelay();lcdwrite(0,0x06);lcddelay();lcdwrite(0,0x0c);void lcdwrite(bit cd,unsigned char data)lcdwait(20);lcd_rs=cd;lcd_rw=0;lcd_en=0;lcddata=data;lcd_en=1;lcd_en=0;void lcdprintstring(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char *string)unsigned char address;address=x+(1-y)*0x40+0x80;lcdw

9、rite(0,address);while(*string!=0)lcdwrite(1,*string);string+;void lcdprintnumber(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char weishu,unsigned int number)unsigned char address;unsigned char j,temp5;address=x+(1-y)*0x40+0x80;lcdwrite(0,address);/if(number0)temp0=(number%100000)/10000+48;temp1=(number

10、%10000)/1000+48;temp2=(number%1000)/100+48;temp3=(number%100)/10+48;temp4=number%10+48;for(j=5-weishu;j5;j+)lcdwrite(1,tempj);void lcdwait(unsigned char cishu)unsigned char i;for(i=0;icishu;i+)if(readstate()&0x80)continue;else break; unsigned char readstate()unsigned char temp;p0=0xff;lcd_en=0;lcd_r

11、s=0;lcd_rw=1;lcd_en=1;temp=lcddata;lcd_en=0;return temp; void lcddelay()unsigned int a;for(a=0;a1000;a+); (2).时钟芯片模块头文件void iicdelay(unsigned int times);void iicstart() mde=1; mdo=1; iicdelay(2); mco=1; iicdelay(2); mdo=0; iicdelay(2);void iicstop() mde=1; mdo=0; iicdelay(2); mco=1; iicdelay(2); mdo

12、=1;void iicack() mde=1; mco=0; mdo=0; iicdelay(2); mco=1; iicdelay(2); mco=0; iicdelay(1); mdo=1;void iicnack() mde=1; /mco=0; mdo=1; iicdelay(2); mco=1; iicdelay(2); mco=0; bit iicreadack() bit ack; mco = 0; iicdelay(2); mde=1; mdo=1; mco=1; iicdelay(2); mde=0; ack=mdi; mco=0; return ack; void iicw

13、riteda(unsigned char da) unsigned char i; mde=1; for(i=0;i8;i+) mco=0; iicdelay(0); if(dai)&0x80) mdo=1; else mdo=0; iicdelay(2); mco=1; iicdelay(3); mco=0;unsigned char iicreadda() unsigned char da; int i; da=0; mde=1; mdo=1; mde=0; for(i=0;i8;i+) mco=0; iicdelay(3); mco=1; iicdelay(1); if(mdi=1) d

14、a=da1;da+; else da=da1; mco=0; return da;void iicdelay(unsigned int t) unsigned int i,j; for(i=0;i0;j-);void readtime(unsigned char time7) bit eatemp; unsigned char temp; eatemp=ea;iicstart(); iicwriteda(0xd0); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(0x00); iicreadack(); iicstop(); iicdelay(1); iicstart(); iicwrit

15、eda(0xd1); iicreadack(); time0=iicreadda(); iicack(); time1=iicreadda(); iicack(); time2=iicreadda(); iicack(); time3=iicreadda(); iicack(); time4=iicreadda(); iicack(); time5=iicreadda(); iicack(); time6=iicreadda(); iicnack(); iicstop(); iicdelay(1); time0=(time0&0x7f)4)*10+(time0&0x0f); /second t

16、ime1=(time1&0x7f)4)*10+(time1&0x0f); /minute if(time2&0x40) if(time2&0x20)temp=0x80;else temp=0x40; time2=(time2&0x1f)4)*10+(time2&0x0f); /hour time2|=temp; else time2=(time2&0x3f)4)*10+(time2&0x0f); time3=time3&0x07; /week time4=(time4&0x3f)4)*10+(time4&0x0f); /date time5=(time5&0x1f)4)*10+(time5&0

17、x0f); /month time6=(time64)*10+(time6&0x0f); /year ea=eatemp;void settime(unsigned char time7) bit eatemp; unsigned char temp=0; unsigned char timetemp7; eatemp=ea; for(temp=0;temp7;temp+)timetemptemp=timetemp; temp=0; timetemp6=(timetemp6/10)4)+(timetemp6%10); timetemp5=(timetemp5/10)4)+(timetemp5%

18、10); timetemp4=(timetemp4/10)4)+(timetemp4%10); timetemp3=(timetemp3/10)4)+(timetemp3%10); if(timetemp2&0xc0)=0x00) timetemp2=(timetemp2/10)4)+(timetemp2%10); else if(timetemp2&0xc0)=0x01)temp=0x40;else temp=0x60; timetemp2&=0x3f; timetemp2=(timetemp2/10)4)+(timetemp2%10); timetemp2|=temp; timetemp1

19、=(timetemp1/10)4)+(timetemp1%10); timetemp0=(timetemp0/10)4)+(timetemp0%10); timetemp0&=0x7f; iicstart(); iicwriteda(0xd0); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(0x00); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(timetemp0); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(timetemp1); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(timetemp2); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(timetemp

20、3); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(timetemp4); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(timetemp5); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(timetemp6); iicreadack(); iicstop(); iicdelay(1); ea=eatemp; void switchrtc(unsigned char switch) unsigned char temp; bit eatemp; eatemp=ea; iicstart(); iicwriteda(0xd0); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(0

21、x00); iicreadack(); iicstop(); /iicdelay(1); iicstart(); iicwriteda(0xd1); iicreadack(); temp=iicreadda(); iicnack(); iicstop(); /iicdelay(1); if(switch)temp&=0x7f; else temp|=0x80; iicstart(); iicwriteda(0xd0); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(0x00); iicreadack(); iicwriteda(temp); iicreadack(); iicstop();

22、 /iicdelay(1);ea=eatemp;(3) 主体程序#include#include #include#includesbit lie0=p23;sbit lie1=p22;sbit lie2=p21;sbit lie3=p20;sbit pwm1=p26;unsigned char temp;unsigned char key;unsigned char sth0,stl0;unsigned char jishi=0;unsigned char n=0; /n为节拍常数变量 unsigned char a7=00,59,19,3,4,8,10;unsigned char b7;

23、void delay1s(void)unsigned char i,k;for(k=100;k0;k-)for(i=100;i0;i-);/*定时器0中断*/void timer0(void) interrupt 1 th0=sth0; tl0=stl0; pwm1=pwm1; /*定时器1中断*/void int0() interrupt 3 /采用中断3 控制节拍 节拍延时 th1=0xd8; tl1=0xef; n-; /*定时器2中断*/void int1() interrupt 5 /采用中断3 控制节拍 节拍延时 th2=0xd8; tl2=0xef; n-; void delay

24、 (unsigned char m) /控制频率延时 unsigned i=3*m; while(-i); void delayms(unsigned char a) /豪秒延时子程序 while(-a); /采用while(-a) 不要采用while(a-); 各位可编译一下看看汇编结果就知道了! unsigned int code tab=0xfc43,0xfd08,0,0,0xfd08,0xfd32,0,0,0xfd81,0xfdc7,0,0,0xfe05,0xfe21,0,0,;/*unsigned char code table=0x03,0x9f,0x25,0x0d,0x99,0x

25、49,0x41,0x1f,0x01,0x09,0x11,0xc1,0x63,0x85,0x61,0x71,0xff; */unsigned char code music_tab_1= /*1*/0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x19,0x10,0x20,0x30,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x1c,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x

26、30,0x20,0x2b,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x2b,0x60,/*2*/0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x19,0x10,0x20,0x30,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x

27、10,0x1c,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x2b,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x2b,0x60,/11767112377550x30,0x40,0x18,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x2b,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,/632211170x1c

28、,0x20,0x13,0x10,0x15,0x10,0x15,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x40,0x18,0x20,0x19,0x20,/67112377550x1c,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x15,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,/6322110x1c,0x20,0x13,0x10,0x15,0x10,0x15,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x60,/000000x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,

29、0x01,0x60,/1155555 5777550x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x19,0x10,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,/555565111120x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x0e,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x15,0x10, /32443324430x13,0x20,0

30、x15,0x10,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,/324430x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,/55110x10,0x40,0x10,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,/555555777550x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x19,0x10,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x1

31、0,0x20,0x10,/555565111120x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x0e,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x15,0x10,/32443321710x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x18,0x60,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,/第二次 /*3*/0x20,0x20,0x20,

32、0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x19,0x10,0x20,0x30,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x1c,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x2b,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x2b,

33、0x60,/*4*/0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x19,0x10,0x20,0x30,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x1c,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x2b,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x01,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x24,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x10,

34、0x2b,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x2b,0x60,/11767112377550x30,0x40,0x18,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x2b,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,/632211170x1c,0x20,0x13,0x10,0x15,0x10,0x15,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x40,0x18,0x20,0x19,0x20,/67112377550x1c,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x18,0

35、x10,0x18,0x20,0x15,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,/6322110x1c,0x20,0x13,0x10,0x15,0x10,0x15,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x60,/335350x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x60,/1155555 5777550x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x19,0x1

36、0,0x19,0x10,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,/555565111120x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x0e,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x15,0x10, /32443324430x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,/324430x13,0x20,0x15,0x1

37、0,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,/55110x10,0x40,0x10,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,/555555777550x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x19,0x10,0x19,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,/555565111120x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x0e,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20

38、,0x18,0x10,0x15,0x10,/32443321710x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x13,0x20,0x15,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x19,0x10,0x18,0x60,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,/结尾/3217121334233420x13,0x20,0x15,0x20,0x18,0x30,0x19,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x15,0x10,0x18,0x40,0x13,0x40,0x13,0x40,0x12,0x40,0x15,0x40,0x01,0x40

39、,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x40,0x01,0x60,0x00; unsigned char code music_tab_2= 0x10,0x03, 0x11,0x03, 0x15,0x66, 0x11,0x03, 0x15,0x02,0x17,0x02, 0x11,0x01, 0x0d,0x02, 0x0d,0x02, 0x10,0x66,0x0f,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x0f,0x15, 0x0d,0x03,0x0d,0x03, 0x0e,0x66, 0x0d,0x03, 0x0e,0x03, 0x15,0x66,0x0d,

40、0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x11,0x66,0x0e,0x03, 0x0e,0x02, 0x11,0x02, 0x11,0x15, 0x10,0x03,0x11,0x03, 0x15,0x66, 0x11,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x17,0x02,0x11,0x15, 0x0d,0x03, 0x0d,0x03, 0x10,0x66, 0x0f,0x03,0x10,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x0f,0x01, 0x0d,0x03, 0x0e,0x02,0x15,0x03, 0x11,0x03, 0x11,0x02, 0x

41、15,0x02, 0x16,0x03,0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x15,0x16, 0x15,0x02, 0x11,0x03,0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x11,0x02, 0x0f,0x02, 0x10,0x15,0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x66, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x02,0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x15, 0x0f,0x03, 0x0f,0x03, 0x15,0x03,0x11,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x15, 0x10,0x03,0x11,0x03,

42、0x15,0x02, 0x11,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03,0x15,0x66, 0x0f,0x03, 0x0f,0x16, 0x18,0x02, 0x17,0x02,0x16,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x17,0x00, 0x17,0x02, 0x1a,0x01,0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x02,0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03,0x19,0x02, 0x17,0x15, 0x17,0x02, 0x1a,0x0

43、1, 0x19,0x01,0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02,0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x11,0x02, 0x10,0x01,0x00,0x00; void main(void) unsigned char p,m; /m为频率常数变量 unsigned char i=0; tmod=0x11; ie=0xaa; th1=0xd8; tl1=0xef; th2=0xd8; tl2=0xef; p2=0xe0; p3=0x0f; i2ccon=0xe8; settime(a); s

44、witchrtc(1); lcdinitialize();while(1)p1=0xf0;p2=0xff;lie0=0;temp=p1;temp=temp & 0x0f;if (temp!=0x0f) delay1s(); temp=p1; temp=temp & 0x0f; if (temp!=0x0f) temp=p1; temp=temp & 0x0f; switch(temp) case 0x0e: key=0; break; case 0x0d: key=4; break; case 0x0b: key=8; break; case 0x07: key=12; break; p0=tabkey; sth0=tabkey/256; stl0=tabkey%256; tr0=1;temp=temp&0x0f;while(temp!=0x0f) temp=p1; temp=temp&0x0f;tr0=0; p1=0xf0;p2=0xff;lie1=0;temp=p1;temp=temp & 0x0f;if (temp!=0x0f) delay1s(); temp=p1; temp=t