大学美术史复习资料、小抄

1、1. 秦兵马俑：是秦始皇陪葬品，位于陕西临潼，其中最大的一号坑总面积12600平方米。按1、2、3号坑出土的兵马俑排列形式复原，应有武士俑七千多个，驷马战车一百余辆，战马一百余匹。这些兵马俑与真人等大，体现了秦削平六国的强大威势。兵马俑是用现实生活为基础的创造，手法细腻明快。陶俑具有鲜明的个性强烈的时代特征，兵马俑是塑造艺术的宝库，展现了中华民族厚重博大的历史文化底蕴，更是人类文化历史中一道亮丽的风景，震惊了世界为古代历史增添了异彩。2. 魏晋南北朝石窟：第一阶段。以敦煌石窟、炳灵寺石窟、麦积山石窟为雄伟和威严之感，印度和西域风格甚浓。第二阶段（北魏前期）。以云冈石窟造像为代表朴拙粗犷，博大恢

2、宏具备北魏风格。第三阶段（北魏后期）。以洛阳龙门宾阳洞造像为代表。面向清秀神采飘逸的造像。第四阶段。以河北响堂山，山西天龙山等处的石窟的北齐造像为代表。敦实沉稳的力量感，质朴亲近的世俗感。3六法：六法论出自中国画史上第一部品评古代画家和绘画的专著南朝齐谢赫的画品。六法为：一气韵生动，二骨法用笔，三应物象形，四随类赋彩，五经营位置，六位移摹写。自六法论提出后，中国古代绘画进入了理论自觉的时期。后代画家始终把六法作为衡量绘画成败高下的标准。从南朝到现代，六法被运用着、充实着、发展着，从而成为中国古代美术理论最具稳定性、最有涵括力的原则之一。六法是1500年来品评绘画的最高准则。4 . 吴道子：唐代

3、著名画家，画史尊称吴生，阳翟（今河南禹州）人。吴道子在用笔技法上，创造了一种波折起伏，错落有致的纯线条式的描法。用这种描法画人物的衣袖、飘带具有迎风起舞的动势，故有“吴带当风”之称。吴道子在用色方面是傅彩于焦墨痕中，略施微染，以线条为主，略加色彩的渲染，使形象有一定立体感。5. 徐黄体异：五代花鸟正式形成不同流派，不同风格以黄荃代表的黄家富贵和以徐熙代表的徐熙野逸体。黄荃的绘画以其特有的艳丽的辉煌深得皇宗赏识，徐熙手法与黄荃迥异，先以墨定其叶蕊萼等，然后赋色笔不碍色，色不掩笔，形成一种特殊风格，被誉为徐熙野逸，徐黄二派相应生辉，对以后中国画发展产生了深远影响。6 历代名画记：历代名画记作者张彦

4、远，成书时间是唐大中元年（公元847年），是我国第一部系统完整的关于绘画艺术的通史。全书十卷，可分为对绘画历史发展的评述与绘画理论的阐述、有关鉴识收藏方面的叙述、370 余名画家传记三部分这部著作总结了前人的绘画美术思想，又系统的提出了自己的绘画美学见解，因此也是我国历史上最早的一部绘画百科全书。7. 文人画：中国传统绘画重要的风格流派，在创作上强调个性表现和诗书画印等多种艺术的结合。作者多属具有深厚文化修养的文人士大夫。文人画的称谓最早由董其昌提出，并对其历史传承关系做初步的阐述，文人画自王佑丞始，其后董源、巨然、李成、范宽为嫡子。王晋卿、米南宫及虎儿皆从董巨得来，直至元四家，王叔明、倪元林

5、、吴仲至皆其正传，吾朝文沈则本淡设色。作品以长卷形式采用散点透视构图法生动记录了城市生活的面貌。画中人物815人，衣着不同神采各异运接衣钵。8. 清明上河图：作者北京画家张泽瑞，此画是描绘北京市井生活的鸿篇巨制，绢，构图疏密有致，注重节奏感和韵律变化，笔墨章法巧妙。画面从郊外向城内展开，画者还把一些戏剧性的情节凑到可以看到几个鲜明的艺术特征，第一，内容丰富，表现手法上以三点构图法摄取所需景物，第二，结构严谨反而不乱，长而不冗段落分明，第三，在技法上大手笔与精细的手笔相结合，善于选择即具有形象性和富于生情画意，又具有本一起，增加了繁华气氛，进入市内繁华区更是让人应接不暇。从图中质特征的事物场面及

6、情节加以表现。9. 吴门四家：指沈周、文徵明、唐寅、仇英四位明代画家。“吴门四家”中沈周与文徵明，是吴门派文人画最突出的代表。他们都在江苏苏州从事绘画活动。因苏州古为吴地，故又称、沈、文、唐、仇为“吴门四家”。吴门画派画风以标士气、精笔墨、尚意趣为目标，艺术上致力于安静典雅，蕴藉风流的风格，进而体现自得其乐的精神生活。10 海上画派（沪派）：海上画派又称沪派、海派，一般指的是发生于十九世纪中叶至二十世纪初期时，一群画家活跃于上海地区，并从事绘画创作的风尚，海派画风已英。沈、文继宋承元，综合诸家之长，保留原画特色较多，而唐、仇由于师承的关系，保留宋画传统较多。吴门画派画风以标士气、精笔墨、尚意趣

7、为目标，艺术上致力于安静曲雅，蕴藉风流的风格，进而体现自得其乐的精神生活。接近职业性与专业性的画作，并是颇有现实性的题材，包括传统人文精神的形式，代表人物有赵之谦，任伯年，吴昌硕，蒲华等。11. 扬州画派：1清朝中期活跃于扬人生观和艺术观，都重视诗文书画修养，强调面向现实。3艺术创作上重个性，提倡风格独创，州地区的画家组成的画派。2他们有相近的主张自立门户。12六种炼铜的配方13.宋代绘画：14.最早的瓷器在商代15人物龙凤图人物御龙图长沙战国楚墓出土。16.winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-f

8、inal win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort i

9、n their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted th

10、e most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the l

11、ine this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the matc

12、h tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, pre

13、sident of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing ne

14、ws: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attache

15、d, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into th

16、e stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when

17、they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tourname

18、nt.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands b