自考《英语写作》常用句式

1、自考英语写作常用句式好的文章必须文字连贯，层次清楚，句式富于变化，这些都需要通过句子来实现，因此，句子好坏直接决定文章的成败。闪光的句子便成为考生写作的必备条件。下面汇集了多种用途的经典句式，有文章结构方面的，包括：开头、结尾、过渡、转折、对比等；还有功能型的，包括：描述、说明、举例、预测、建议等；掌握这些句式，可以很好地为考生解决文章的架构问题，以及上下文衔接过渡问题，使你的表达能力有效提升。一、段首句a. 常用句式1. 谈论热点问题_已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。_ has become a hot topic among people, especial

2、ly among the young and heated debates are right on their way.如今，有一场关于问题的公开的(普遍的)讨论。 there is a public / general discussion nowadays as to the problem / issue of. 近来，的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。recently the issue / problem / question / of. has been brought to public attention among the general public. 人们热烈讨论的话题之一

3、就是。one of the hottest topics many people talk about now is. “为什么?”“能?”在我所听到的诸多抱怨(辩论、问题)中，这个是最经常被提及的。why.? / can. ? of all the complaints / debate / questions i have heard, this is the one most frequently uttered / voiced.2. 谈论某事的重要性随着的快速增长，在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。with the rapid growth / development of. , .

4、have / has become increasingly important in our daily life.随着在中的作用日益重要，越来越多的。with. playing an increasingly big role in. , more and more. 如今越来越多的人开始意识到。now people in growing / significant numbers are beginning / coming to realize /accept / aware that.如今，人们越来越意识到的必要性。now there is a growing awareness /

5、 recognition of the necessity to.对我们来说，已经变得很明显。it has become apparent to us that. 经过许多年的努力热衷于多年之后，人们开始。 after a good many years of efforts to / enthusiasm for. , people begin to.每当看到(发现)的时候，你会不禁为所震动(惊讶)对留下印象。 whenever you see / find. , you cant help being struck / surprised / astonished/ impressed b

6、y / at.3.谈论不好/不利的事物我们国家 (社会、世界) 今天面临的严重的(紧迫的、有趣的)问题之是。one of the burning / pressing / interesting questions / problems facing / confronting our nation / society / world today is. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题_，这个问题变得越来越严重。man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and more serious.普遍认为，没有什么能比更愚蠢 (危险、不

7、合时宜、基本、有必要)没有什么能如观点这样愚蠢 (危险、不合时宜、基本、有必要)。nothing / few things / no idea is / are more / as foolish/dangerous / undesirable / basic / essential than / as. which is widely / commonly / generally held by.4. 谈论既有利又有弊的事物_在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。_ has been playing an increasingly imp

8、ortant role in our day-to-day life. it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.任何事物都是有两面性，_也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.如同硬币有正反面一样，也有积极的一面和消极的一面。like a coin has two sides, ther

9、e is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to. 5. 表明人们对某事物有两类对立的观点关于_人们有不同的观点。一些人认为_there are different opinions among people as to _ . some people suggest that _.关于_人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)_，在他们看来，_peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. some people say that _.to them，_.对于的观点因人而异。有人想当然的认为。

10、相反，有人则认为。different people have different ideas about. some people take it for granted that. on the contrary, some other people think. 当提及时，有人认为；但是其他人认为when it comes to. , some people think / believe. . but others consider _when _ is mentioned _ , most people believe that _ , but other people would r

11、ather think _ .当被问及时，多数人认为(回答)。但是其他人认为。when asked about. , the vast majority of people say / believe / answer that. but others regard. when asked about _ ， many people give their opinions that _ ， but other people may say _ .随着越来越多的人加入它的行列，这一现象已经在全国引起了巨大反响。然而人们对此的观点却迥然相异。反对者认为，而另一方面，支持者则宣称。this case

12、 has aroused echoes throughout the country with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. those who criticize / oppose /object to / are against., argue / hold that. , but people who advocate / favor / are for. , on the other hand, maintain / assert / claim that.6. agre

13、e表个人观点：同意或支持某观点俗话说(常言道)，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。there is an old saying_. its the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.one of the greatest writers once said that _ . now ， it still has its significant realistic values .我同意上述观点, 原因如下.my opinion is the sa

14、me as theirs in the following reasons.i totally agree with the above statement that _ . the reasons are presented below.as far as i am concerned / in my point of view, i agree that _ . this can be expressed as follows.我个人更倾向于b观点。personally, i prefer b. i think b has more advantages.despite the fact

15、that most people prefer a, i would like to choose b because of the following reasons.不管怎样，我同意anyway，i agree with the idea of7. disagree表个人观点：不同意或对某观点持怀疑态度如今，人们普遍认为，但是我怀疑。nowadays, it is widely / generally believed / thought that. , but i wonder/doubt that.many people argue as if it is a general trut

16、h that _ . but to be frank, i cannot agree with them for the flowing reasonsnow ， it is widely believed that _ . these people think _ . but i wonder if _ .最近，人们经常说，但事实真的是这样吗？recently, we often hear about _ . but is it？these days ， it is often heard about _ . but is this really the truth ？we are ofte

17、n shown / told these days that. but is this really the case?8. 谈图表数据根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出_.很显然_，但是为什么呢?according to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that_ while. obviously，_，but why?b. 写作技巧1. 开头万能公式一：靠名人名言 、常识有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤

18、其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：a proverb says： 有句谚语说：/ as the proverb says： 如谚语说：a proverb says， “ you are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)as everyone knows / everybody knows that 每个人都知道generally speaking 一般说来it can be easily proved that 很容易证明it

19、 goes without saying that 不用说 it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)there is no doubt that 无疑it is quite clear thatbecause 很明显，因为it is often said that 人们常说many people often ask this question： 许多人常问这个问题：it is true that 是真实的no one can deny that 谁也不能否认we must recognize that 我

20、们必须承认we have reasons to believe that 我们有理由相信now that we know that 既然我们知道2. 开头万能公式二：靠数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：according to a recent survey， about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看

21、起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。travel by bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。five-day work week better than six-day work？根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：a recent statistics shows that 二、中间段落句a常用句式

22、1. 表过渡 、衔接为了了解 / 说明这一点，首先来讨论 / 分析一下。to understand the truth of. , it is necessary to analyze. to get a full appreciation of what / how. , we must / have to turn first to. to illustrate / prove / show this point, let me develop my argument. 除此之外，另外一些方法 (方面)是。besides / in addition to / apart from this

23、, other ways / aspects are. 除此之外，我们还不能忽视moreover, / furthermore, / whats more, we should not neglect that但你或许会问，为什么很重要(有必要)?but, you may ask, why is. important / necessary? 与这个因素密切相关的另一个因素是closely related to / associated with this factor is. 接下来，我们必须考虑的另一因素是next，another factor we must consider is th

24、at在别人看来可能是对的，但我个人并不认为如此，我认为others may find this to be true，but i do not，i believe that2. 表对比对照一方面，；另一方面，。while on the one hand, , on the other hand, . 同样，like / similarly / likewise / in the same way, . . 比较而言(对比起来)，。in comparison / contrast, . 问题可能很严重，但与相比就微不足道了。serious as the problem may be, it pa

25、les/disappears into insignificance by comparison to.当然，与相比，的影响要大(小)的多。indeed / certainly,. plays a more / less important role as / when compared to / with.3. 分析事物的利弊然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，_也有它的不利的一面，象_.however, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, _also has its own disadvantages, such

26、as _.4. 分析原因为什么_.?第一个原因是_.;第二个原因是_.;第三个原因是_.。总的来说，_.的主要原因是由于_.why_? the first reason is that _.the second reason is _.the third is_. for all this， the main cause of _due to _.现在，_，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，_;其次，_.更为糟糕的是_.today， _， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. first， _ second，_. wh

27、at makes things worse is that_.每个人都注意到，最主要的原因是the main reason that can be seen by everyone is that 但是，我认为这不是解决_的好方法，比如_.最糟糕的是_.but i dont think it is a very good way to solve _.for example，_.worst of all，_.5. 分析解决问题的方法措施有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以_.。而且_，最重要的是_.there are several measures for us to adopt. fi

28、rst， we can_ whats more， _.most important of all_.面临_.，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来_.。一方面_.，另一方面，_.confronted with_，we should take a series of effective measures to_. for one thing，_for another，_早就应该拿出行动了。比如说_.，另外_.。所有这些方法肯定会_.。it is high time that something was done about it. for example. _.in addition._.all

29、these measures will certainly_.b写作技巧（文章主体段落三大杀手锏）1. 举实例思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！in order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible simulative factor in making ads， such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human

30、performance. for instance, to advertise a certain food， advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：to take as an example， one example is， another example is， for example2. 做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；世界

31、上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语：相似的比较：in comparison， likewise， similarly， in the same manner相反的比较：on the other hand， conversely， whereas， while， instead， nevertheless， in contrast， on the contrary， compared with ， 3. 换言之没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多

32、一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 i love you！i am enthusiastic about you. that is to say， i love you.i am wild about you. in other words， i have fallen in love with you.或者上面我们举过的例子：i cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：i cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：i cannot bear it. that is to say， i cannot p

33、ut up with it or i am fed up with it.更多短语：in more difficult language， in simpler words， put it more simply 三、结尾句a常用句式1. 得出结论综上所述，我们能得出如下结论_from what has been discussed above， we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that _.考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以得出结论_taking into account (judging from) all these factors, we

34、 may safely reach (come to) the conclusion that _因此，不难得出以下结论therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that.比较一下优缺点，结论就不言而喻了。when the advantages and disadvantages are compared / weighed, the most striking conclusion / finding is quite obvious / self-evident. 事实已经审查，利弊已经权衡，偏见已经抛弃，不难得出这个结论，

35、那就是_when the facts are examined， its advantages and disadvantages weighed， and biased opinion cast away， it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that _.2. 再次强调个人观点总而言之，我相信_，只要_我们就能_，正如古语说的好_.in conclusion， i believe that _. we can _ only if _， just as a proverb says _.一言避之，整个社会应该密切关注_问题。只有这样，我们才能

36、_in a word， the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of _. only in this way can _ in future.就来讲我，我认为_是合理的。只有这样做，我们才能_for my part， i think it reasonable to _. only in this way can we _.因此，这就是我们为什么必须thus，this is the reason why we must 3. 强调问题的重要性 / 紧迫性显然，如果我们忽略了这个问题，很有可能会陷入危险境地。obvi

37、ously, if we ignore the problem, chances are good that., will be put in danger.该是立即结束这一不合时宜的(不健康的)现象(趋势)的时候了。it is time that we put an immediate end to the undesirable / unhealthy phenomenon / tendency of.毫无疑问我们应当充分(马上、特别)关心问题。there is no doubt / denying that adequate / immediate / special attention

38、 must be paid to the problem of.总之，全社会都应该密切关注，只有这样将来才能。in a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of. only in this way can., in the future. 4. 呼吁采取措施去解决问题 总而言之，我们离不开_但是同时我们必须尽力找出解决可能出现问题的新办法。all in all， we cannot live without_. but at the same time we must try to find out

39、 new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.是到_的时候了，这是一些可能立即实行的措施。it is high time that_. here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately.人们开始意识到_的重要性，他们已经开始尽最大努力_我们相信_people are coming to realize to the importance of _. they have begun to try their best to _. we believe that_.

40、随着社会的进步，_因此，_变的十分紧迫和必须。如果人人都为社会贡献自己的力量，社会将会越来越美好。with the development of society， _. so its urgent and necessary to _. if every member is willing to contribute himself to the society， it will be better and better.确实，有些困难我们无法克服，但如果我们能够的话，。to be sure, there may be difficulties we cannot overcome, but

41、if we. b写作技巧1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：obviously(此为过渡短语)， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多句型：thus， it

42、can be concluded that， therefore， we can find that；to sum up； in conclusion； in brief；in a word；2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 / 希望 / 憧憬如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！obviously， it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自

43、己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：accordingly， i recommend that some measures be taken.consequently， to solve the problem， some measures should be taken. 蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀

44、薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇

45、蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅

46、葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节

47、莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀

48、芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇

49、蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄

50、薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿

51、蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇

52、蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄

53、莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁

54、莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿

55、蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈蝿莇蚄袇螈肇蒇螃螇腿蚂虿袆芁蒅薄袅莄芈袃袄肃蒄衿袃芆芆螅袃莈薂蚁袂肇莅薇袁膀薀袆袀节莃螂罿莄薈蚈羈肄莁薄羇膆薇蒀羇荿莀袈羆肈蚅螄羅膁蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅肂肅艿螁肁膇蒄蚇肁芀芇薃肀聿蒃蕿聿膁莆袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅膅膈莂袄膅芀薈螀膄莃莀蚆膃膂薆蚂蝿芅葿薈