2013湖南初中英语阅读理解专练四

1、初中英语阅读300篇基础卷p98-p127P98 (1)Life on the earth depends on the sun. Day after day, we see its light and feel its warmth. The sun is far away from the earth. It is ninety-three million miles away from the earth. The sun is a large star. The earth is very small among its planets. Every day the sun sends

2、 out a great deal of heat and makes us feel hot. But we receive only a small part of the heat, because the sun is so far away from us and its heat loses more of its energy when it reaches the earth. We also receive a very small part of its light. This is enough for the growth of trees, plants, and h

3、umans. On the other hand, much heat and light would be harmful to them. The heat and light from the sun come in just the right quantities for life on the earth. 地球上的生命依赖于太阳。日复一日，我们看到太阳的光芒，感受它的温暖。太阳距离地球很遥远。太阳相距地球九千三百万英里。 太阳是一个大星球。地球在行星中是非常小的。每天太阳散发出巨大的热能，使我们感受了热量。但我们只得到了一小部分的热能，因为太阳离我们太遥远，当它的能量到达地球时已

4、失去了大部分。我们也获得了它的一小部分光亮。这对树木生长，植物生长和人类生长已经足够。从另一方面说，过分的光和热将是对他们有害的。发自太阳的光和热满足了地球上的生命所需。P99 (2)The people on earth belong to many different counties. We speak many different languages and have different ideas. But we are all people born on the earth. All of us live and die on this planet. We have never

5、 known any other home. Men believed for thousands of years that the earth was the center of everything. They believed the sun and stars moved around us. The old ideas of men should not surprise us. Most of us only believe what we see. Many years passed, and then people knew that ours is only a very

6、small part of a great universe (巨大的宇宙), and the earth is moving around the sun. What do we know about the place of our earth in space? We know that the earth is one of nine planets moving around the sun. We call the family of the sun and its planets the solar system (太阳系). 地球上的人们属于不同的国家。我们说多种不同的语言，有

7、着不同的想法。不过，我们都是在地球上出生的人。我们大家都在这个星球上生活和死亡。我们从来不知道任何其他的发源地。 几千年来，先人们只相信地球是一切事物的中心。他们认为，太阳和星星围绕着我们转动。 先人们的旧思想不应使我们感到惊讶。我们大多数人只相信我们所看到的。许多年过去了，人们逐渐知道了，我们的星球是巨大的宇宙中的非常小的一部分，地球正在围绕太阳转动。 我们了解了我们的地球在太空中的位置是什么情况呢？ 我们知道，地球是围绕太阳运动的九大行星之一。我们称作太阳家族和太阳系行星。 P99 (3)You speak, write a letter, make a telephone. You wo

8、rds carry a message. People communicate (交流、交际) with words. Do you think you can communicate without words? A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you raise your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask a q

9、uestion. You shake you head, and people know you are saying ”No”. You nod and people know you are saying “Yes”. Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the lab. Sign on doors te

10、ll you where to go in or out. Have you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you get messages from them all the time?People can communicate in many other ways. An artist can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, about the blue sea and many other things. Books a

11、re written to tell you about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books, magazines, TV and radio and films all help us to communicate with others. They all help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about. 你说话，写信，打电话。你的言语传

12、递着信息。人们使用言语交流。 你认为没有言语可以交流吗？在你脸上的笑容表示你是友好的幸福的。在你眼里的泪水告诉别人你是悲伤的。当你在课堂上举起手，老师知道你想说什么或提问题。你摇头，人们知道你是说“不”。你点头，人们知道你是说“是”。 其他事物也可以传递信息。例如，一块公共汽车站牌帮助你了解乘坐哪路车。 一块学校墙壁上指示牌帮助你找到实验室。门上牌子告诉你哪里是入口和出口。你有没有注意到，在你周围有很多示意牌，并且你一直从那里获得信息？ 人们可以用许多其他方式沟通。一个艺术家可以用他的画表现秀美的山川，蓝色的大海和其他许多东西。书籍是写出来告诉你，有关世界上所有美好的事物，也有关人和他们的想法

13、。 书籍，杂志，电视，广播和电影都有助于我们与他人沟通。这些都有助于我们了解世界上正在发生什么事情，了解其他人都在思考什么。P100 (4) The computer is fast, and never makes a mistake, while people are too slow and full of mistakes sometimes. That is what people often say when they talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, engineers have been making

14、better computers. Now a computer can do a lot of everyday jobs wonderfully. It is widely used in factories, hospitals and banks. A computer can report, decide and control (控制) in almost every field. Many computer scientists are now thinking of making the computer “think” like a man. With the help of

15、 a person, a computer can draw pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, recognize (辨认) voices, translate (翻译) languages and so on (等等). Perhaps computers will one day really think and feel. Do you think that people will be afraid when they find that the computer is too clever to listen t

16、o and serve the people? 计算机速度快，从不犯错，而人工很慢，有时错误百出。这也就是人们谈论计算机时通常所说的。 在过去的四分之一个世纪，工程师们一直在做出更好的计算机。现在，计算机能够出色地完成大量的日常工作。它广泛应用于工厂，医院和银行。一台计算机可以报告，决定和控制几乎所有领域。许多计算机科学家正在研制电脑像人一样“思考”。 在人的操控下，计算机可以画画，写音乐，与人交谈，玩象棋，辨认声音，翻译语言等等。也许有一天计算机真的会思考，真的有感觉。当人们发现电脑非常聪明地听取和服务于人的时候，你认为人们会害怕吗？P101 (5)What time is it? Ther

17、e are many ways you can find out the time. You may have a watch. You can look at a clock on the wall. You can listen to the radio or call a number on telephone to get the time. It has not always been easy to know the time. A long time ago people looked at the sun to tell the time. They could tell th

18、e time of day by looking at the sun in the sky: morning, noon or afternoon. Around the year1.400, people began to use the hourglass. It was made of glass with some sand in it. It was wide at both ends, but narrow in the middle. The sand ran from one end to the other in one hour. At the end of every

19、day hour people turned the glass over and began again. Hundreds of years later a machine called clock was invented. After that, people made small clocks so that they could carry them in their pockets. Very small clocks were called watches. Then, during Would War I men started wearing their watches.

20、It was easier and faster to tell the time. Now almost everyone wears a watch. 现在是什么时间？有很多方法可以得知时间。你可能有一个手表。你可以看看墙上的时钟。你可以收听电台或拨打电话号码，以获取想要知道的时间。 它并不总是容易的知道时间。很久以前人们观察太阳以确定时间。他们通过观察太阳在天空中位置来确定一天的时间：早晨，中午或下午。 大约在公元1400年，人们开始使用沙漏。沙漏是由装有一些沙子的玻璃容器组成。容器两端宽大，而中间狭窄。沙子从一端移动到另一端需1个小时。在每个小时结束时人们把玻璃容器翻过来，又重新开始了

21、。 几百年后被称为时钟的机器发明了。在此之后，人们使用小小的时钟，放在口袋里以便携带。非常小的时钟被称为手表。然后，在第一次世界大战期间男子开始戴手表。这样更简便，更快速地得知时间。现在，几乎每个人都戴着手表。 P102 (6)Some people have very good memories, and can easily learn quite long poems by hearts. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them over and over. Charles

22、Dickens, the famous English writer, said that he could walk down any long street in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had passed. Many great men of world have had wonderful memories. A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by rememberi

23、ng what he hears when he is a small child. Some children-like boys and girls who live in foreign countries with their parents-seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In schools it is not easy to learn a second language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy wit

24、h other subjects as well. The human mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photographs not only of what we see but of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photograph with a camera, there is much to do before the photograph is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the

25、some way there is much work to be done before we can make a picture remain forever in the mind. Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us. 有些人有非常好的记忆力，能轻松地记住相当长的诗歌。还有些人，只能记住那些他们说了一遍又一遍的东西。 查尔斯狄更斯，英国著名作家，据说他走过任何一条伦敦大街后就能告诉你他所经过的每一个商店的名字。许多伟人都具有极好的记忆力。 良好的记忆力在学习语言中是有很大帮助的。每个人从小通过记住所听到的学习母语。有

26、些孩子-比如与父母一起在国外生活的男孩和女孩们-似乎学习两种语言几乎与学习一种语言一样轻松。 在学校里学习第二语言是不容易的，因为学生们只有很少的时间用于学习，并且他们也同时忙于其他学科。 人类的心灵很像是一个相机，但是它拍摄照片不仅有我们所看到的东西，还有我们的感觉，听觉，嗅觉和味觉。 记忆是伴随着我们一生的日记。P103 (7)There is nothing more important to life than the sun. Without the sun all living things on the earth would die. The sun is a star. In

27、 the sky, there are thousands of stars like the sun. They are as large as the sun and as hot as the sun. At night, you can see many stars, but in the daytime, you can only see star-the sun. The sun is much nearer to us than any other star. That is why it looks the biggest and brightest of all the st

28、ars. The distance of the sun from the earth is as much as 150 million kilometers. Most of the stars are thousands of light years away from the earth. Do you know the light year? Nothing in the world travels faster than light. It travels 300,000 kilometers a second. And one light year is the distance

29、 that light travels in one year. 对生命而言，没有什么比太阳更重要了。没有太阳，地球上所有的生命都将消失。 太阳是一颗恒星。在天空中，也有成千上万的像太阳的恒星。它们如同太阳一样巨大和灼热。晚上，你可以看到很多星星，但在白天，你只能看到恒星太阳。 太阳比任何其他恒星离我们近。这就是为什么太阳看起来是所有恒星中最大的，最明亮的。从地球到太阳的距离多达150万公里。绝大多数恒星距离地球数千光年。 你知道光年吗？ 世界上再也没有比光速传播得更快了。光每秒传播300，000公里。一光年是光一年时间传播的距离。P104 (8)While you are much safe

30、r inside than out, lightning can strike you even in the home. Heres how to protect you indoors: Stay away from windows. Get out of the shower or bath. Dont touch conductors such as fireplaces and metal pipes. Cherry, was struck by lightning last year while washing her clothes. Lightning entered a wi

31、ndow next to the washing machine, struck her right hand, traveled through her body and finally out of her left arm. “It was as though I was holding a bolt in my hands,” remembered Cherry, who was thrown across the room. Stay off the telephone. It isnt an old wives story-many people have been hurt th

32、rough the telephone lines. It was raining outside while Peter Anderson was on the phone at his house in Florida. “Ban! A bolt hit the building,” he says. “I felt the hair on my arms stand on end, and a lightning hit no through telephone, which was almost blown out of my hand.”Unplug televisions, com

33、puter, etc. Dont just turn them off. It the house is struck, they could be damaged if you keep them plugged in. Try lightning rods if your area is very often hit by lightning. Properly fixed, lightning rods reduced chances of damage to a home and to the people inside it. 虽然你在内部远比外部安全，甚至在屋里雷电仍可以袭击你。以

34、下是你在室内如何保护的方法： 远离窗户。离开浴缸或停止淋浴。 请勿触摸诸如壁炉和金属管子。 去年Cherry洗的衣服的时候，她被闪电击中。雷电闪击了窗口旁边的洗衣机，击到她的右手，穿过她的身体，最后从她的左臂出来。 “这就像我在手里握着一个螺栓，” Cherry记忆犹新 ，她在房间里被扔转过去。 不接电话。 这不是一个年老妻子的故事，许多人已被电话线伤害过。外面下着雨，这时彼得安德森正在位于佛罗里达州的房子打电话。 “班！一个螺栓击中建筑物，“他说。 “一个闪电击穿电话，这几乎是冲开我的手，我感觉手臂上的毛都站直了。 “ 拔掉电视机，电脑等电源。 不要只是将其关闭。房子被雷电击中，如果你让它们

35、插在电源上，它们可能会损坏。 调试避雷针覆盖区域往往会被闪电击中。 恰当固定避雷针，避雷针减少房子和房子里面的人的受损机会。 P106 (9)Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow food. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is becoming dese

36、rts all the time. Scientists may not be able to changes the deserts in time. Why is more and more land becoming deserts? Scientists think that people make deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth. Some places on the earth dont get very much rain. But they still dont become deserts. This is

37、because some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places. Plants dont let the wind blow the dirt away. When a little bit of rain falls, the plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become a desert much more easily. 科学家们正试图治理沙漠恢复成良田。他们希望把水源

38、引入沙漠，使人能够生活和种植粮食。他们正在研究很多有关沙漠的情况。但是一直以来，越来越多的地表正在成为沙漠。科学家们可能无法及时改变沙漠化。 为什么越来越多的土地变成沙漠？科学家们认为是人类导致了沙漠化。人类正在破坏地球。 地球上有些地方没有得到很多雨水。但是，那里却不会成为沙漠。这是因为有些绿色植物在那里生长。草和绿色小植物对于干旱地区是很重要的。 植物阻挡风吹走污物。当一点点的降雨来临，植物蓄住水分。没有植物，土地成为一片沙漠更加容易。P107 (10)Man has a big brain. He can think, learn and speak. Scientist once th

39、ought that men are different from animals because they could think and learn. Then they know that dogs, mice, birds can learn too. They are beginning to understand that men are different from animals because they can speak. Animals cannot speak. They make noises when they are afraid, or angry or unh

40、appy. Apes can understand some things more quickly than men can. One or two of them have learnt a few words. But they cannot put words together to make sentences. They cannot think as we do because they have no languages. The language is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to build a modern world b

41、ecause he has languages. Each child can speak his own language very well when he is four or five, but no animal learns to speak. How do children learn it? Scientist dont know. They only know that man can speak because he has the brain. 人类具有一个大容量的脑。人能思考，学习和说话。科学家曾认为，因为人能思考和学习而与动物不同。后来，他们得知狗，鼠，鸟也能够学习。

42、他们开始明白，人是因为他们能够说话而与动物不同。 动物不会说话。当他们害怕，愤怒，或不满的时候会发出声音。猿猴可以比人更快理解一些事情。其中一个或两个都学会了一些词语。但是，他们不能把单词连在一起造句。因为他们没有语言，他们不能象人类一样思考。语言是伟大的。因为拥有语言，人类已能建立一个现代化的世界。 每个孩子在4或5岁时就能讲非常好的母语，但是没有动物学会说话。儿童如何学习的？科学家不知道。他们只知道，人因为具有大脑，所以能说话。P108 (11)Eating in space is different from eating on the earth. The food that astr

43、onauts carry with them does not look like the food you eat on the earth. Some food is carried in closed bags. It is cooked and frozen before the astronauts get it. All the water is removed from the food. In the space capsule, the astronaut puts the water back. He “shoots” hot or cold water into the

44、food bag with a special gun. He eats the food through a small hole in the bag. Other foods come in bite sizes. The astronaut puts a whole piece in his mouth at a time. There can be no crumbs. Crumbs would float around the capsule and get in the way. Meat, cake and cereal often come in bite-sized pie

45、ces. Astronauts cannot drink water from open cups. The water would float in drops in the air. The water is put in the special gun. The astronaut shoots the water into his mouth. Eating in space is not easy. Astronauts must learn to eat this way. 在太空中吃的食品与在地球上吃的食品是不同的。宇航员携带的食品看起来并不像你在地球上吃的食品。 有些食品装入密

46、封袋。宇航员得到它之前已经烹调和冷冻过。所有的水分已从食物中去除。在太空舱，航天员再把水加入。他使用特制的枪把热水或冷水“射”进食品袋中。他通过食品袋中的小孔吃东西。 其他食物放入一口装。宇航员一次一整块地放入嘴里。不能有面包屑。面包屑会漂浮在太空舱里并且挡道。 肉类，糕点，谷物通常用一口装。 宇航员不能从开口的杯中喝水。水会在空中漂浮。水是放在特制的枪里。宇航员把水射入他的嘴里。 在太空吃东西是不容易的。宇航员必须学会这种吃法。P110 (12)Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful. Fire c

47、an heat water, warm your houses, give light, and cook food. But fire can burn things too. It can burn trees, houses, animals, or people. Sometimes big fires can burn forests. Nobody knows for sure how people began to use fire. But there are many interesting, old stories about the first time a man or

48、 woman started a fire. One story from Australia tells about a man a very, very long time ago. He went up to the sun by a rope and brought fire down. Today people know to make a fire with matches. Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can by very dangerous. One match can become a big

49、 fire very fast. Fire kills many people every year. So you must be careful with matches. You should also learn to put out fires. Fires need oxygen. Without oxygen they die. There is oxygen in the air. Cover a fire with water, sand, or in an emergency, with your coat or something else. This keeps the

50、 air away from a fire and kills it. Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it will burn you. 火以多种方式帮助人类。但它也是有危害的。火能加热水，温暖你的房子，带来光亮，煮熟食物。但火也能烧坏东西。它可以燃烧树木，房屋，动物或人。有时候大火可以烧毁森林。 没有人确切知道人类怎么开始使用火的。这里有许多关于男人或女人第一次引起的一场大火的古老而有趣的故事。一个源自澳大利亚的故事讲述很久很久以前一个男人，他携带着绳子走向太阳而后带回火种。 今天

51、，人们知道借助火柴取火。小孩子有时喜欢玩火柴。但是火柴也会很危险。一根火柴能迅速引起一场大火。 火灾每年烧死很多人。所以，你必须小心火柴。你也应该学会扑灭火苗。火苗需要氧气。如果没有氧气，火就熄灭。空气中有氧气。用水，砂子浇盖火苗，在紧急情况下，使用你的外套或别的东西。这样可以使空气隔离火苗并扑灭它。 小心火种，它会帮助你。不小心火种，它会烧伤你。P111 (13)People use money to buy food, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things which they need. When they work, they usu

52、ally get paid in money. Most of the money used today is made of metal or paper. But in ancient times people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells. In China, cloth and knives were used as money. Elephant tusks, monkey tails and salt were used in some par

53、ts of Africa. Rice was also a kind of money used by the ancient people in some islands. Cows and other animals were used as money, too. The first copper coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. Different countries have used different metals for their money. Late

54、r, some countries began to make coins of gold and silver. But both gold and silver were heavy to carry when people needed a lot of coins to buy something expensive. The Chinese were the first to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money