牛津译林版八年级下册现在完成时讲解和练习(无答案)

1、现在完成时讲解及练习 现在完成时1) 在什么情境下用现在完成时？表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。表示过去发生的动作, 但强调结果或对现在的影响。表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。 表示去过某地几次。2) 时间状语：already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, recently，for，since，so far，up to now，these days, over3) 构成：have/has+done（过去分词）4) 过去分词的构成：直接加-ed。以字母 e 结尾的直接加 d 。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，变 y 为

2、i 加 ed。重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。 不规则。（见书后小黄页）5) 句型转换：一般疑问句：把助动词 have 或 has 提到主语之前，过去分词不变。 否定句：“havent（hasnt）过去分词”。6) 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，一般过去时属于过去时态，时间状语不能混 用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。现在完成时则相反。eg- i have seen the film.eg- i saw the film last week.eg- he has lived here since 1993.eg-

3、he lived here in 1993.7) have gone to vs have been to vs have been inhave gone to:没回来。he has gone to xian. 他去西安了。（没回）have been to：回来了。he has been to xian twice. 他曾去过西安两次。（已回）have been in: 待在某地一段时间 he has been in xian for weeks. 待在西安数周。 8) for vs since：for+表示一段时间的词组。since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组，谓语只可用延续性动词。eg.

4、- ive lived here for 15 years. eg.- ive lived here since 15 years ago. 9) 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，需要进行转换：动词原形（点动词）begin/startfinish/stopcome/go/arriveleaveborrowjoinmarrydie转换过程have/has been onhave/has been overhave/has been in/athave/has been awayhave/has kepthave/has been in/a member ofhave/has bee

5、n marriedhave/has been deadbuy have/has had注意：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：i havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。she hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。10) 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别和联系。(unit3 补充)联系：两者都可以表示过去发生过的动作；过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作。区别 1：现在完成时：过去动作对现在的影响，强调和现在的关系。时间状语不能 混用。一般过去式：过去动作的事实，与现在无关。时间状语不能混用。

6、eg：i have lost my bike. 我丢失了我的自行车。（现在没有自行车用。）i lost my bike. (现在自行车已经找到。)who has opened the door?who opened the door?区别 2：现在完成时：该动作仍然在继续。一般过去时：该动作早已终止。eg：my uncle has lived in london for four years.my uncle lived in london for four years.一、句型转换：1. i joined the club three years ago.= i _ _ _ _ _ the

7、club for three years.2. tom bought the cd player ten years ago.= tom _ _ the cd player _ ten yeas ago.3. she came here two months ago.= she _ _ _ since two months _.4. he left shanghai three hours ago.= he _ _ _ _ shanghai for three hours.5. tonys dog died a week ago.= tonys dog _ _ _ for a week.6.

8、the rain stopped five minutes ago.= the rain _ _ _ for five minutes.7. uncle li arrived in hongkong a couple of months ago.= uncle li _ _ _ hongkong _ a couple of months ago. 8. helen borrowed two history books last friday.= helen _ _ two history books _ last friday.9. jims been asleep since two hou

9、rs ago. (划线提问)_10. theyve been to the great wall twice. (划线提问)_二、根据句意，用 have/has been (to/in) 或者 have/has gone (to) 填空：1. -i saw you in hilton restaurant last night.-no, it wasnt me. i _ never _ there.2. - sally and sandy _ kowloon again.-how many times _ they _ there?-this is their third visit.3. i

10、m sorry but mr chen _ the steel factory. would you like to leave a message? 4. -is your father in?-no, he _ shenzhen.-_ he ever _ there before?-yes, he _ there several times.5. the smiths _ _ _beijing for more tan 2 months.三、单项选择：( ) 1. -has he returned the book to our library?-no. he has _ it for o

11、ne week.a. borrowed b. lent c. kept d. bought( ) 2. british prince william and kate _ since 2011.a. married b. have married c. have been married d. have got married ( ) 3. -why are you worried?-im expecting a call from my son. he _ new york for three days.a. has gone to b. has been to c. has been in

12、 d. has come in ( ) 4. -how long has robert _? -since 2004.a. been to beijing b. become a policemanc. joined the art clubd. studied in this school( ) 5. the astronaut (宇航员) is so tired that the _ for eleven hours.a. has been asleep b. has fallen asleep c. has gone to bed d. has gone to sleep四、完成句子：1、 这些有趣的书孩子们已经借了一周了，是上星期借的。1、 格林先生已经去世三年半了。1、 这个会议已经结束 2 个小时了。我们是在下午 2 点结束会议的。2、 -海豚表演开始多久了？-大约半个小时了。赶快！3、 她丈夫来