新目标英语八年级下-现在完成时的教案及练习

1、初中英语现在完成时态 -练习资料我们先来翻译几个句子：1 你已经问过这个问题两遍了，别再烦我了。2 我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借 给 tom 了。3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把 它还给图书馆了。基本定义：现在完成时有两种用法1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结 果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。 2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状 态。句型转换1. i have been to macau before. （改为否 定句)i _ _ been to macau before2. l

2、i ming has already finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句并做肯定和否定 回答）_ li ming _finished his homework yet?3.they have been here since 2000. (对划 线部分提问)have they been here?句型构成：基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 （p.p）1 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 (p.p)（v-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.2 否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过 去分词（p.p）（v-ed）+宾语.3 一般疑问句：

3、have/has+主语+动词的过去分 词（p.p)（v-ed）+宾语（或者其他）? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 （have/has+主语+过去分词+其他将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句 子。1. my father bought many books for me yesterday .now , i have a lot to read because _2. i saw this film last week.now, i know this film because i_.3. i did my homework yesterday.now, i can give it t

4、o the teacher because i_用法一 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果,（强调结果现在还存在 ）例如 i have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过 衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造 成的结果是“衣服干净了”）i have just had my breakfast. (对现在的 影响：不饿)has he had his breakfast?yes, he has.体会时间状语：ihave never heard of that before. have you ever ridden a horse?she has alr

5、eady finished the work. have you milked the cow yet?yes, i have done that already.ive just finished my homework. he has not come yet.二.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just (谓语动词之前) （刚刚）， already （已经(肯定句) ）, before（之前）, yet （一般疑问(句末）,已经；否定句：还） never（从不）, ever (疑问句) twice（两 次）,recently(近来）等状语连用，可以和瞬 间动词和持续性动词连用,请先圈出

6、时间状语 ，再用词的适当形式填空 1. i _(have) lunch already.2. the train_ (arrive) yet? 3.tom _ never_ (be ) to china. 4. the twin _just _(see) myfather.5. the twins _(see) my father just now.5. _ you ever _(ride) a horse? never.6. _ you _(clean) the room? yes, we_(do) that already. when _ you _(do) it?we _(do) it

7、an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? no.when _ he _(see) it?he _ it tomorrow.9. how many times _you_(come) here?once.用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状 态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持 续下去。a 动词使用延续性动词。b 和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与 for 或 since 引导的时间连用，so far, up to/till now 到目前为止, in the last/past+一段时间，all ones life 某人 的一生中, by no

8、w, these days 目前，for two years、since 1984、since he came herei havent seen her these days.s he has learnt english for 3 years/since 3 years ago.t hey have lived here since 1990.what has happened to the usa in the last 350 years?一、注 意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks;i have kep

9、t the library book for a week.=i have kept the library book since aweek ago.(2)since + 时间点for时间段since 2000=for 13 years(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时)the greens have lived in beijing since they moved to beijing from paris(4)it is /has been +一段时间 + since 从 句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. it is /has been two years since my br

10、other joined the army.二、用 for 或 since 填空。1. jill has been inireland_monday.2. jill has been inireland_three days.3. my aunt has lived inaustralia_15 days.4. margaret is in her office. she has been there_7 oclock.5. india has been an independent country_1974.6. the bus is late. weve been waiting_20 m

11、inutes.7. nobody lives in those houses. they have been empty many years.8. mike has been ill_a long time. he has been in hospital _october 9. its ten years _ we met each other last time.10. he has taught english _ 25 years.11. the greens have lived on the farm _ 1990.12. they have been practicing th

12、e guitar _ two hours.10. how long have you been a reporter? _ 8 years ago.10. i havent gone for a walk in the park _ a long time.11. hes been collecting stamps _ he was in primary school.12. peter has been to summer camp _ 3 times.根据上面的学习，我们可以总结下动词的过 去分词的变化规律一、规则变化在动词后加 ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed 如：worked,

13、passed 词尾是 e 时，直接加 d 如：liked lived3 若词尾为“辅音字母加 y”，则改 y 为 i 加 ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加 d； 如: played stayed studied crie d4 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双 写最后一个辅音字母加 ed.如： stopped dropped二、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词 巧记规律aaa: put put put letlet let aba: becomebecamebecomeabb: standstoodstoodabc: eat ateeaten用法三：（难点）非延续性动词与现在完成时

14、短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句 中不能与时间 段连用。为了表述意思，我们常用相应的延续 性动词来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。he joined the party five years ago . he has been in the party for five years.he has been a party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the party电影开始五分钟了。 the film began five minutes ago.the film has been on for five minut

15、es.it is five minutes since the film began一、三类型：第一类：动词 be + adj. : die， finish ，open/close，fall ill/asleep， marry sb/get married to第二类：动词 be + 介词.: start/begin， leave，join，第三类：动词另一个动词 : buy， borrow，get/begin to 延续性 v，.become， put on二、巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入 睡要感冒，开开关关变结束1 begin be on 6 return

16、be back2 leave be away 7 join be infrom3 go be off 8 die be dead 4 borrow keep 9 buy have5 come be here 10 arrive be here10 reach be here 11put on wearfall be 13catch a have a asleep asleep cold cold14open be open 15close be closed三/短暂性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表 示可以延续的状态的短语arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp

17、 / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) i moved to the usa in 2008. ithe usa since .1) they came here last week. theyhere since _.come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be outhe came out two years ago.he_ for _.2) we returned to beiji

18、ng yesterday.we _ _ to beijing since _.become bei became a teacher in 2000. i _ a teacher for_.2) the river became dirty last year. the river _ _ dirty for_ _.close be closed open be open 4) i put on my glasses three years ago. the shop closed two hours ago. the shop i _ my glasses for_ _for _. _.2)

19、 the door opened at six in themorning. the door _ _ _ for have / has gone to have been in six hours. he has gone to beijing.he _beijing for two days.get up be up; die be dead;leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep ; finish / end beover ;marry be married;1) i got up two hours

20、 ago.i _ _ _since _. 2) he left shanghai just now.he _ _ _ shanghai for five minutes.3) my grandpa died in 2002.my grandpa _ _ _for _.4) the meeting finished at six.the meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) i got to sleep two hours ago .i _ _ _ since _ _.6) they married in 1990. they _ _ _since _.start / b

21、egin to do sth. do sth. ; begin be on1) i began to teach at this school in 1995. i _ _ at this school since _.2) the film began two minutes ago. the film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep; lose not have ;buy have ;put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold; get to know know1) they borrowed it last week. they

22、 _it since _.2) i bought a pen two hours ago. i _a pen for _. 3) i got to know him last year. i _ him since _.join the league / the party / the army be a league member /a party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the party be in the league / the party / the army1) he joined the league in

23、2002.he _ a _ for two years. he _ a _ the _ for two years.he _ the league for two years.2) my brother joined the army two years ago.my brother _ a _ for _ _.常考考点have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长 时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间 的状语连用。例如：mr. brown has been in shanghai fo

24、r three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。they have been in canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to 表示“曾经去过某 地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用，例如：i have just been to the post office. 我 刚才去邮局了。mary has never been to the great wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。have you ever been to hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？have (ha

25、s) been to 后面可接次数，表示去 过某地几次。例如：they have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总 之，说话时该人不在现场，例如： -where is tom? -he has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。jack johnson has gone to london. 杰克.约 翰逊到伦敦去了用 have /has been to 和 have / has gone to 填空 hi，l

26、ucy，you ever beijing？ no，i . what about your sister，lily？ oh，she chengdu，she will come back next week. ok，thanks. youre welcome.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调现在的情况，而一般过去时 只单纯表示过去的动作或状态 ，可以和表示 过去的时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系。 试比较：the plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。 （说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）the plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是 一刻中以前来的。（

27、强调动作发生的时间在过 去）i have taught here for fifteen years. 我 在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可 能会继续。）i taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教 过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教 了）用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句 子。1. mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -are you thirsty? -no, i _ just _ (h

28、ave) some orange.4. we _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -has tom taught you english? -yes, he _ (teach) us english for two years.7. i _(not finish) my homework yet. can you help me?8. what _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? they have read them.9. - the d

29、oor is open. who _ (open) it? do you know?- sorry, i dont know.10. my father _ (read) the novel twice.11. wu dong _(be) a soldier for one year.12. the students _(study) in the middle school since last month.13. how long _ you _(know) him?14. mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to china.15. i _(give) my friend a nice book recently.16. li ping and wu dong _(see) the old man three times.17. _ she ever _(teach) you english?18. these children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.综合练习一、完成句子1.a：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？ b:自从我上 中学以来。a ：how long _ you _ _ shells?b ：_ i _ to middle school.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。i