职称英语(卫生类)模拟试题(一)2

1、职称英语(卫生类)模拟试题(-)23 第四部分：阅读理解 第一篇Sunbath and Skin CancerIn the summer; millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it # including themselves.With each hour; the suns ultraviolet radiati o

2、n produces irreversible damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sun bather increases his risk of getti ng skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most comm on form of can cer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in

3、 the United States, and almost all of them can be blamed on over-exposure to the sun.Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can be disfiguring and take time to treat. For that reason, sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe. Sunburn, of coursef is the init

4、ial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV however; interferes with the production of collagen fibers in the dermis, causing the skin to lose elasticity and creating premature wrinkies. Further deterioration of the dermis deprives the epidermis of nutrition and causes it to become th

5、in and dry.Cancer is UVM final result Shortwave radiant energy, especially from the UV-B band, breaks the strands of DNA. Enzymes work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper sequence, but with repeated UV exposure, the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutant DNA may produce a

6、colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided with a good dose of common sense. People with fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the highest risk. Special danger spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, nose, lower lip and the ears. Pe

7、ople who have already developed precancerous lesions or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly in creased chance of developing others.Dermatologists recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a good sun screen. These

8、lotions and salves contain chemicals that block out the burning UVB radiation while permitting the tanning rays to reach the skin.31. According to the passage, over-exposure to the sunmay result inA. the wrinkles that cannot be seen.B. the skin cancer.C. all kinds of sacrifices.D. healthful beauty.3

9、2. The underlined word ndeity in the third paragraphrefers toA. something mysterious.B. the skin cancer.C. the sun.D. overexposure to the sun.33. Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiati on?A. Sunburn.B. The loss of skin elasticity.C. Dryness of epidermis.D. The deterior

10、ation of dermis.34. Why may the repair process of the DNA fin ally fail?A. Because shortwave radiant energy breaks the strands of the DNA.B. Because the DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells.C. Because enzymes work to rearrange the DNA into a new order.D. Because the patient is exposed to UV from

11、 time to time.35. The last paragraph of the passage mainly discussesA. the treatment of the skin cancer.B. the prevention of the skin cancer.C. the parts of the body where cancer is most likely to develop.D. the lotions that work best in fighting against the skin cancer.4. 第四部分：阅读理解第二篇Population Den

12、sitiesThe average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mi

13、le in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands.Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 person in habit each square mile in se

14、ttled portions where the land is arable.High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java. Low average population densities are char

15、acteristic of most underdeveloped countries.Low density of population is gen erally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land. This generally results from poor quality Ian ds. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains, or malaria-infested

16、 jungles; to land uses other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to social obstacles.More economically advanced countries of low population den sity have, as a rule, large pro port io ns of their populatio ns living in urban areas. Their rural

17、 population densities are usually very low. Poorly developed countries of correspondingly low population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found in the most densely populated industrial count

18、ries.36. Along the banks of the Nile, we may expect to findA. 1300 persons per square mileB. few inhabitantsC. no inhabitantD. few settlements37. The most densely populated continent isA. AsiaB. AfricaC. EuropeD. North America38. There are no permanent in habitants in Antarcticabecause.A. it is too

19、hotB. it is too coldC. there is no transportationD. it has only recently been discovered39. Puerto Rico is a land of.A. heavy industrializationB. povertyC. intense agricultureD. large cities40. Advanced countries of low population density may well haveA. epidemicsB. arable landC. large rural populat

20、ionD. large urban population5. 第四部分：阅读理解第三篇Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowl by maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive nattachmentn period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some peop

21、le have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbyt work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out th

22、at the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngonim, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone far from it Secondly, common sense tells us

23、 that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have

24、been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But B

25、owlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate eff

26、ects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this tim

27、e. The matter; then is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reas on able for infants.41. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?A. Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at t

28、he age of three or older.B. Early day care can delay the occurrence of men tai illness in children.C. The first three years of ones life is extremely im porta nt to the later development of personality.D. Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over th

29、ree.42. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work?A. Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.B. Day care nurseries have positive effects on a childs development.C. A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional prob

30、lems in later life.D. Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a childs personality.43. It is suggested that modern societies differ fromtraditional societies in thatA. the parentschild relationship is more exclusive in modern societiesB. A child more often grows up

31、with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societiesC. Mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesD. Children in modern societies are more likely to develop men tai illn ess in later years44. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby

32、t theory?A. Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens development.B. The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.C. The separation of young children from their parents is comm on in some traditi onal societies.D. Parents find the immediate effects of earl