时态语态一般现在时

1、一一般现在时基本用法 主要用来表示人、事物的 在状况和特点；表示 常或 性的 作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等 状 ； 表示客 律和永恒真理等。He usuall y goes to work at 7 o clock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一 ：客 真理，客 存在，科学事 ，格言或警句如果出 在 从句中，即使主

2、句是 去 ，从句 也要用一般 在 。如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.I learned that pride goes before a fallwhen I was in primary school. 者必 。考点二 ：表示按 定、 表、 划或安排要 生的 作。注意：在此用法中，句中通常有具体的 状 。Are you on duty next weekend?下周末你 班 ？He starts next week.他下个星期出 。.The train starts at 10 oclock in the morning.火 将在早上10

3、点开出。考点三 ：一般 在 代替一般将来 在 和条件状 从句中，代替一般将来 ；常用的引 有： ：when, until, after,before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件： if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.When Bill comes (不是 will come), ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4、只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么 候做完 。 make sure /certain（弄清楚 / 确信） , see to it（确信）, care（介意） , matter（要 ） take care(注意，当心 )， be careful(注意，当心 )， mind( 介意 )，watch( 注意 ) 等 从句，从句中通常也只用一般 在 表示将来意 。Take care that it does not occur again. 注意 再 生 的事。We must take care that no one sees us. 我 必 注意 人看 我 。Make sure you come ba

5、ck soon. 你要保 快点回来。Be careful that you don t hurt her feelings当心 .了她的感情。Watch that the baby doesn t go near the注heater意 .宝宝接近加 器。在 the more the more越( 越 ) 句型中 , 若主句是一般将来 , 从句通常用一般 在 。The harder you study, the better results you will get. It will be一段 before 一般 在 It will be two hours before he comes b

6、ack.用于 by the time 后当主句 将来 ， 与之相关的 by the time 后接的从句要用一般 在 表示将来意 。By the time he comes, I will have left.等他到时，我会已离开了。By the timewe get to the cinema，the film will have started 我们到电影院时电影会已经开始了。倒装句，表示动作正在进行。Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.二 现在进行时am/is

7、/are+Ving基本用法 ：表示现在正在发生或正在进行的动作，不指状态。We are having English class.The students are planting the trees on the mountain.(1997NMET ， 16)-Is this raincoat yours ？-No ， mine _there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung(2000 春京皖 )A new cinema _here. They hope to finish it next month.A. wi

8、ll be builtB. is built C.been builtD. is being built考点一 ：目前一段时间内正在进行的活动说话是不一定正在进行Jane often watches TV twice a week ，but this month she is watching TV every night.Apples are costing more these days.(2005 湖南， 32)Since I won the big prize ，my telephone hasnt stopped ringing ， people_to ask how I am go

9、ing to spend the money.A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning考点二 : 表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always ，constantly，continually ，again 等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等表示频繁、反复出现的习惯性动作）。The little boy is always making trouble.Little Tom is throwing things about all the time， which makes his mother angry.Some

10、 people are constantly complaining.(2004 湖南 )Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _advertisementsshowing happy families.A .will often seeB. often seeC. are often seeingD. have often seen考点三 :表示即将发生的动作。一般指在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。表示这种动作的动词有： come， go， leave， start， arrive 等，并常与表示将来的状语连用。They are

11、leaving a few days later.Were meeting him after the performance.She is coming to help us on Sunday.(2005 浙江， 12)-Are you still busy ？-Yes. I _my work ，and it wont take long.A. just finishB. am just finishingC. have just finishedD. am just going to finish(2006 福建， 24)Ladies and gentlemen ， please fas

12、ten your seatbelts. The plane_.A. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. took off考点四 :表示行动或状态的过程。人和事物的变化已经开始，但变化还在进行过程中，并未最后完成。表示这一类动词有go， become， get， grow， fall ， turn， die， begin， drown 等。如： The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.Her hair is becoming grey.Mr. Smith is begin

13、ning to regret what he has done before.People are dying in that part of the world.(2001NMET)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task becausetechnology_so rapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change考点五 :在 状 或条件状 从句中表示将来正在 行的 作。Look out when you are crossing

14、 the street.Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.* 不用进行时的动词1）表示事 状 的 ，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。例如： I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状 的 ， 如 know, realize, think se

15、e, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much.他 她很深。3）瞬 ，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：I accept your advice.我接受你的 告。4）系 ，如seem, remain, lie

16、, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。例如：You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。三 现在完成时主 +have/has + 去分 基本用法1已完成用法 (影响性用法 )。 用法的 在完成 表示一个 去 生的 作在 去已 完成，并且 个 去 生并完成的 作 在有影响或 果，同 的或感 趣的就是 个影响或 果。如：I have lost my wallet.( 含 是 : 在我没有 花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含 是 : 已可以吃 了 .)He has left the ci

17、ty. ( 含 是：他不在 个城市)Someone has broken the window. （含 是：窗 仍破着)2 未完成用法 (持 性用法 )。如： 用法的 在完成 表示一个 去 生的 作并未在 去完成，而是一直持 到 在，并且有可能 下去(也可能到此 束)。如：Have you waited long?你等了很久 ？We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我 一直很忙。The temperature has stayed hot this week. 星期天气一直很 。 在完成 有一些 志性的 状 ：for +一段 ； since + 点；lat

18、ely; recently, just,already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, in /for/ during the past/l ast years(如 in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries)Has it stopped raining yet ?They have lived in Beijing since 19

19、95.They have lived in Beijing for five years.注意：有 有for 段不用 在完成 四 现在完成进行时He worked in that company for ten years, but now he is a lawyer.考点一 ： It/This/That i s will be the first time that表示 “第几次做某事，”或“ It/This is the best (worst, most interesting ) + 名 that ”后面跟 在完成 。This is my first time that I have

20、 visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.考点二： 于某些表示状 的 (如 is/seem 等 )，或因 等方面的原因，有 可能用一般 在 比 在完成 更合适。如：It seems like/is years since we last met. 我 似乎几年未 面了考点三： 在表示 或条件的状 从句中用 在完成 表示未来完成的 作。You may go swimming if you have done your hom

21、ework before nine oclock.如果你在九点以前做完功 ,你可以去游泳。考点四： 瞬 性 与延 性 的正确使用：与how long, for, since 等表示一段 的状 用 用延 性 ，如：buy-have, keep-borrow, die-be dead, marry-be married, begin-beon, begin to know-know等。 止 的否定式可与for 或 since 引 的表示一段 的副 短 或状 从句 用。I havent seen her for five years. 我五年没 到她了。考点 五： have(has) been to

22、 与 have(has) gone to 的比 。Have you been to Hong Kong?你去 香港 ?（ 在已不在香港。）He has gone to Hong Kong. 他已去香港了。（他 在已不在本地。）have/has been doing基本用法1. 表示从 去某 开始一直延 到 在 行，或可能 要 下去的 作。它通常和“ for+ 段 ”或“ since+点 (也可以是从句)”的 状 用。例如：I have been waiting for a letter from my parents. 我一直在等我父母的来信。It has been raining for t

23、hree hours. 雨已 下了三个小 了。We have been studying here since 2004. 自从 2004年以来，我 一直在 里学 。2. 表示从 去某 开始，一直延 到 刻，可能 束的 作。例如：She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.她一整天都在 大街。她太累了。We have been waiting for you for two hours. We dont want to wait any longer.我 已 等你两个小 了。不想再等了。五 一般过去时基本用法 ：表在 去

24、某个特定 生且完成的 作或存在的状 ，或 去 性 作，不 在的影响，只 明 去。常跟明确的 去 用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago考点一： used to + do，表示 去 常但 在已不再 持的 作。原形。 Would do 去 常做， 在做不做不知道。to 不定式，后接 be/become/get used to + doing，表示 于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up

25、early.考点二： 在 和条件状 从句中，代替 去将来 。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise考点三：It is time sb. did sth. 已 了 早 了 It is time you went to bed.你 睡 了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示 宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别： 一般 去 表示的 作或状 都已成 去， 已不复存在，和 在没关系。 在完成 表示 作 生在 去， 在有影响或 作从 去延 到 在 有

26、可能延 下去，和 在有关系。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含 ：她已不在人 。Christine has been an invalid all her life. ( 含 ：她 在 活着)六 过去进行时was/were doing基本用法 : 表示 去某个 点或某段 内正在 生的 作或 作与 去的另一 作同 生。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he

27、 heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me.考点： 去 行 可用来描 事情 生的背景。 即： 去某 A 作 行的 程中 生了， A 作就是 B 作 生的背景。如： 作正在 行，B 作在AHe hurt his leg when he was playing basketball.“把腿弄 ” 生在 “打 球 ”的 程中， “打 球 ”就是 “弄 腿 ”的背景。解 思路关 ：背景 作用 行 ，事件 作用

28、去 1. (07 北京） It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh, don t mention it. I _ past your house anyway.A. was coming B. will comeC. had comeD. have come2. (06 安徽 ) I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accidentA went; was occurringB went; occurredC was going; occurr

29、edD was going; had occurred3. (06 北京 ) Where did you put the car keys? Oh, I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming C. remember; come D. remember; was coming一般 去 与 去 行 的区 ： 去 行 表示 作的未完成性、持 性，着眼于 作的 程；一般 去 表示 作的完成，即 作 生 ，且已 束，着眼于 果；如：S

30、he was writing a report last night and I don t know if she表has示昨finished晚一直在it写.()She wrote a report last night. （表示昨晚写了，并且写好了）七 过去完成时had + 去分 表示 去某个 之前已 完成的 作，即 去完成 的 作 生在“ 去的 去 ”，句中有明 的参照 作或 状 ， 种 从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till )There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of l

31、ast term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一： 用于 hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中， 主句用 去完成 ， 从句用一般 去 。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the teleph

32、one rang.（注意主 倒装）考点二 ：表示 “第几次做某事”，主句用 去 ，从句用 去完成 。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考点三： 动词 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用 去完成 ，表示未 的愿望、打算和意 。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was

33、too busy.考点四 ： would rather/wish后的虚 气The film was boring. I d rather I hadn t gone to see it.考点五 ： by+ 去 状 用 去完成 By the time we got there, the train had left.八 一般将来时表在将来某个 会 生的 作或情况。ABCD表示 “ 划、打主 是物 ，表示be going算、安排将要 人 之前 人根据某种迹不能用于含有条件句to做的事 ” ，主已考 的象主 推 可能 的主句中 只能是人生的事表示将要 生 人 刻表示客 律必然可用于含有条件句的wil

34、l某事或主 的主句或从句中表示 “意才考 到的 生的“意愿 ”愿 ”表示安排、 与第二人称 表示命令，相当于表示 “能 ”“ ”“想be to用，表示 述第划要做的事should / must要 ”“注定、不可避免 ”三者的 be about表示 作 上 生；句中不能再加at once, immediately 和表示具体 的 to ；常有 “be about to .when 构”；It s going to rain.-Have you watered the flower?-Oh, I forgot it, but I will.Worse was to come.考点一 ：一般将来 是

35、用在一些 状 从句或条件状 从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. （主句用一般将来 ，从句中一定要用一般 在 替代一般将来 。 ）考点二 ：某些表示短 性 作的 如 arrive, come, go, leave, start 等，用 在 行 形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三 ：“祈使句或名 短 + and/or + 句子 ”， 种 构中and 后面的句子 用一般将来 。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四 ：

36、 “am (is, are) going to + 原形 ”，表示打算 划要做的事或根据判断将要 生的事。九 将来进行时will be doing表将来某个 正在 生的 作，或按 划一定会 生的事情。I ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天 会我正在写作 。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.十、将来完成时will have done表在将来某 刻之前已完成的事情， 状 非常明 。考点一 ：常用的 状 一般用by+ 将来的 。 如： by

37、the end of this year, by 8 oclock thisevening, by March next year 以及由 by the time , before或 when等引 的副 从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二 ：在 和条件状 从句中

38、，将来完成 由 在完成 表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.语态1.动词 sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run 等与 well, smoothly, easily 等 用 ， 明主 内在的 “性能 ”“特点 ”，用主 代替被 ；Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly. 走起来很 。The

39、case locks easily. 箱子很好 。The book sells well. 本 很 。2.表示状 特征的 系 如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主 表示被 意 ；3.不及物 及一些固定短 不能用被 ：come up, run out, give out, go out, come out,come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur cometrue, consist of, take plac

40、e,become, rise,belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist,fail, succeed 等；4.当 want, require, need 作“需要 ”解，后接doing/ to be done 作 ，此 do 与主 关系；5.be worth 后接 doing 作 ，用主 形式表示被 意 ；6.不定式 to let（出租） , to blame（ 受 ）表示被 意 ；7.在 “主 +be+形容 （ for sb. ）+to do ”构中， to do 用主 形式；The box is heavy to ca

41、rry.8.在 “主 +谓语 +宾语 （名 ） + 不定式to do（作定 修 前面的名 ，主 与 to do 主 关系 ，此 不定式用主 形式；如：且 关系；I have a meeting to attend.9.一些常用 典被 句型：It is said , It is reported , It is widely，believedItisexpected , It is estimated,It was believed , It was thought ：1. -I took a photo of you just now.-Really? I _ with attention.A

42、. didn t lookB. wasn t lookingC. am not lookingD. haven t looked2. - You haven t said a word about my new hair-style. What do you think of it?- I m sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think itA. don t sayB. wasn t sayingC. didn t sayD. haven t said3. -Can I help you, Madam?-No, thanks. I

43、 _.A. have just looked aroundB. just look aroundC. am just looking aroundD. just looked around s pretty.4. -That famous cherry trees _ because of pollution.-Yes, we have to do something to save it.A. has diedB. had diedC. is deadD. is dying5. She ought to stop reading; she has a headache because she

44、 _ too long.A. had readB. readC. is readingD. has been reading6. - You re talking too much.-Only at home. No one _ me but you.A. is hearingB. had heardC. hearsD. heard7. -What have you been doing? I asked you a que stion. Why didn t you answer?-Sorry, I _ to the news on the radio.A. listenedB. have

45、listenedC. was listeningD. had listened8. -You should have told him the date earlier.-I_, but he forgot about it.A. didB. haveC. hadD. should have9. -You could have asked Tom for help, for he is good at physics.- Really? Oh, a whole night _. Why didn t you tell me earlier?A. is wastedB. was wastedC. had wasted D. has wasted10.The th