材料力学中英对照词汇

1、材料力学中英对照词汇A安全因数 safety factorB半桥接法half bridge闭口薄壁杆 thi n-walled tubes 比例极限 proportional limit 边界条件 boundary con diti ons 变截面梁 beam of variable cross section 变形 deformation 变形协调方程 compatibility equati on 标距 gage length 泊松比 Poisson s ratio 补偿块 compensating blockC材料力学 mecha nics of materials冲击荷载 impact

2、 load初应力，预应力in itial stress纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materialsD大柔度杆 long colu mns单位荷载uni t load单位力偶 uni t couple单位荷载法 un it-load method 单向应力，单向受力un iaxial stress等强度梁 beam of con sta nt stren gth 低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue 电桥平衡 bridge bala ncing 电阻应变计 resista nee stra in gage 电阻应变仪 resis

3、ta nee stra in in dicator 叠加法 superposition method 叠加原理 superpositi on prin ciple 动荷载 dynamic load断面收缩率 perce ntage reduction in area 多余约束 redundant restra intE二向应力状态 state of biaxial stressF分布力 distributed force复杂应力状态 state of triaxial stress 复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件bar 刚度 stiffness 刚架，构架 frame

4、 刚结点 rigid joi nt 高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue 各向同性材料 isotropical material 功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem 工作应变计 active strain gage 工作应力 work ing stress 构件 structural member惯性半径 radius of gyrati on of an area 惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距 moment of inertia 广义胡克定律 generalized Hook s law H横向变形 lateral de

5、formati on 胡克定律 Hooks law 滑移线 slip-linesJ基本系统 primary system 畸变能理论 distorti on energy theory 畸变 能密度 distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩 polar moment of inertia 极 限应力 ultimate stress极限荷载limit load挤压应力 beari ng stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equati on of shear force剪力图 shear force diagram剪流 shear

6、flow剪切胡克定律Hook s law for shear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area截面核心 core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of astatically in determ in ate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 staticallyin determi nate problem静定问题 statically determi nate problem 静荷载 static load静矩，一次矩

7、 static mome nt颈缩 neckingK开口薄壁杆 bar of thin-walled ope n cross sect ion抗拉强度 ultimate stress in tension 抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion 抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion 抗弯截面系数section modulus inbendingL拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axially loaded bar 理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumpti on 力法 fo

8、rce method 力学性能 mecha ni cal properties 连续梁 continuous beam 连续条件 continuity con diti on 梁 beams 临界应力 critical stress 临界荷载 critical loadM迈因纳定律 Miner s law名义屈服强度 offset yieldi ng stress 莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure 敏感栅 sensitive gridN挠度 deflection挠曲车由 deflect ion curve挠曲轴方程 equati on of deflecti on c

9、urve 挠曲轴近似微分方程 approximately differential equation of the deflection curve内力 internal forces 扭力矩 twisting moment 扭矩 torsional moment 扭矩图 torque diagram 扭转 torsion 扭转极限应力 ultimate stress in torsion 扭转角 an gel of twist 扭转屈服强度 yield ing stress in torsion 扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler s formulaP疲劳极

10、限，条件疲劳极限en dura nee limit疲劳破坏 fatigue rupturean alysis形心车由 centroidal axis疲劳寿命fatigue life塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation形状系数shape factor偏心拉伸 ecce ntric tensionductile materials塑性材料，延性材料许用应力 allowable stress偏心压缩 ecce ntric compressi on塑性铰 plastic hinge许用应力法 allowable stress method平均应力 average stressT许用

11、何载 allowable load平面弯曲 pla ne bending弹簧常量 spri ng con sta nt许用何载法 allowable load method平面应力状态 state of pla ne stress弹性变形 elastic deformati onY平行移轴定理 parallel axis theorem弹性模量 modulus of elasticity应变花 strain rosette平面假设体积力 body force应变计 strain gagepla ne cross-sect ion assumpti on体积改变能密度density of ene

12、rgy of应变能 strain energyQvolume cha nge应变能密度 stra in energy den sity强度 strength体应变 volume strain应力stress强度理论 theory of stre ngthW应力速率 stress ratio强度条件 stre ngth con diti on弯矩 bending moment应力比 stress ratio切变模量 shear modulus弯矩方程 equati on of bending mome nt应力幅 stress amplitude切应变 shear strain弯矩图 bendi

13、ng mome nt diagram应力状态 state of stress切应力 shear stress弯曲 bending应力集中 stress concen trati on切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity应力集中因数stress concen tratio n factorsheari ng stress弯曲正应力 no rmal stress in bending应力寿命曲线，S-N曲线stress-cycle屈服yield弯曲切应力 shear stress in bendingcurve屈服强度 yield st

14、rength弯曲中心 shear cen ter应力一应变图 stress-strain diagram全桥接线法 full bridge位移法 displacement method应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohrs circle for stressesR位移互 等定理 reciprocal-displacementZ热应力 thermal stresstheorem正应变 normal strainS稳定条件stability con dition正应力 normal stress三向应力状态state of triaxial stress稳定性stability中面 middle plane三

15、轴直角 应变花 three-element稳疋女全因数safety factor for stability中柔度杆 in termediate colu mnsrecta ngular rosetteX中性层 neutral surface三轴等角 应变花 three-element delta纟田长比，柔度sle ndern ess ratio中性轴neutral axisrosette线性弹性体 lin ear elastic body轴 shaft失稳 buckling约束扭转 con stra int torsion车由力 axial force伸长率 elongation相当长度，

16、有效长度equivale nt le ngth车由力图 axial force diagram圣维南原理 Sai nt-Ve nan t s prin ciple相当应力 equivale nt stress车由向变形 axial deformati on实 验应力 分析experimental stress小柔度杆 short colu mns车由向拉伸 axial tension车由向压缩 axial compressi on 主平面 principal planes 主应力 prin cipal stress主应力迹线prin cipal stress trajectory主车由 principal axis主惯性矩 prin cipal mome nt of in ertia主形心惯性矩 principal centroidal mome nts of in ertia主形心车由 prin cipal cen troidal axis转