微观经济学习题（英文版）

1、1、the primary focus of economics is on: (a)a、the related problems of scarcity and choice.b、how to make money on the stock market.c、why there are no choices to be made.d、mathematical estimation of theoretical models.2、when there are insufficient resources to satisfy all individual wants;(d)a、governme

2、nt has to decide which wants go unsatisfied.b、a market system must be implementedc、choices must be made.d、prices must rise.3、the primary implication of scarcity is that; (c)a、one should never wait until tomorrow to buy something that is available today.b、government planning is required to determine

3、how resources are to be used.c、choice must be maded、the standard of living will decline over time.4、time: (d)a、is not a scarce resource because theres always tomorrowb、is a scarce resource for producers, but not for consumers.c、is a scarce resource for consumers. but not for producers.d、is a search

4、resource for everyone5、economics is about how individuals and countries; (a)a、satisfy unlimited wants with limited resources;b、satisfy limited wants with unlimited resourcesc、satisfy unlimited wants with unlimited resources.d、satisfy limited wants with limited resources6、scarcity; (d)a、reflects gree

5、db、indicates the need for a control planning authorityc、indicates the need for free marketsd、requires making choices among alternatives.7、when resources are limited but wants are unlimited individuals must; (a)a、make choices among available automotives.b、put the public incrust before self-interest c

6、、become less greedy.d、reduce their expectations8、in the united states, the question of which goods are produced, and in what quantities, are primarily answered by: (d)a、the governmentb、producers.c、consumers and the governmentd、consumers and producers;9、the numbers of automobiles, televisions, and pi

7、zzas that are produced at any point in time represent and answer to the basic economic question of ; (b)a、how items are produced.b、which goods are produced, and in what quantities.c、for whom these items are produced.d、who makes economic decisions10、in the united states, goods are primarily produced

8、for; (c)a、those who want there but cannot afford themb、those who can afford them but do not want them;c、those who want them and can afford them;d、those who need them but cannot afford them;11、under a system of central planning;(d)a、the government is involved only in the basic economic question of wh

9、ich goods are produced;b、the government is involved only in the basic economic questions of how goods are produced.c、the market system is left to function in less complex markets;d、the government answers the threes basic economic questions;12、when economists talk about a mixed economy they referring

10、 to the; (b)a、interlaken between the product and labor markets;b、observation that both government and individuals make decisions;c、interaction between consumers and products;d、relationship between microeconomics and macroeconomics;13、the united states is an example of a economy, in which markets cen

11、sure the of the economy and the government addresses concerns of (b)a、 centrally planned ; efficiency; equity;b、 mixed; efficiency; equity;c、 market: equity; efficiency;d、 mixed: equity; efficiency;14、markets: (d)a、allow buyers and sellers to communicate their desire to make exchanges.b、will not res

12、olve the question of how much of each good is produced.c、will not resolve the economic question of for whom goods are produced;d、eliminate scarcity and the problems associated with limited resources.15、in a market economy; the questions of which goods are produced, and in what quantities, are answer

13、ed by; (d)a、the government;b、producersc、consumers and government;d、consumers and producers;16、the market system will not; (a)a、provide individuals with all they want;b、determine how goods are produced;c、determine which goods are produced;d、determine for worn goods are produced.17、all of the followin

14、g, except one are accurate descriptions of the u.s. governments role. which is not true? (b)a、it sets the legal structure under which firms and individuals operate.b、it answers the basic economic question of which goods are produced and in what quantities.c、it supplies goods and services not provide

15、d by the market;d、it aids many of those citizens who are disadvantaged.18、in the product market; households; (b)a、are sellers of goods;b、are buyers of goods;c、determine how goods are produced;d、are sometimes buyers; sometimes sellers, of goods.19、microeconomics is that branch of economics that focus

16、es primarily on: (d)a、inflation and unemployment;b、behavior in highly aggregated markets;c、economic growth in less developed countries;d、the behavior of firms, households, and individuals20、all of the following except one ,would an appropriate focus of study for microeconomics which is not? (b)a、the

17、 determination of prices in the computer industry;b、the determination of the rate of inflation;c、the level of production by a firm in the compact disc industryd、the interaction of supply and demand in the corn market.21、macroeconomics is that branch of economics that focuses primarily on: (c)a、marke

18、t economies;b、the behavior of individual units;c、economic aggregates such as unemployment and inflation;d、centrally planned economies;22、positive economics; (d)a、is of no help in making judgments;b、concerns what should be;c、is a subset of normative economics;d、predicts the consequences of actions;23

19、、which of the following is a positive economic statement? (c)a、unemployment insurance is too low;b、lowering unemployment is more important than curbing inflationc、the typical doctor earns more than the typical blue-collar worker;d、unemployment insurance is too high.24、normative economics; (c)a、descr

20、ibes how the economy operates;b、focuses on what is ;c、concerns what should be;d、predicts the consequences of actions;25、when economists make a prediction about the effects of a government policy; this represents; (a)a、macroeconomic analysis;b、a shot in the dark;c、microeconomic analysis.d、positive ec

21、onomic analysis.26、the belief that individuals weight the costs and benefits of each possibility open to them is referred to as the assumption of; (a)a、opportunity cost;b、scarcity;c、production possibilities;d、rational choice;27、the economists assumption of rational choice is based on the expectation

22、 that individuals: (b)a、use economic models to make choices.b、make choices and decisions in pursuit of self-interest;c、collect all possible information prior to making a choice.d、all have the same preferences;28、in their study of rational consumers, economists focus on; (c)a、what determines the goal

23、s and desires of consumers;b、why different consumers have different preferences;c、how consumers preferences affect the choices consumers make;d、why consumers preferences change over time;29、rationality in the case of fins is taken to man that they strive to : (a)a、maximize profits;b、charge the highe

24、st possible price;c、maximize revenues;d、sell the highest quantity prosodic;30、competitive markets are efficient this means that; （d）a、scarcity is eliminated;b、it is possible to produce more of all goods with existing resources;c、the only way to produce more is to put currently idle resources to work

25、;d、it is not possible to produce more on one good without producing less of some other good.31、which of the following is the most eccentrically efficient method of allocating resources? (b)a、lotteries b、prices c、rationing d、first-come, first served32、assume that pizza and coke are the only two goods

26、 available to ian. the price of coke is $2 per pitcher and pizza is $1 per slice if lane has $20 to spend, which graph in figure represents 1an s budget constraint? (d)a、graph a b、graph b c、graph c d、graph d33、anthony spends all his income on loaves of brand and fish bread costs s2 per loaf and fish

27、 are ss. anthonys income is s20 which of the following combinations of loaves and fish lies on anthonys budget constraint? (b)a、4 loaves and 3 fish b、5 loaves and 2 fishc、6 loaves and 2 fish d、7 loaves and 2 fish 34、figure 2 shows christophers budget constraint. what is the price of attending a movi

28、e if christophers income is 30? (a)a、1.5 b、2 c、5 d、s15 35、karen sleeps eight hours a night, and works eight hours a day. she spends the remaining eight hours swimming and watching tv. if the were to ignore the time she spends working and sleeping her time constraint would indicate; (a)a、the various

29、combinations of hours she can devote to swimming and watching tv.b、which tv shows she watches;c、how many tv shows she could watch if she did not go swimming;d、which tv shows she could watch and how many lengths of the pools she could swim;36、a production possibilities curve defined over guns and but

30、ter shows;(b)a、how much land the country needs to produce guns and butter;b、the maximum amount of guns that can be produced for each amount of butter produced.c、the minimum amount of guns and butter required by the country given its population;d、the minimum amount of guns that can be produced for ea

31、ch remount of butter produced;37、a countrys production possibilities curve is downward-sloping because;(d)a、resources are equally well equipped for the production of any good;b、the more a countrys inhabitants have of anything the lower is the value the paler on having more of it .c、some resources ar

32、e better equipped for the production of one good than another;d、if we want to produce more of one good. we must sacrifice some production of the other good;38、if a countrys production possibilities curve bows outward ,this indicates that;(d)a、to produces more of one good the country must sacrifice i

33、ntrudingly large amounts of the other good;b、scarcity is less of a problem the more of the country produces;c、the country faces fixed trade-offs;d、the country can produce more of all goods simultaneously;39、figure 3 hows a countrys production possibilities curve defined over hamburgers and machines.

34、 at which point can the country be said to be producing insufficiently?(d)a、point a b、point e c、point c d、point d 40、figure 3 shows a countrys production possibility curve defined over hamburgers and machines. which of the following statement about point c is correct? (c)a、it represents a combinatio

35、n of hamburgers and machines production that is less desirable than point e.b、it reflects inefficient production.c、it reflects an unattainable combination of hamburgers and machines;d、it reflects idle resources;41、the opportunity cost of an activity is: (b)a、the amount of money spent on the activity

36、;b、the next-best use of the resources devoted to the activity;c、any cost that cannot be recovered;d、the value of the time spent on that activity.42、the saying “theres no such thing as a free lunch” is based on the premise that: (c)a、foot banks do not exist.b、food banks should not exist;c、everything

37、has and opportunity cost;d、governments always subsidize food production;43、jean has just begun attending college, which of the following should not be included in the opportunity cost of this activity ?(b)a、tuition feesb、the value of the meals she consumesc、the value of books she purchases for cours

38、es;d、the wages she could have earned and she not gone to college44、the slope of a vertical line is (d)a、zero b、positive c、negative d、infinite45、choices of individuals and films are limited by: (d)a、time constraintsb、production possibilitiesc、budget constraintsd、all of the above;46、individuals or cou

39、ntries trade with each other because they（c）a、are concerned with increasing societys welfare;b、cannot consume all they produce;c、expect to gain as result of the trade;d、have to dispose of excess resources;47、one of the principal advantages of trade is that allows countries to;(a)a、specialize accordi

40、ng to comparative advantage.b、dispose of excess supplies of goods that they do not want;c、share equally in the potential gains from trade;d、leave the exchange feeling that they have been treated fairly.48、when the forces of supply and demand operate freely, the effects of a drought on the corn harve

41、st will be indicated in the market by （b）a、government-imposed limits on individuals purchases of corn;b、an increase in the price of corn.c、advertisements in the newspapers advising people to reduce consumption;d、a reduction in the price of corn.49、the concept of demand refers to the quantity of a go

42、od that buyers（b）a、would like to buy at a given price;b、need to maximize satisfaction.c、are able to purchase in the marketplace.d、would purchase if they had unlimited income.50、the curve that describes the quantities of a product that a buyer would like to purchase at different prices is called the:

43、a、demand curve b、supply curvec、production possibilities curved、budget constraint51、the demand curve is downward sloping which means that the quantity demanded for a good when its price (d)a、rises; risesb、falls; fallsc、is unchanged; fallsd、rises; falls52、an individual is typically willing to purchase

44、 more of a good at low prices than at high prices, which implies that the individual demand curve will be;(c)a、horizontalb、verticalc、downward slopingd、of indeterminate shape53、the market demand curve is （b）a、derived by vertically summing the individual demand curves at each quantity;b、derived by hor

45、izontally summing the individual demand curves at each price;c、derived by vertically summing the individual demand curves at each price;d、independent of the individual demand curves;54、figure 4 shows two individuals demand curves for the same product. if these are the only two individuals in the eco

46、nomy market demand at a price of s4 will be:（d）a、10 units b、15 units c、20 units d、25 units55、a decline in consumers income will normally cause;（a）a、the demand curve to shift to the left;b、a movement along the demand curve such that quantity demanded declines;c、an individual to increase consumption o

47、f any goods she purchases;d、a movement along the demand curve such that quantity demanded increases;56、if and increase in the price of good a leads to a rightward shift in the demand for good b. we would conclude that a and b: (a)a、are substitutes;b、could be either substitutes or complementsc、are un

48、related;d、are neither substitutes nor complements;57、which of the following factors is most likely to lead to a shift in the demand curve for movie tickets? (c)a、a change in the price of attending a movie;b、a change in the size of movie theatersc、a change in the price of video rentals;d、would buy at

49、 a given price;58、the concept of supply refers to the quantity of a good that firms:（c）a、need to sell if they are to make positive profits;b、are able to sell in the marketplace.c、would like to sell at a given price.d、would buy at a given price.59、by the term “supply curve”, economists mean the curve

50、 describing the relationship between price and the quantity supplied this focus on price means（d）a、economists believe price is the only factor that influences quantity supplied.b、prices is the only factor that influences quantity supplied;c、economists are inappropriately overlooking other influences

51、 on quantity supplied;d、economists are assuming that other influences quantity supplied are constant so that the effect of price can be isolated,60、the supply curve is upward sloping which means that the quantity supplied of a good when its price (a)a、rises; risesb、 falls; fallsc、is unchanged; falls

52、d、rises; falls61、firm is typically willing to offer more of a good for sale at high prices than at low pries which implies that the firms supply curve will be;(c)a、horizontalb、verticalc、upward sloping d、downward sloping62、an increase in the price of an input will normally cause; (d)a、a movement alon

53、g the supply curve such that quantity supplied decanis;b、the supply curve to shift to the rightc、a firm to increase the amount it offers for sale d、the supply curve to shift to the left;63、a technological improvement will normally cause; (a)a、the supply curve to shift the rightb、a movement along the

54、 supply curve such that quantity supplied declines;c、the supply curve to shift to left;d、an individualist to inverse consumption of any goods she purchases.64、the quantity supplied is influenced by both changes in price and changes in variables other than price changes in result in the supply curve.

55、 (b)a、variables other than price; movements alongb、variables other than price; shifts of c、price; shifts of d、input prices; movements along65、at the equilibrium price; (d)a、the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied.b、both consumers and films think the price is fair.c、the quantity supplied

56、encodes the quantity demanded.d、the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.66、excess demand will exist whenever;(a)a、the actual price is below the equilibrium price;b、the price is such that the quantity demanded equals the quantity suppliedc、scarcity has been eliminated.d、the actual price is above the equilibrium price.67、if the market price for a good is such that