词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案

1、2012级（1）班Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and VocabularyI.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. _is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock.A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D

2、.All national character2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_ .A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into_ . A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words

3、 and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words4. Borrowings can be divided into_. A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipp

4、ed words5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_. A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness6The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_ . A.a dialectal wor

5、d B.argot C.an archaism D.slang7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_ . A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang8.Form words include the following word classes except_ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_ . A.the total number of the wo

6、rds in alanguage B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows10.Kimono is a loan word from_ .A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese11. _ form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish w

7、ords D.Latin words12.Black humor is_ .A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_ and have limited_ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcol

8、lectability14.Indigestion is_ .A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism15.By_ ,words fall into functional words and content words. A.use frequency B.notion C.origin D.word formation16. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always_ .A.motivated B.arbitrary C.logical D.unconv

9、entional17. _ are loan words that have become assimilated in English.A. Denizens B.Semantic loans C.Translation loans D.Aliens18.Smoky, which means “police”,is a(n) _ word.A.slang B.argot C.loan D.jargon19. Wherein which means “in what”is a(n)word. _ A.slang B.archaic C.functionalD.dialectal20.The d

10、ifference between sound and form due to all the following except _. A.more phonemes than letters B. stabilization of spelling by printingC.change of spelling by early scribes D.development of pronunciationII.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course b

11、ook1. Lexicology is a branch of linguisticsstudying the origins and_ of words .2. A word is a minimal free form of language that has a given sound, meaning and_ function.3. In spite of the differences between sound and form,at least_ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns4.All

12、 the words in language make up its_ .5.The_ word stock is the foundations of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and form the common core of the language.6.By_ ,begin is a native word.7. _ vocabulary include cant,jargon and argot.8. There is no_ relationship between the sound which stands for

13、a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.9. _ are the basic units of sentences.10. Early borrowings are mostly_ whereas later loan words remain foreign in sound and spelling.III.Decide whether the following statements are true or false( )1.A word can be defined in different ways from

14、different points of view.( )2.Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.( )3.The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( )4.The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.( )5.The principles

15、 by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.( )6.Native words are more popular than foreign words.( )7.Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.( )8.audl(meaning “old”)is an instance of archaism.( )9.Kowtowis a loan word known as an alien.( )10.Long time no

16、see is a case of translation loan.IV.Give a term for each of the following definitions.1. Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions.( )2. Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions.( )3. Words used by sub-culturegroups, particularly by understood society.( )4. Words that have cle

17、ar notions.( )5. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin.( )6. Words borrowed by way of translation. ( )7. Old words with new meanings.( )8. Words which have become assimilated.( )9. Native forms whose meanings are borrowed.( )10. Words essential to native speakers daily communication.( )V.Answer the following

18、questions .Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the relationship between sound and meaning?2. Why are there so many differences between sound and form?3. What are the criteria for classification of words?4. What are the characteristics of the basic word and word stock? AnswersI.1.D 2.B

19、3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.D 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.DII.1.meanings 2.syntaitic 3.80(eighty) 4.vocabulary 5.basic 6.origin 7.Nonbaic 8.logical 9.Words 10assimilatedIII.1.T 2. F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.TIV.1.slang 2.jargon3.argot 4.content words 5.native words 6.tra

20、nslation loans 7.neologisms 8.denizens 9.semantic loan 10.basic word stockV.1. The relationship is almost always arbitrary and conventional ana there is no logical connection between sound and meaning.2. There are four major reasons.(1)The internal reason:the English alphabet was adopted from the Ro

21、mans,which have more phonemes than letters,so there is not a separate letter to represent each sound.(2)Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling.(3)The spelling forms were changed by the early scribes to make theeir writing more recognizable.(4)Borrowing.3. There are mainly there criteri

22、a for classification.Words may fall into:the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency;content words and functional words by notion;native words and borrowed words by prigin.4. The basic word stock has five charecteristic:(1)all national character,(2)stability,(3)productivi-ty,(4)pol

23、ysemy,(5)productivity.Chapter2 The Development Of the English VocabularyI.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. It is assumed that the world has 3000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly_ language famili

24、es on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A.200 B.300 C.400 D.5002. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except_ . A.Balto-Slavic B.Indo-Iranian C.Armenian D.Italic3. In the Eastern set,Armenian and_ are the sole modern languages in the two respective fam

25、ilies.A.Albanian B.Russian C.Slovenia D.Lithuanian4.Which language does not belong to the Italic? A.Portuguese. B.Spanish C.Welsh D.French5.The early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke_ . A.English B.Celtic C.Scandinavian D.Hellenic6.The Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that

26、was later called_ (the land of Angles).A.German B.Greece C.England D.American 7.Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words,which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from_ and Scandinavian.A.Latin B.Greek C.Celtic D.French8.The influx of French words into English did not o

27、ccur until after_ .A.1200 B.1300 C.1400 D.15009.In the Middle English period,the three main dialects of the land were Northern, _ and Midland.A.Eastern B.Western C.Southern D.Oriental10. _ is the chief ancestor of Modern English,not Southern.A.Eastern B.Western C.Southern D.Oriental11.The Norman Con

28、quest started a continual flow of_ words into English.A.Latin B.Greek C.Danish D.French12.Middle is an_ dialect,as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerner and Southerners alike.A.middle B.intermediate C.interchangeable D.internal13.The number of_ words that poured into English was unbelieva

29、bly great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.A.French B.German C.Latin D.Russian14.Before English regained social status in Middle English period,those imposer spoke French;those who were literate read and wrote _ ;those who could educate their children taugh

30、t them in _ ;and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned_ or_ .A.Latin;French;Latin;French B.French;French;French;EnglishC.French;French;Latin;French D.Greek;French;Greek;French15.In the early period of modern English,Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancient Greek and Rom

31、an classic,which is known in history as the_ . A.Renewal B.Revival C.Rebound D.Renaissance16.Since the beginning of the 20thcentury, particularly after World War II,although borrowing remains channel of English vocabulary expansion,more words are created by_ . A.analogy B.word-formation C.transfer D

32、.conversion17.The Anglo-Saxon in the Old English period was almost a “_ ”language,which created new words from its own compound elements with few foreign words. A.unique B.fashion C.pure D.old 18.As one scholar notes,old English was characterized by “_ endings”,Middle English by “leveled endings”,an

33、d Modern English by “_ endings”.A.full ;lost B.lost;full C.full;pure D.pure;lost19.Old English which was a_ language has evolved to the present_ language.A.analytic;synthetic B.synthetic;analyticC.agglutinative;analytic D.isolating;synthetic20.Of all the foreign languages from which we have borrowed

34、 words,Latin ,Greek,French,and_ stand out as the major contributors.A.Italian B.German C.Dutch D.Scandinavian21.In the Pre-Anglo-Saxon period,the words borrowed naturally from reflected the new experience in_ and _ .A.war;economy B.economy;agriculture C.war;shrine D.agriculture22.In the Old English

35、period,borrowings from Latin came in because of the introduction of Christianity,such as, _ and _ .A.cook;candle B.shrine;sack C.candle;shrine D.mass;circle23.The_ centuries were especially prolific in Latin borrowingsunder the influence of Renaissance.A.12th and 13th B.13th and 14th C.14th and15th

36、D.15th and 16th24.Some late borrowings from Latin still retain their Latin forms.which of the following was borrowed in the Modern English period?A.Frustrate B . Focus C.Logic D.Trade25.Which of the following does not come from Greek?A.Piano B.Synonym C.Philosophy D.Lexicology26.Typhoon is from_ and

37、 tatami is from_ .A.Chinese;African B.Chinese;Japanese C.Arabic;Turkish D.Malay;Japanese27.Modern English vocabulary develops through_ .A.terminology,analogyand borrowingB.creation,semantic and borrowingC.creation,archaisms,and semantic changeD.semantic change,denizens and argot28.Which of the follo

38、wing contemporary English vocabulary is from the rapid growth of science and technology? A.Fallout B.Pant suit C.Black belt D.Mao jackets29.The Scandinavian languages:Norwegian,Swedish,Danish,and Icelandic,constitute the_ branch of the Germanic group. A.eastern B.western C.northern D.southern30.Revi

39、ving archaic or_ words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though insignificant. A.obsolete B.old C.used D.ancientIIDecide whether the following statements are true or false.( )1.English is more closed related to German than French.( )2.Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic,Norw

40、egian,Danish,and Swedish( )3.Old English was a highly infected language.( )4.In early Middle English period,English,Latin,and Celtic existed side by side.( )5.The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.( )6.Modern English is considered to be an analytic l

41、anguage.( )7.The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin,French,Scandinavian and Italian.( )8.In modern times,borrowing brings less than percent of modern English vocabulary.( )9.The three major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are

42、 advances in science and technology,influence of foreign cultures and languages.( )10.The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.( )11.Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borro

43、wed from Latin and Scandinavian.( )12.Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.III.Define the following terms.1. the Indo-European Language Family2. Old English3. foreign elements4. creation5. semantic changeIV.Answer following questions.You

44、r answers should be clear and short1. Why did Middle become the chief ancestor of Modern English?2. What are the characteristics of Modern English?3. What are the reasons for the growth of contemporary English vocabulary?4. What are the general characteristics of the world-wide appeal of English?V.A

45、nalyze and comment on the following.1. Soft drinks and minerals sold here.Tell what“soft drink” and “mineral” mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.2. “Moon”was originally written as “moan”and the pronunciations of the two words are different,too .E

46、xplain the reasons for the change in spelling and pronunciation.AnswersI.1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.AII.1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.T 11.T 12.FIII.1. The Indo-European Language

47、Family is made up of most languages of Europe,the Near East,and India.According to the geographical distribution,these languages fall into ten principal groups,belonging to two sets,namely an Eastern set and a Western set.The Eastern set consists of:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,AmericanandAlbanian; the

48、 Western set comprises:Celtic,Italic, Hellenic, Germanic, Hittite and Tocharian.2. Old English grew out of the Anglo-Saxon,which has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words.The vocabulary is almost monogamous and entirely Geomantic with only a few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.3. English

49、 vocabulary owes most of its words to foreign languages.The words borrowed from other languages are known as foreign elements in the English vocabulary.4. Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials,namely roots,affixes and other elements.In modern times,this is the

50、 most important way of vocabularyexpansion.5. Semantic change refers to an old form whichtakes on a new meaning to meet the new need.This does not increase the number of word forms but create many new usage of the existing words.IV.1. There are several reasons:(1)The midland included London,which was then the capital of England,naturally the political,economical and cultural center.(2)Two great writers Wycliffe and Chaucer employed the Midland dialect in th