18-19Module5SectionⅢGrammar——限制性定语从句

1、Section山 Grammar限制性定语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1. Ancient China was a placewherestates were often at war with each other.2. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.3. C on fucius is the philosopher whos ein flue nee has bee n the greatest.4. Mencius believed that the reasorwhy man is

2、different from animals is that man is good.5. Mozi was ano ther teacherwho was very in flue ntial.6. As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teach in gs.1.3、5句中黑体部分 的引导词是关系代 词，分别在定语从句 中充当定语、主语。2.1、2、4、6句中黑体部分的引导词是关 系副词，分别在定语 从句中充当地点、时 间、原因、地点状语。语法精要点拨在复合句

3、中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词 叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。 这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写 时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开， 起补充说明 作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。、关系代词的用法关系 代词指代在从句中充当的成分人物句子主语宾 语表 语定语whoVVVwhomVVthatVVVVVwhichVVVVVwhoseVVVa

4、sVVVVVVl.that和which的用法which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语, which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Please find a roomwhich/that is big eno ugh for all of us to live in.请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。This is the house Which/that) we bought last mon th.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The man that) we have just seen is a famous writer.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著

5、名的作家。Shan ghai is no Ion ger the citythat it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。名师点津只能用that先行词是 all, little , few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时而不用当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词which的情修饰时况当先行词被 the only, the very, the same the right 等修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况关系代词前有介词时，一般用which,而不用thatHe is the

6、 very pers on that they are look ing for.他正是他们在找的人。They talked about the things and personsthat they could remember in theschool.他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。Some experts thi nk readi ng is the fun dame ntal skills upon which school educatio n depe nds.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。2. who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在从句中可作

7、主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。He is the man Who/whom) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的那个人。Happ in ess and successofte n come to those who are good at recog nizing their own stre ngths.快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。3. whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“ whose+名词”可 以转化为“ the+ 名词+ of which/whom ” 和“ of which/whom + the+ 名词”的形 式

8、。I live next door to a couple whosechildren( = the children of whom) often make a lot of no ise.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。Please pass me the boow hosecover(= the cover of which)is gree n.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。4. as的用法as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such, the same等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。She is such a n ice girl as w

9、e all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。She is such a nice girl that we all like her.她是一个如此好的女孩以至于我们都很喜欢她。I bought the samedicti onary as you borrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典)I met the samepers on that I saw yesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人)即时演练1单句语法填空 Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at t

10、he beg inning of the year. The professor who/that/whom you wish to see has gone abroad. This is the woma n scie ntist whose research is known around the world.关系副词指代先行词在从句中充当的成分whe n(=介词+ which)时间时间名词时间状语where(=介词+ which)地点地点名词或抽象名词(situation， point， activity，case stage 等)地点状语why( = for+ which)原因rea

11、s on原因状语As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be in depe ndent.作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能独立的时候。The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松氛围。This is the house wh

12、erehey lived a week ago.这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。名师点津当先行词是时间名词、地点名词或the reason时，一定要注意分析从句的结 构，如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that，缺少时间状语或地点状语 时，才能用when或where。I still remember the day （which/that） we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。即时演练2单句语法填空 She remembers the days whe n she was a girl. There are severa

13、l reasons why we cant do that. Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只用whom（指人）或which（指物），不可用that。Do you remember the dayon which you joined our club?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？In the dark stree, there was nt a sin g

14、le persoito whom she could tur n for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。This is the worker with whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。名师点津在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，确定介词的原则是：一先、二动、三意义。一先，即根据先行词确定介词；二动，即根据从句谓语动词来确定介词； 三意义，即根据从句的意义来确定介词。即时演练3单句语法填空 Scien tists have adva need many theories about w

15、hy huma n beings cry tears none of which has been proved. The n ewly-built cafe , the walls of which are pain ted light gree n , is really a peaceful place for us specially after hard work. This is the teacher from whomve lear nt a lot.语法应用落实I .单句语法填空1. He is the man who/that lives next door.2. The

16、house fell and hurt a woman and her dog_that were just passing by.3. This is the hotel where they are staying during the summer vacation.【导学号：27932027】4. Plato was one of the Greek Philosophers_whose ideas have in flue need Western society.5. I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.6. The

17、man with whom my father is shaking hands is a policeman.7. By 16: 30, which was almost the closing time, nearly all the paintings had bee n sold.8. A computer is so useful a machine_as we can use everywhere.【导学号：27932028】n .单句改错1. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons which none of us has ever heard of.whichn that2. Tibet is such place that all the people all over the world are dreaming of visiti ng.that f as3. The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written.去掉 it4. The student in that all of the teachers