大学英语一教学：words and expressions in unit

1、Unit 6 RomanceText A Words & Expressionsmake ones way:1) go- Early in the morning the hunter made his way into the woods.- The old man slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.2) succeed- 你要想成功,就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。 (If you want to make your way you must learn to work hard while yo

2、u are still young.)Collocation：make away with携而逃；除去，杀死 make up弥补；赔偿 make believe假装 make out书写；开列；拼凑 make of了解，明白 make off离开；逃走 take sth. off (sth.): 1) lift and move sth. from (sth.) to another position - 把你的手从我肩膀上拿开。 (Take your hand off my shoulder.)2) deduct an amount of money from (sth.) - 她和小贩讨价

3、还价，直到他同意减了50便士。 (She bargained with the trader till he agreed to take 50p off the price.)CF: take, grasp, grab & snatch这四个词都可用作动词,有“拿”，“抓住”之意。take 系常用词，表示用拿取或用别的方式获得或占有。例如：- The brave soldier took two enemy soldiers single-handed at a time. (这位勇敢的战士曾只身一次活捉两个敌兵。)grasp 指“快速而紧紧地抓住”，用于比喻意义时指“掌握”，“领会”。例如

4、：- I dont know how many times I have explained this word, yet he still fails to grasp it. (这个词我都不知道解释多少遍了，可他还是不能理解。)grab 指“抢夺”，“攫取”，常表示粗鲁地甚至不顾侵犯他人权利地抓取。例如： - How can you grab the credit for the work done by others? (你怎么能无功受禄呢？)snatch 指“突然快速地拿、取、夺、抢走”，强调拿取时动作的突然，而不表示是否拿得稳或紧。例如： - The naughty boy snat

5、ched his aunts handbag and ran away. (这个淘气的小男孩一把抢走他阿姨的手提包，跑了。)Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the above words.1. The boy grabbed the apple and ran off (with it). 2. The mother took her child by the hand.3. The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away. 4. Have you grasped the meaning

6、of this text? Collocation：take care小心 take care of照料 take charge取得控制或指挥权 take hold of抓住，握住 take notice of注意到 take place发生；出现 take for granted料想是正确的，想当然认为是真实的 absorb: vt. 1) (usu. passive) completely hold ones attention (usu. followed by in) 2) take in 3) endure Match the above definitions with the s

7、entences below. - The sponge absorbed all the spilt water. (2)- She wont be able to absorb another heavy blow. (3)- Totally absorbed in writing the computer software, Michael ordered take-out food when he was hungry, slept on the office floor when tired out. (1)- The walls of the house absorb heat d

8、uring the day. (2)- The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. (1)- We will not absorb these charges. (3)CF: absorb & assimilate在比喻用法中都含“吸收”，“吞并”的意思。 absorb 指“使被吸收者失去其特点，或使其特点不复存在”。例如： - Large nations shouldnt absorb smaller ones. (大国不应当吞并小国。)assimilate

9、除含 absorb 意思外, 还指“将被吸收者变成了吸收者的一部分”。例如： - We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries. (我们应当批判地吸收别国文学艺术中一切有益的东西。)reflect: v. 1) be a sign of; show- 一个国家的文学反映出它的政治吗？ (Does the literature of a nation reflect its politics?)- Election results should

10、reflect peoples opinions. 2) make a visible image of - 平静的水面映出了满月。 (The still water reflected the full moon.)- The sight of my face reflected in the mirror never pleases me. 3) consider, think of- 我必须思考一下如何答复。 (I must reflect upon what answer to give.)- 他反省过去的错误。 (He reflected on his past mistakes.)

11、CF: think, reflect & reason 这几个词都可用作动词，都有“思考”、“动脑子”之意。think 是通用词，此“思考”的目的是为了得出某种结论，但是在“思考”时未必思想集中，所形成的概念未必清晰，所得出的结论未必正确。例如： - You can think about it and let me know your decision later. (你可以把这事考虑一下，以后再把你的决定告诉我。)reflect 所表示的“思考”含有这样的意思：被思考的事物是过去发生过的，或者是现在存在的；这个词一般表示严肃认真地、静悄悄地考虑问题。例如：- Take your time

12、to reflect before doing important things. (在做重大的事情之前要从容不迫地思考一下。)reason 所表示的“思考”具有一种逻辑思维的过程，开始于某种假设或某种前提，甚至某种迹象，经过推理，从而形成概念。例如：- Mans ability to reason makes him different from the animal. (人类的思考力使自己不同于动物。)locate: vt. 1) discover; show the position of - Keep talking with him for five more seconds and

13、 I will locate the place he is calling from. - 我们一搬进城里，就找到了商店和邮局的所在地。 (We located the shops and the post office as soon as we moved into the town.)2) fix or put in a certain place - 新工厂将设于何处？ (Where is the new factory to be located?)- He located his new store on Main Street. correspond: vi. 1) excha

14、nge letters regularly- Love grew between Lu Xun and Xu Guangping as they kept corresponding with each other. - Have you been corresponding with him? 2) be in agreement, harmony, or conformity - 我向你保证，我将言行一致。 (I assure you my actions will correspond with my words.)- Her job corresponds with her inter

15、ests.3) be similar or equivalent in character, quantity, origin, structure, or function - 美国国会相当于英国议会。 (The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.)fertile: adj. 1) (of land) able to produce good crops - 这片土地很肥沃，一年可种三季庄稼。(The land is so fertile that three crops a year can grow.)- Hu

16、man civilizations first bloomed in fertile lands along big rivers. China is a case in point. 2) highly or continuously productive; prolific - He is fertile of imagination. Collocation：fertile soil / fields肥沃的土壤/土地 fertile showers及时雨 a fertile mind想象力丰富的头脑 be fertile in expedients会随机应变 CF: fertile, f

17、ruitful & productive这几个词都是形容词，均有“肥沃的”，“多产的”之意。fertile 指“能生产或再生产的”，它用于指土地、植物等时，意为“肥沃的”，“多产的”，用于指人、头脑等时，意为“有才智的”。例如： - Fertile soil yields good crops. (肥沃的土壤能种出好庄稼。)fruitful 指“促进多产的”，在指土壤时，可代替 fertile；它也可指结果，尤其是“好结果”。例如： - Those discussions proved fruitful. (那些讨论证明是卓有成效的。)productive 指人或事物“多产的，有成果的”，是一

18、个意义很广泛的词。 例如：- He is a productive writer. (他是位多产作家。)request: 1. v. ask (a person) to do sth.- 我对你的唯一请求是要你早点到。 (All I request of you is that you should be early.)- 我请求他为我使用他的影响力。 (I requested him to use his influence on my behalf.)CF: request, ask & solicit 这三个词都可作动词用，都有“要求”的意思。request 意思是“请求（某人）做某事”

19、，侧重请求。例如：- You are sincerely requested to be present at the party. (敬请您光临宴会。)ask 作“询问”，“提问”，“要求”讲时，指某人对不知道或不明白的事情、道理提出问题，请别人解答；作“要求”讲时， 侧重要求得到某物。例如： - He has asked his father for too much. (他向他父亲要的太多。)solicit 是正式用语，指“恭敬或认真地请求”。现在多用于“请求别人注意”，因而常见于商业用语中。例如： - China Daily is soliciting subscriptions. (

20、中国日报正在征求订户。)request 一词后如果接宾语从句，则从句中用虚拟语气 should + v.（原形），或省略 should，直接用v. （原形）。 - 佩恩先生要求我星期五之前交作业。 (Mr. Paine requested that I (should) hand in my homework before Friday.)类似的用法还有 suggest, advise, demand, order 及这些词的名词形式。- He gave us a suggestion that we (should) stay at home on the National Day, bec

21、ause there were crowds everywhere in the city. 2. n. a polite demand - He made a request that I should help him. Collocation：at sb.s request应某人要求 by request (of) 照需要；依照请求 comply with sb.s request答应某人的请求 make (a) request for请求，要求 on request一经要求 in great request (=much in request) 有很大需求，广受欢迎 take a ch

22、ance (on sth.): attempt to do sth. in spite of the possibility of failure; take risk - 我们怀着天气可能会好的侥幸心情去野餐。 (We took a chance on the weather and went for a picnic.)- I havent booked a ticket. Im taking a chance on the theater not being full. disgust: vt. cause a strong and often sick feeling of disli

23、ke in (sb.) - The way they treat their children disgusts all the neighbors. - 这条坏鱼有一股令人作呕的气味。 (The bad fish had a disgusting smell.)plain: 1. adj. 1) (of persons appearance) not pretty or handsome - 这孩子相貌平平。 (The child has a plain face.)2) easy to see, hear or understand - The meaning of the sentenc

24、e is very plain. 3) simple; ordinary; without luxury or ornament - 他提倡过简朴的生活。 (He advocates plain living.)4) (of persons, their thoughts, actions, etc.) straightforward; frank - 你应该和父母坦诚相对。 (You should be plain with your parents.)2. n. area of level country - I was attracted by the scenery of the Gr

25、eat Plains. 3. adv. entirely - 你完全错了。 (You are plain wrong.)- Shes just plain silly. Collocation：plain sailing一帆风顺；进展顺利in plain words坦白地说 be plain with you坦率地告诉你，老实对你说 schedule: 1. v. arrange for sth. to happen or to be done at a particular time - 飞机定于四时起飞。 (The plane is scheduled to take off at 4 o

26、clock.)- 他定于星期天到达。(His arrival is scheduled for Sunday.)- They have scheduled John to speak at three oclock in the afternoon. Pattern: be scheduled to do sth. / be scheduled for sth. 2. n. a timetable of things to be done, dealt with, etc. - According to the school schedule, the students should be h

27、aving the third period in the morning. Collocation：according to schedule按时间表；按照原定进度 ahead of schedule提前 behind schedule落后于计划或进度；迟于预定时间 on schedule按时间表，准时 a tight schedule排得紧紧的时间表；难以遵守的时间表 sustain: vt. 1) support emotionally; keep (an effort, etc.) going; maintain- 一种不可动摇的信念支撑着这个年轻人。 (An unshakable f

28、aith sustained the young man.)- Although they had been trapped in the cave for two days, they were sustained by the belief that help would come soon. 2) suffer; undergo - 飞机坠毁时，机组成员受到重伤。 (The aircrew sustained severe injuries when the plane crashed.)CF: sustain, support & back 这三个词都含“支持”，“支援”的意思。 su

29、stain 指“支撑”，“维持”。例如：- My hope for future sustained me. (对未来的希望支持着我。)support 系常用词，指“支撑”，“给某人（物）以积极援助或支持”。例如： - We should support each other. (我们应互相支援。)back 指“支持（论点、行动、企业等）”。例如： - Ill back you up in your demands. (我会对你的要求给予支持的。)alive: adj. 1) living- 受伤的人不省人事但仍活着。 (The injured man is unconscious but s

30、till alive.)2) active; lively- Although he is eighty, he is still very much alive. Collocation：come alive活跃起来；警觉起来 alive and kicking （口）活蹦乱跳，生龙活虎CF: alive, living & lively这三个词都有“活的”意思。 alive 指“活着的”，“在世的”，着重于状态。它用作表语，或放在名词或代词后作定语。例如：- Whos the greatest man alive? (当今最伟大的人物是谁？)living 用于生物时, 指“活着的”。例如：

31、 - Shelly was still living when Keats died. (济慈死时，雪莱还在世。)lively 指“活泼的，活跃的，栩栩如生的，真实的”。例如： - Children usually have lively fancy. (儿童们往往有丰富的幻想力。)go ones way: go in sbs direction - 尽管我不和你同路，我还是很乐意送你一程。 (Though Im not going your way, I still would like to give you a ride.)- I wasnt sure whether he was go

32、ing my way or not, so I decided to go home by myself. keen: adj. 1) (of interest, feeling, etc.) strong; deep - From his childhood on, the later famous pop singer has had a keen interest in listening to the country music. - 杰妮看着丈夫和那个苗条的姑娘跳舞，十分嫉妒。 (Jenny watched her husband dancing with the slim girl

33、 with keen jealousy.)2) interested; eager (usu. followed by on / about, or infinitive to) - 他非常渴望见到霍利斯梅奈尔小姐。 (He was keen to meet Miss Hollis Maynell.)- Two thirds of the girl students in my class are keen on soccer. sensible: adj. 1) showing or having good sense- 聪明些，把伞带上。 (Be sensible and take you

34、r umbrella.)- Youve made a sensible decision by not wearing high-heeled shoes while climbing Zijing Mountain. 2) able to feel or perceive - He is sensible of the danger of his position. - I am sensible of my error. CF: sensible, conscious & aware 三个词都含有“意识到的”意思。 sensible 指“可用感官察觉到的（尤指可感觉到较复杂或抽象的事物)”

35、。例如：- I was sensible of her solemn grief. (我知道她很悲哀。)conscious 侧重“心理感知”。例如：- He is conscious of a sense of guilt. (他感到内疚。)aware 侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”。例如：- Everybody is aware of the importance of the hi-tech. (每个人都意识到了高科技的重要性。)grip: v. take a very tight hold (of) - 刹车失灵，汽车撞在一堵墙上。 (The brakes failed to grip

36、and the car ran into a wall.)- 詹姆斯邦德紧紧抓住岩石，爬上了悬崖。 (James Bond gripped the rock firmly and climbed onto the cliff.)identify: vt. recognize or say who or what sb. or sth. is - 我识别不出这是谁的签字。 (I cannot identify this signature.)- Could you identify your umbrella among a hundred others? grateful: adj. 1) f

37、eeling or showing thanks- 承你帮忙修缮房子，我十分感激。 (I am grateful to have you help me repair the house.)- Im most grateful to you for introducing me around so that I no longer feel lonely in the new place. 2) pleasant; agreeable; comforting - This is really a grateful rain to the peasants. Pattern: be gratef

38、ul to sb. for sth.- The mother was grateful to the young man for saving her childs life. broaden: v. make or become broader - 他的见解在大学时代变得开阔起来。 (His views broadened at college.)- 这条马路在这里开始变宽。 (The road broadens out at this point.)- We should broaden our experience by traveling more.in response to: in

39、 answer to - 他应敲门声而开了门。 (He opened the door in response to a knock.) - 可能发生石油危机的消息使得股票价格随之下跌。 (Stock prices went down in response to the news of a possible oil crisis.)Collocation：make no response不回答 Text B Words & Expressionscome across: meet or discover by chance- I was walking in the street when

40、I came across John, a friend I had not seen for years.- 我偶然在阁楼上发现了一些老照片。(I came across some old photos in the attic.)make out: manage to see or read- I cannot make out who is standing in the darkness.- 我能听到声音，但听不清他们在说什么。(I could hear voices, but I couldnt make out what they were saying.)hope for: wa

41、nt and expect (sth.)- All we can do is hope for the best and wait.- 我们期待法国下个大订单。(Were hoping for a big order from France.)clue: n. sth. that helps you to find an answer to a problem (followed by to / about)- He didnt know who had sent the letter, and the envelope provided no clue.- 对于这起凶杀案，警察还没有任何线索

42、。(The police havent found any clue to the murder.)identity: n. who someone is- 被杀害的妇女的身份还没有得到确认。(The identity of the murdered woman has not yet been established.)- He was chased and shot by the police in a case of mistaken identity.other than: except; apart from- 除了祖母外，家里没有其他人。(There is no one in th

43、e house other than my grandmother.)- You need take no action other than keep me informed of any developments.exchange: vt. give sth. to sb. who gives you sth. else- The two armies exchanged prisoners.- At the end of the game players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.- 在哪里可以把美元换成英镑？(Where

44、 can I exchange my dollars for pounds?)match up to: be as good as (sb. or sth.)- The result of the experiment matched up to our expectations.- 他的能力不如他父亲。(He doesnt match up to his father in ability.)lead: n. clue - The inquiry team is also following up possible leads after receiving 400 calls from t

45、he public.- 警察到现在还未获得一点线索。 (The police havent got a single lead yet.)for sure: (infml) certainly so, without doubt- She wouldnt lend you any money, thats for sure.- 有一点可以肯定，我们绝不会亲自搬动这件家具的。(One thing is for sure, well never be able to move this furniture on our own.)security: n. protection from dange

46、r; protection from bad situations- They are under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security.- Strict security measures were in force during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.- 为了乘客的安全，所有的手提行李都经过仔细的检查。(For the security of passengers, all hand baggage is carefully checked.)relief: n. a feeling of comfort and happiness after a period of anxiety or some other unpleasant feeling- To my relief, they arrived safely.- 她拿到合同后，长长地松了一口气。(She h