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1、2020届高考英语一轮复习讲解:倒装句【知识要点】主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,叫自然语序。反之,如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序,又分全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前,部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。一、全部倒装1 .there be 句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live, happen, exist, remain, stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如:There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。Long , long ago there lived a king who loved

2、horses very much.很久很久以前,有一位国王,他非常喜欢马。There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.起火的时候,碰巧房间里面没有人。2 .Here/There/Now + vi.(常为 come,go) 十主语(必须是名词)此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是喂,注意了 ”。如:Here comes Mary. f I can see Mary coming丽来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。 I can hear the bell ringing.Her

3、e comes the bus.汽车来了。There he comes他来了。这种句型不能用现在进行时。Here is what you askedufoire looking for.这就是我要的故事书。here句中也可用系动词。如:Here are some story books I want.(我找了好久)Here we are.This is the station.咱们至U了,这就是火车站。“Give me some paper. ”Here youae氏。 给你。 3 .then弓I起谓语为 come, follow 的句子。如:Then came a new difficult

4、y. 然后产生了一个新的困难。Then followed eight years of the AntiJapanese War接着是八年抗战。4 .out, in , up,down , away之类的副词作状语放在句首,主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称 代词,谓语为不及物动词come, go, run ,rush, etc。句式为:副词+ vi.+主语(必须是名词)。如:Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了 出来。In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香

5、透过窗户飘了进来。5 .介词短语作状语放在句首,谓语为不及物动词,主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为:介词短语+ vi.+主语(必须是名词)。如:In the middle of our school stands a high building. 在学校中央有一座高楼。6 .表语放在句首,表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为:表语+系动词+主语 (必须是名词)。Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。mOn t

6、he both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。7 .直接引语中间或后面,表示某人说这意思的插入语(特别是谓语较短时)。“They must be in the fields now, thought Xiao是厢地了。“小林想道。Help! Help! ” cried the giittlej、姑娘叫道:救命!救命!”如果主语不比谓语长,或是它后面有宾语,主语就仍然多放在前面。“Take your seats gentlemen, Wi

7、lson shoute亦逊嚷道:先生们坐好。”T That man is a famous star, -o Yang ttiOd me in a whisper.小杨低声告诉我说:那个人是著名的电影明星。 ”二、部分倒装1 . “only副词/介词短语/状语从句”开头的句子。如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。注意:1)在only +状语从句+主句

8、结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。2 ) only修饰主语,不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案。2 .否定词(短语)开头的句子要用部分倒装。表示否定的副词 never, nor, neither,表示半否定意义的副词 hardly , few, seldom, little ,含有 no和not 的词组by no means (决不),in no time (很快),at no time (在任何时候都不),(在任何情况下都不)not until , not only.but also , no sooner.than= hardly.when/

9、scarcely.when。即 否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+其他 ”。如:Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。注意:1)关联词的搭配。2)前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装。3 .以so开头,用“so助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,意为也,同样,也如此。表示前面叙述的

10、否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用 “neither/n/助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了, 人也变了。注意:1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合,或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法时,应用自然语序。意为的确,正是Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。一So he does and so do you.的确如此,你也是。2)倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。If you don ,t gieither/nor shall I. (If yo

11、u don ,,t g shall not go.)你不去,我也不去。注意:表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用:It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English , but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.她英语学得好,但数学学的差,露茜也是如此。4 .由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+ as+主语+其他。如:Clever as he is, he do

12、esn t study wel然他很聪明,但他学习不好。Child as he is, he knows a 10t.虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得不少事情。Much as I like it , I won t buy星然我非常喜欢它,但我不买。Try as she might, she failed.虽然她试过了,但还是失败了。注意:表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5 .在so.that从句中,如果 so+adj./adv. 放在句首,其主句要倒装。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.他讲话声音足够大,以至于每个人都能听得见

13、。If it hadn6 .如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should , were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒t beeneorthhlp, we couldn t have finished the work on time.=Hadn t it been for their help, we couldn t have finished the work on time.要不是由于他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成那.项工作。If there should be a flood , what would we do?=Should there be a flood

14、, what would we do?要是发了洪水,我们该怎么办呢?7 .频度副词及短语 often, always, now and then , many a time , every other day 等放在句首时有时也倒 装。Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。8 .某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。May you succeed.祝你成功!Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万

15、岁!【考点诠释】考点1全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装。主要有:1 .以here, there, out, in , up, down, away等副词开头,谓语动词多为be, come, go等,则须用全部倒装。如:There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain .山脚下有 一条河。2 .以then, now, thus开头,谓语动词多为come, follow , begin, end, be,主语又是名词/名词词组,则用全部倒装(若主语是代词,则不能倒装)。如:Now comes your turn!该你了3 .当地点类介词短语位

16、于句首且后有不及物动词be, come, sit, live , stand, lie , exist等时,常用全部倒装。如:On the ground lay an old man , who was dying . 地上躺着一位老人,奄奄一息。4 . such作表语,置于句首,表示 这样的人/事物;上述的人/事物”。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。 如:Such is their decision .他们的决定就是这样。考点2部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要有:1 .在疑问句中须部分倒装。但在疑问词作主语的特殊疑问句里,不用倒装。如:Does he spe

17、ak Chinese碘说中国话吗? Who is in this room? 谁在这个房间里2用于以so, nor, neither 开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容,须部分倒装,且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致,但“so+E语+d0”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,它的主语与上文的主语相同,so相当于indeed, certainly。如: Mary has learned by heart 200 words , and SO have I 玛丽已经记住了200 个单词,我也是这样。一 The girls study hard 这些女孩学习刻苦。一 so they do.

18、她们的确如此。3在以never, seldom, not only, rarely, scarcely, in no way 等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。如:Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery 我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。4 only 置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。如:Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could the operation be conducted 只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后,手

19、术才能进行。5 .在sothat suchtha向型中,当SO, such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装。如:So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him 他说话声音那样大,隔壁屋里的人都能听见。6 .在hardly when no sooner thannot until句型中,主句须部分倒装。如:Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow 他一到,天就下起雪来了。7 . as引导的让步状语从句结构为:形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语。如: 。T

20、ired as he was, he stayed up late,他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。 Explain as I might , I could not make myself understood 尽管我已经解释了,但我还是不被理解。Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,可他知道很多。(注意开头的名词前无冠词)8在省略了if 的虚拟条件句中,were, had 或 should 置于句首。如:Were I in your position , 1 would not go 我要是在你的位置上,我是不会去的。9 however, no matt

21、er how 引导的让步状语从句。如:However hard he worked , he couldn t solve the problem管多努力,他就是解决不了那个问题。解题要领这种类型的部分倒装结构为:only + 副词 / 介词短语/ 状语从句+ 系动词 be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分+ 其他成分。此类题目类型有:含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装2)含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的胡分倒装“w己(匕皿世会itk亚)+助动词4主语与总白(iw neither) +主港+助动词”之间的区别以 及与“ s.,o +主语+助动词”的句式区别(4)省略

22、if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装(5) not until置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装(6) only短语置于句首引起的部分倒装方法技巧点拨1 .考前应认真研读高考题目,了解命题人的意图,对高考方向有所把握。2 .倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯,故考生得从多方面入手,熟悉各种倒装句式,以不变应万变。3 .要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。4 .加强理解分析能力,切忌机械记忆,注意知r识间的交叉,分清句子成分。5 .在平时的学习中尽最大努力运用所学知识,达到熟能生巧的目的。,one of the1.(2020 高考英语重庆卷,33)At

23、 the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ten largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lieA项。about how they work .【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前,句子完全倒装,所以选2.(2020 高考英语四川卷,9)We laugh at jokes, but seldomA . we thinkB. think weC. we

24、do thinkD. do we think【解析】考查倒装。seldom为否定副词放句首,用部分倒装,故选Do句意为 我们因笑话而笑,但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。3.(2020高考英语上海春季卷,37)NeverLisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.A . did we thinkB . have we thoughtC. we thoughtwehave【答案】A【解析】倒装结构n当否定词n-6 ML hard:Edom等放在句苜的时候,句子要部.thought倒装,根据百意可知,应用一般过去时,因此选ASL4.(2

25、020 高考英语陕西卷,17)John opened the door. There he had never seen before.A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。表示存在关系的句子,将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时,若主语为名词,应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词.there提到了句首,而且主语为名词a girl,所以要采用完全倒装语序,所以选 D项。5.(2020 高考英语江西卷,33)Not until he left his home t

26、o know how important the family was for him.A did he beginB had he begunC he beganD he had begun【解析】考查倒装句。句意:直到离开家,他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。:not until引导的从句置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生,故用一般过去时。6、【2020 英语(琼宁卷)】New technology was used in teaching.As a result , not only, but students became more interested i

27、n the lessons.A . saved was teachers energyB . was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was savedD . was saved teachers energy【答案】B【解析】考查倒装语序。not only.but(also)是并列连接词,not only位于第一分句句首时,第一分句用部 分倒装语序。故应选 B项。7、【2020 英语(重庆卷)1 Unsatisfied with the payment , he took the job just to get some work experi

28、ence.A . though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though【答案】E解析:考查倒装句.句意,他于工资不满意,然而他干这个工作仅仅是为了获得一些工侑经哈而已、由口口甘鹏虽然。可以引导倒装句1句式为;名词动词形容词副词+hciugiL.曲 +主旨+谓语动词,故3项合适.8、【2020英语(山东卷)】So suddenthat the enemy had no time to escape.A . did the attackB . the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句。在so.that; suchthat的句子中,如果 so, such和其修饰的词放在句首,句子要倒装。结构为so/such+被修饰动词+ i1语+主语。sudden是形容词,作表语,故 C项正确。9、【2020 英语(江苏卷)Distinguished guests and friends , welcome to our school.the ceremony of the50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni ( 校友)from home and abroad.A . AttendB .

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