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1、 第第 八八 章章 商务法律合同与协议的翻译商务法律合同与协议的翻译 1讲课材料 知识目标:知识目标: 1 1、了解商务法律合同与协议用语与普通商务用语的区别、了解商务法律合同与协议用语与普通商务用语的区别 2 2、掌握最佳的合同与协议的翻译方法、掌握最佳的合同与协议的翻译方法 能力目标:能力目标: 1 1、商务法律合同与协议中习惯用语、句型的学习与掌握、商务法律合同与协议中习惯用语、句型的学习与掌握 2 2、独立的进行大段商务法律合同与协议的翻译、独立的进行大段商务法律合同与协议的翻译 2讲课材料 第一节第一节 导入导入 一、商务合同与协议的定义一、商务合同与协议的定义 在英语中,合同一般称

2、为“contract”,协议一般称为 “agreement”。何谓“contract” ?1999年中国合同法第二条对 “contract 定义为:“A contact in this Law refers to an agreement establishing,modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing,that is,between natural persons,legal persons or other organizations”。根据这一

3、定义,合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议 。L.B Curzon 在其编撰的字典 “A Dictionary of Law”给 “contract” 的定义:“Contract is a legally binding agreement”。 根据这一定义,合同就是有法律约束力的协议。综合起来看 ,有一个相同点,就是 “Contract is an agreement”,可将合同说成是 “An agreement which binds the parties concerned” 或者将合同说成是 “An agreement which is enforceable by la

4、w”,也可以说 “Contracts are promises that the law will enforce”。 何谓 “agreement” ?L.B “A consensus of mind,or evidence of such consensus,in spoken or written form,relating to anything done or to be done.” 根据这一定义,协议是 对已经做或准备做的相关事宜,经过谈判、协商后取得一致意见,以口头或书面形式做出的约定 。Black “Law Dictionary” 有两个定义。一个是:“A concord of

5、 understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties,of certain past or future facts or performance” .根据这一定义,协议 即双方或多方对某些过去或将来某些事实的相关权利、义务或相关权利、义务的履行达成的一致 理解和愿望。另一个是:“The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the tra

6、nsmission of some property,right or benefits,with the view of contacting an obligation,a mutual obligation.” 。根据这一定义,协议即两个或多个当事人,为了约定单方 责任或相互责任,就财产权利、利益的转移取得的一致同意。 3讲课材料 第一节第一节 导入导入 contract(合同)和agreement(协议)是不是可以互换呢? 合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。它由(要约和承诺构成的)协议、约因、设立 法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。L.B Curzon编著的 “A Dictionar

7、y of Law” 提到合同一般包括以下几个方面。 1. offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance(要约和绝对接受) 2. meeting of minds(意思表示一致) 3. intention to create legal relations(建立合同关系的意愿) 4. genuineness of consent(同意的真实性) 5. contractual capacity of the parties(合同当事人的缔约能力) 6. legality of object(标的物的合法性) 7. possibility of perf

8、ormance(履行的可能性) 8. certainty of terms(条款的确定性) 9. valuable consideration(等价有偿) 4讲课材料 第一节第一节 导入导入 Black “Law Dictionary” 中解释道:“Although often used as synonyms with contract,agreement is a broader term,e.g. an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact.。 即“协议”和“合同”经常用作同义词,但“协议”这一术语含义 更广,例如协

9、议可能缺乏合同的必备条款(essential clauses/provisions)。实际使用当中, 协议可不受必备条款的限制,而称为合同的文体肯定少不了必备条款,有的合同将其单列,称 为一般条款(general provisions)。1999中国合同法第十二条规定了八项一般条款,分 别是: 1. title or name and domicile of the parities(当事人的名称或姓名和住址) 2. contract object(标的) 3. quantity(数量) 4. quality(质量) 5. price or remuneration(价款或者报酬) 6. ti

10、me limit,place and method of performance(履行期限、地点和方式) 7. liability for breach of contract(违约责任) 8. methods to settle disputes(解决争议的方法) 上述解释说明,contract(合同)和agreement(协议)的概念虽然接近,但使用范围不同, 不能互换使用。合同是协议的重要组成部分,所有合同一定是协议,而协议不见得都是合同。 可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是合同。 5讲课材料 第一节第一节 导入导入 二、尝试把下列中文句子翻译成英文。二、尝试把下列中文句子

11、翻译成英文。 1.请注意,付款为保兑的,不可撤销的,允许分装和转船,见票即付的信用证支付。 2.你方最好尽早开出信用证以便我方能及时安排装运。 3.按照我方第222号销售确认书的规定,你方应于装运日期前一个月寄来信用证。 4.我们不知你方可否考虑接受我们提出的货到后凭单付款的支付方式。 5.我们所要求的支付方式是十分正常的,我们抱歉对此不能通融。 5. The mode of payment we require is quite normal. We regret we cannot accommodate you in this respect. 1. Please note that p

12、ayment is to be made by confirmed, irrevocable L/C allowing partial shipment and transhipment, available by draft st sight. 2. It would be advisable for you to establish the covering letter of credit as early as possible so as to enable us to arrange shipment in due time. 3. According to the stipula

13、tions in our Sales Confirmation No. 222, you should send us your letter of credit one-month proceeding the date of shipment. 4. We wonder if you can accept our proposal in regard to payment by D/P on arrival of goods. 6讲课材料 第一节第一节 导入导入 尝试将下列英文句子翻译成中文尝试将下列英文句子翻译成中文 6.In consideration of the pleasant

14、business relationship we have had with you for 15 years, we agree to make the concession and trust it will suit your requirements. 7.We have always been doing business on L/C basis, and you have never raised any objection. We are at a loss to understand why you now wish to have a change in payment t

15、erms. 8.We wish to emphasize that we accommodated you in this respect as an exceptional case, just to show goodwill for the development of future business with you. 6. 考虑到我们之间长达十五年令人愉快的业务关系,我们同意做出让步,考虑到我们之间长达十五年令人愉快的业务关系,我们同意做出让步, 相信这将满足你方的要求。相信这将满足你方的要求。 7. 我们一贯以信用证方式做业务,你方从来未提出异议。我们不理解为什么你方现在提出我们一

16、贯以信用证方式做业务,你方从来未提出异议。我们不理解为什么你方现在提出 要改变支付方式。要改变支付方式。 8. 我们愿强调指出,我们在这方面破例照顾你们是为了表达我们与你方发展业务的良好愿望。我们愿强调指出,我们在这方面破例照顾你们是为了表达我们与你方发展业务的良好愿望。 7讲课材料 第一节第一节 导入导入 9.As requested we are opening with our bank, the bank of China two separate L/C each for 5,000 metric tons, thus facilitating your delivery of th

17、e goods we ordered at Vancouver and Boston separately. 10.Our terms of payment are by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit in our favour available by draft at sight reaching us one month ahead of shipment remaining valid for negotiation in China for a period of further 21 days after prescribed tim

18、e of shipment and allowing transshipment and partial shipments. 10. 我们的支付方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我方为受益人的、凭即期汇票支付的我们的支付方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我方为受益人的、凭即期汇票支付的 信用证,在装船期前一个月寄达我方,于规定的装船期后二十一天在中国议付有效信用证,在装船期前一个月寄达我方,于规定的装船期后二十一天在中国议付有效 ,允许转船及分批装运。,允许转船及分批装运。 9. 根据要求,我们请我们的中国银行分别开立两份信用证,每份根据要求,我们请我们的中国银行分别开立两份信用证,每份5000公吨。公

19、吨。 这样便于你方分别在波士顿和温哥华装运我们的订货。这样便于你方分别在波士顿和温哥华装运我们的订货。 8讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sample 1 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT (SALES) EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on day of _(month), (year), by and between: (hereinafter referred to as the “Company”), a coporation organized and existing under the laws of t

20、he State of , with its registered office located at , and (hereinafter referred to as the “Employee”), an individual, with nationality of_(Passport No. ) residing at_. 9讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 雇佣合同雇佣合同 本聘用协议于_年_月 日签订,双方当事人为: 依_ 州法律组织设立的 公司(以下简称本公司),主营业地为 , 与 国籍的 (护照号码: )(以下简称雇员),居住于 。 译文译文 10讲课材料 第二节第二

21、节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sample 2 FINANCIAL INSTITUTION Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations refer to the following financial institutions that are established and operated in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the Peoples Republic of

22、China: (1) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign banks); (2) branches of foreign bank in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches); (3) banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutio

23、ns (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture banks); (4) finance companies incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies); (5) finance companies incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions (hereinaf

24、ter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies). 11讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 金融机构金融机构 本条例所称外资金融机构,是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规 的规定,经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构: (一)总行在中国境内的外国资本银行(以下简称外资银行) (二)外国银行在中国境内的分行(以下简称外资银行分行) (三)外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的银行 (以下简称合资银行) (四)总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司(以下简称外资财务 公司) (五)外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构

25、在中国境内合资经营的财务 公司(以下简称合资财务公司) 译文译文 12讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sample 3 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message The Seller must at his own expense provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination. This document (for example

26、a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill or an inland waterway document) must cover the contracted goods, be dated within the period agreed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to

27、 sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer (the negotiable bill of lading) or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. Where the seller and the buyer ha

28、ve agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraphs may be replaced by an equivalent data interchange (EDI) message. 13讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 交货凭证,运输单据或有同等作用的电子讯息交货凭证,运输单据或有同等作用的电子讯息 卖方应自付费用,毫不延迟地向买方提供表明载往约定目的港 的通常运输单据。 此单据(如可转让提单,不可转让海运单或内河运输单据)必 须载明合同货物,其日期应

29、在约定的装运期内,使买方得以在目 的港向承运人提取货物,并且,除非另有规定,应使买方得以通 过转让单据(可转让单据)或通过通知承运人,向其后手买方出 售在途货物。 如此运输单据有数份正本,则应向买方提供全套正本。 如买卖双方约定使用电子方式通讯,则前项所述单据可以由具 有同等作用的电子数据交换(EDI)讯息代替。 译文译文 14讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sample 4 TRADE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC

30、 OF The government of the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China) and the government of the Republic of . (hereinafter referred to as ), in pursuance of the trade and payments agreements signed between the two governments on 14th September, 1999, have ,through friendly negotiati

31、ons on the trade for the first agreement year (2000) between China and, entered into the following agreements; Article 1 The Peoples Republic of China shall, according to its requirements, import from. Commodities enumerated in list “A” for a total amount of $(U.S. dollars) Article 2 The Republic of

32、 shall, according to its requirements, import from China commodities enumerated in list “B” for a total amount of $ (U.S. dollars) 15讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sample 4 Article 3 List “A” and list “B” as mentioned above are parts of this contract, which have no restriction on exchanges of commodities that

33、 are not in the lists. Article 4 The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the importers and exporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides and prices shall be fixed in accordance to both sides and the prices shall be fixed in accordance with world market pr

34、ices. Article 5 In accordance with the stipulation mentioned in Article 16 of the Trade and Payment Agreement referred to above , the credit line shall be $.(U.S. dollars) This contract shall become operative from the date on which the trade and trade agreement comes into force and shall be valid fo

35、r one year. Done in duplicate in Beijing on the 14th day of September 1999 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authentic. For the Government For the Government Of the Peoples Of the Republic Republic of China of . (Signature) . (Signature) 16讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 中华人民共和国政府和

36、共和国政府中华人民共和国政府和共和国政府 贸易合同贸易合同 中华人民共和国政府(以下简称中国)和共和国政府(以下简称国).根据1999年9月14日签定的两国政 府贸易和支付协议,就第一个协定年度(2000年)的贸易进行了友好协商, 达成如下协议; 第一条第一条 中国根据需要从国进口附表 “A” 所列的商品,总值为美元。 第二条第二条 共和国根据需要从中国进口附表“B”所列的商品,总值为美元。 第三条第三条 附表“A”和附表“B”为本合同的组成部分,对未列入上述附表内的商品的交换,无限制之意。 第四条第四条 两国进出口公司所交换的商品的质量和价格应为双方都能接受,并按照国际市场价格定价。 第五条

37、第五条 根据上述贸易和支付协定第16条规定,透支额为美元。 本合同将于贸易和支付协定生效之日起实施,有效期为一年。 本合同于1999年9月14日在北京签定,一式两份,用中文和英文写成,两种文本具有同等效力。 中华人民共和国政府代表中华人民共和国政府代表 共和国代表共和国代表 (签字)(签字) (签字)(签字) 译文译文 17讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sample 5 Employee Non-disclosure Agreement For good consideration, and in consideration of being employed by _ (comp

38、any), the undersigned employee hereby agrees and acknowledges: 1. That during the course of my employment there may be disclosed to me certain trade secrets of the company; the said trade secrets consisting but not necessarily limited to: a) Technical information: methods, processes, formulas, compo

39、sitions, systems, techniques, inventions, machines, computer programs and research projects. b) Business information: customer lists, pricing data, sources of supply, financial data and marketing, production or merchandising systems or plans. 2. I agree that I shall not during, or at any time after

40、the termination of my employment with the Company, use for myself or others, or disclose or divulge to others including future employees, any trade secrets, confidential information or any other proprietary data of the Company in violation of this agreement. 3. That upon the termination of my employ

41、ment from the company: a) I shall return to the Company all documents and property of the Company, including but not necessary limited to: drawings, blueprints, reports, manuals, correspondence, customer lists, computer programs, and all other materials and all copies thereof relating in any way to

42、the Companys business, or in any way obtained by me during the course of employment. b) The Company may notify any further or prospective employer or third party of the existence of this agreement, and shall be entitled to full injunctive relief for any breach. c) This agreement shall be binding upo

43、n me and my personal representative and successors in interest. 18讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 员工保密协议员工保密协议 出于各方考虑,并鉴于被(公司)雇佣,我(签署本协议的员工)同意并接受: 1受雇期间可能被透露有关公司的商业秘密;上述商业秘密包括但不限 于: a) 技术信息:方法,程序,公式,成分,系统,技术,发明,机器, 电脑程序和研究项目。 b) 商业信息:客户名单,价格资料,供应来源,财务数据和市场,生产或销售体系或计划。 2我同意在受雇期间,或与公司终止关系后的任何时间,遵守本协议规定,不为自己或其他人使

44、用 或向他人包括公司将来的雇员透露任何商业秘密,保密信息或其他任何与公司相关的资料。 3一旦终止与公司的雇佣关系: a) 我应归还所有公司的文件和财产,包括但不限于:图纸,蓝图,报告,手册,信件,客户名单, 电脑程序和其他任何与公司业务有关的,或在雇佣期间取得的材料及复印件。 b) 公司可以告知任何将来的或可能的雇员或第三方本协议的存在,并有权就任何违约行为采取禁止 令措施。 c) 本协议对我及我的代表和有关继任人有效。 译文译文 19讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sample 6 EXCLUSIVE AGENCY CONTRACT In consideration of the

45、exclusive rights granted herein, Party A shall not, directly or indirectly, sell or export the commodity stipulated in Article 4 to customers in Singapore through channels other than Party B; Party B shall not sell, distribute or promote the sales of any products competitive with or similar to the a

46、bove commodity in Singapore and shall not solicit or accept orders for the purpose of selling them outside Singapore. Party A shall refer to Party B any enquiries or orders for the commodity in question received by Party A from other firms in Singapore during the validity of this agreement. 1. Marke

47、t Report In order to keep Party A well informed of the prevailing market conditions, Party B should undertake to supply Party A, at least once a quarter or at any time when necessary, with market reports concerning changes of the local regulations in connection with the import and sales of the commo

48、dity covered by this agreement, local market tendency and the buyers comments on quality, packing, price, etc. of the goods supplied by Party A under this agreement. Party B shall also supply party A with quotations and advertising materials on similar products of other suppliers. 2. Advertising and

49、 Expenses Party A shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity in connection with the commodity in question in Singapore within the validity of this agreement, and shall submit to Party A all audio and video materials intended for advertising for prior approval. 20讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 Sampl

50、e 6 3. Commission Party A shall pay Party B a commission of 5% on the net invoiced selling price on all orders directly obtained by Party B and accepted by party A. No commission shall be paid until Party A receives the full payment for each order. 4. Transactions Between Governmental Bodies Transac

51、tions between governmental bodies of Party A and Party B shall not be restricted by the terms and conditions of this agreement, nor shall the amount of such transactions be counted as part of the turnover stipulated in Article 5. 5. Industrial Property Rights Party B may use the trade-marks owned by

52、 Party A for the sale of the Washing Machines covered herein within the validity of this agreement, and shall acknowledge that all patents, trademarks, copy rights or any other industrial property rights used or embodied in the Washing Machines shall remain to be the sole properties of Party A. Shou

53、ld any infringement be found, Party B shall promptly notify and assist Party A to take steps to protect the latters rights. 21讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 独家代理协议独家代理协议 基于本协议授予的独家代理权,甲方不得直接或间接地通过乙方以外的渠道向新加坡顾客销售或出口第四条所列商 品,乙方不得在新加坡经销、分销或促销与上述商品相竞争或类似的产品,也不得招揽或接受以到新加坡以外地区 销售为目的的订单,在本协议有效期内,甲方应将其收到的来自新加坡其他商家的有关

54、代理产品的询价或订单转交 给乙方。 1. 商情报告 为使甲方充分了解现行市场情况,乙方承担至少每季度一次或在必要时随时向甲方提供市场报告,内容包括与本协 议代理商品的进口与销售有关的地方规章的变动、当地市场发展趋势以及买方对甲方按协议供应的货物的品 质、 包装、价格等方面的意见。乙方还承担向甲方提供其他供应商类似商品的报价和广告资料。 2. 广告费用 乙方负担本协议有效期内在新加坡销售代理商品做广告宣传的一切费用,并向甲方提交所用于广告的声像资料,供 甲方事先核准。 3. 佣金 对乙方直接获取并经甲方确认接受的订单,甲方按净发票售价向乙方支付5%的佣金。佣金在甲方收到每笔订单的 全部货款后才会

55、支付。 4. 政府间交易 在甲、乙双方政府部门之间达成的交易不受本协议条款的限制,此类交易的金额也不应计入第五条规定的最低业务 量。 5. 工业知识产权 在本协议有效期内,为销售有关洗衣机,乙方可以使用甲方拥有的商标,并承认使用于或包含于洗衣机中的任何专 利商标、版权或其他工业产权为甲方独家拥有。 一旦发现侵权,乙方应立即通知甲方并协助甲方采取措施保护甲方 权益。 译文译文 22讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 (一) 文章分析 商务法律合同与协议中倾向于使用长词,生词,罕见词等,加之句子拖沓,结构复杂, 因此,译者在动笔翻译之前应仔细阅读原文,理清文章的脉络。汉译时,应注意使用专门的

56、 词汇。此外,根据上述函件不带感情色彩的文体特点,译文应尽量避免使用口语词,在这其 中要注意两点: 第一,翻译时要注意用词的精确,而无须过多的关注用词多样化问题。因此,一个词在 同一篇,同一段落,甚至同一个句子中往往会重复多次,而很少用代词或同义词替代。翻译 时,切忌一词数译。当然,在不引起歧义的情况下,如有必要,也可做适当调整。 第二,法律等文书措辞谨慎缜密,汉译时,对于某些词的处理不可草率从事,而该用多 维的专业知识,根据上下文内容,仔细分析推敲,把握其中的真实含义,作出精确的词义选 择。对于某些从表面看起来无关紧要的字眼,也要认真对待,不可随意丢弃或胡乱引申。更 不能急于求成而草草从事。

57、涉外合同按繁简不同,可以采取不同的书面形式。 总之,商务法律合同与协议的翻译要保持原文的格式、体列和程式。为保持原文的风格和 体列,有助于反映原文的风貌,防止理解有误,应把汉语的句子翻译的更长一些。此外对于 其中包含的专有商务词汇,译者在翻译之前可参考一些词典和书籍。这一点尤为重要。 三三 译文分析译文分析 23讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 (二) 词句分析 例(1) 1. 本段文字是合同的开场白(Commencement),内容在说明当事人的姓名或名称、国籍 或注册地国及住所地或主营业地、订约日期包括各自在合同中的简称。 2. 要表示合同是由哪些当事人所订立,英文中通常会说“Th

58、is Agreement is made by and between”,用“by” 来表示合同“由谁订立”,“between”来表示“谁与 谁之间的订立”。如果当事人不只两个,也可以用“by and among”来代替。 3. 合同开场白里要说明当事人的国籍,在自然人的情况下可以用“a nation of ”或“an individual with the nationality of”来表示,如果是法人组织多半使用“organized and existing under the laws of ”这样的字眼,其中“organized”也可以用 “incorporated”来代替。 4.“

59、registered office”是指一个公司的“注册所在地”,它和“principal office”或 “principle place of business”即“主营业地”并不一定位于同一个地方。 24讲课材料 第二节第二节 翻译例析翻译例析 例(2) 1. hereinafter的英文释义为“later in the same Contract”,中文译词为“以下,在下文” 。一般与referred to as, called等词组连用,以避免重复,置于这些词组前面,与之紧 邻。 2. Financial institutions with foreign capital ment

60、ioned in these Regulations refer to the following financial institutions that are established and operated in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the Peoples Republic of China. 本条例所称外资金融机构,是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定,经批准在中国 境内设立和营业的下列金融机构。 (1)此句中,“financial institut

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