新概念语法串讲

1、Unit One 冠词&数词Group One 冠词.分类r不定冠词 a / an定冠词the / the零冠词/.定冠词与不定冠词的区别a / anthe / theonethis / that / these / those一个泛指 用于可数名词单数这个/那个/这些/那些 特指用于所有名词三、不定冠词1. a/ an （不定冠词）的概述a用在以辅音字母开头，或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词前面：a on e-way street一条单行 马路an用在以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）开头，或以不发音的h字母开头的单词前面：an hour 小时。an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面：

2、an 一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数。2. a/an的用法A用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单数可数名词前面：He bought an ice-cream.他买了一个冰淇淋。B用在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面：A child needs love孩子需要爱。相当于：Allchildren need/Any child needs love.所有孩子/任何孩子都需要爱。C用在作表语的名词（包括职业名称）前面：It was an earthquake是一次地震。D用在某些表示数量的词组中：a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozer）。E用在某些数字前面：a thousa nd千。当

3、half 跟在一个整数后面时，a 用在 half 前面:1.5 kilos = one and a half kilos or a kilo and a half, 一公斤半；但是 0.5kilos = half a kilo （half 前不用 a） 可以说“卅half名词” a half- holiday 一次半天假。表示1/3, 1/4, 1/5等分数时，前面常用a： a third三分之一；但也可以用one。F用在表示价格、速度、比率等的词组中：sixty kilometers an hour每小时60公里（这里a/ an=per）G用在感叹句中单数可数名词前面： What a pre

4、tty girl!多漂亮的姑娘！但是：What pretty girls! 多漂亮的姑娘们！（是复数名词，所以不用冠词。）H用在Mr./Mrs. /Miss+姓氏之前：a Mr. Smith是指一位姓史密斯的先生，表示这位史密斯 先生对于说话的人是陌生的。如果 Mr. Smith前不加a,则说明说话人认识史密斯先生或知道 有这么个人。3. a/ an的省略a/ an不用在以下几种情况下：A复数名词之前：a/an没有复数形式，所以a dog的复数是dogs, an egg的复数是eggs B不可数名词之前。C三餐名称之前，但这些名称前加形容词时除外：He gave us a good break

5、fast他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。为了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前要用冠词：I was invited to a dinner given towelcome the new ambassador我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。4. a/ an 和 oneA a/ an和one （形容词）1计算时间、测量距离或重量等时，a/an或one可以用于单数的前面： 1, 000, 000= a/one million pounds 100万英镑。但是，请注意：The rent is 100 a week.房租为每星期100英镑。这个句子中week前面的 a不能用one代替。在其他类型的陈述句

6、中a/an和one通常不能互换，因为one+名词通常意为one only/not more than one （只有一个），而 a/an则没有这个意思：A shotgun is no good猎枪不行。（这种武器不合适。）One shotgun is no good 一枝猎枪不行。（我需要两枝或三枝。）2 one的特殊用法（a） one （形容词/代词）与 ano ther/ others 对照连用： One （boy） wan ted to read, ano ther / others wan ted to watch TV. 个（男孩）想看书，另一个/别的男孩们想看电视。（b）one可以

7、用在 day/ week/ mon th/ year/ summer/ w in ter等词之前，或者用在日期或 月份的名称之前，以特指某事发生的时间： One win ter the snow fell early.有一年冬天雪下得 早。（c）one day 也可用来表示 at some future date （将来有一天）：One day you II be sorry you treated him so badly.（这里也可用someday）终有一天你会因为待他这么不好而后悔的。B a/ an 和 one （代词）one是可以用来代替a/an的相应的代词形式：-Did you ge

8、t a ticket ? -Yes， I managed to get one.-你搞到票了吗？-是的，我设法搞到了一张。具有这种用法的 one 的复数形式是 some： -Did you get tickets ? -Yes，I man aged to get some - 你搞到票了吗？-是的，我设法搞了几张。四、定冠词A形式英语的定冠词the没有单、复数变化：the boy这/那个男孩the girls这/那些女孩the days这/那些天B用法：the 不the原则：用The的情况不用the的情况独一无二天体和建筑前人名、街名、城市名前以most开头的最高级前序数词表示第几序数词表示下

9、一个，再一次时前加a/an国家名称简称前中国传统节日前山名采用 the+ 山名 + mountain (the Tai mountain )当山很著名时可用 Mount+山名（Mount Tai）西洋乐器前其他功能前某些地点第一功能前(school/hospital/church)某些形容词前加 the 表示一类人 the poor/rich/living/dead/young/oldthe+姓氏s氏家族（一家人）the+姓氏宅（房子）五.零冠词的用法1. 一日三餐前（除 meal夕卜）2. by +交通工具3. 学科前4球类、棋类前5. 星期、月份、季节前6. 独一无二的职务前（presid

10、ent/chairman/monitor/king）Group Two 数词一. 分类L基数词：数量的多少-序数词：顺序的先后二. 基数词1. 基数词的读法与写法广从右往左，三位一逗号第一逗号：thousa nd第二逗号： millio n第三逗号：billio n百位和十位and连I十位和个位“一”连2. 三明三暗三明：三暗： 前无数字表虚数， eg. hundreds of tourists 前有数字后无限定， eg. five hundred tourists 前有数字后有限定， eg. three hundred of the touristsseveral hundred of th

11、e tourists （several算作数字）3. 半个 a halfThree days and a half day (false)Three and a half days(true)Three days and a half(true)三. 序数词基数词t序数词的变化规则：逢一、二、三要全变，其余的 th加后边，八减 t,九减 e f 代ve , ty 变成tie 四. 数词综合用法1. 编号表达法(1) . e.g. the first day(2) . e.g. Less on one(3) .(数字读法同电话号码)2. 时间表达法(1) .整读法：(2) .顺读法：e.g. 3

12、:20 three twenty ;9:55 nine fift-five ;6:30 six thirty(3) .逆读法：Lpast = 30to 30e.g. 11:05 five past eleve n; 1:58 two to two7:30 half past seve n;5:15 a quarter past five4:45 a quarter to five3. 日期表达法：英：日月年the 8th of August, 2008美：月 日年 April 8 th , 20084. 年龄表达法具体年龄：几十几岁： eg. i n one eighties十几岁:in on

13、e s tee ns5. 年代表达法二十世纪八十年代：the 1980s / the 1980s6. 分数表达法口诀：eg. 1/7 on e-seve nth ;2/7 two-seve nths ;1/2 a half ;1/4 a quarter; 3/4 three quarters7. 小数表达法-同中文读法一样(点前读数字点后读个位)L 点：pointeg. 198.765 one hun dred and nin ety-eight point seve n six fivePart One课堂练习冠词1. Justi n Bieber isCan adia n sin ger

14、and he has lots of fans.A. aB. anC. theD. /2. As we know, En gla nd isEuropea n country and Sin gapore isAsia n country.A. an; anB. an; aC a; aD. a; an3. He ishon est boy and I waited for him forhour yesterday.A. a; aB. an; anC. a; anD. an; a4. I really likeook you lent me yesterday.A. aB. anC. theD

15、. /5. We can havebluer sky if we createless polluted world.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the数词1. The importa nt sports festival, the Olympic Games,held everyyears.A. is; fiveB. are; threeC. is; fourD. are; two2. I had lear ned overEn glish words by the end of last tem.A. two thousa nd, an hun dre

16、d and fifty-one B. two thousa nd, one hun dred and fifty-oneC. two thousand, one hundred and fifty-one D. two thousand, a hundred and fifty-one3. David helps his mother with the housework every Saturday for about.A. one and half hours B. a half and an hour C. an hour and half D. one and a half hours

17、4. - Which is the biggest nu mber of the four? -.A. On e-thirdB. Two thirdsC. A halfD. A quarter5. - How was our bay off yesterday?-Perfect! It was my grandma bsthday. We had a big cake.A. eightyB. eightiethC. the eightieth D. the eightyPart Two课后练习一、用适当的冠词填空1. man is walk ing towards me.man is carr

18、y ingparcel.2. children are very happy onChildren s Day.3. There s orange sweater onbed.sweater is Jane s.4. Yellow River is often calledMother River.5. In 1969 two America ns got tomoon byspaceship. They found it was very hot inday and very cold atni ght there.二、用下列数词的适当形式填空1. We live on(nine) floo

19、r.2. Please take(two) turni ng on the left.3. (four) mon th is April.4. (twelve) month of the year is December.s populati on was about 1,700 milli on.D. the; a5. At the beg inning of the(twe nty) cen tury, the world三、单项选择1. - Excuse me. Is therepark n earby?-Yes. It s over there next to post office.

20、A. a; /B. a; theC. /; the2. Is thisonly train for Shan ghai?C. anD. /A. theB. a3. - There isapple here. - Oh, apple is very red.A. an; theB. a; the4. The road is overmeters long.A. six hun dred and fifty-twoC. six hun dred , fifty-two5. We have bee n in the school for.C. an; anD. a; anB. six hun dre

21、ds and fifty-twoD six hundred, fifty and twoB. three and a half mon thsC. three mon th and a halfD. three mon ths and halfA. three and a half month146. It is well known that doctors are badl n eeded in the hospital.A. aB. theC. anD. /7. Whatfine weather we have these days!A. aB. theC. anD. /8. Nearl

22、yof the earthcovered by sea.C. three fourth; are D. three fourths; areA. three fourth; isB. three fourths; is9. Pass medictio nary n ext o the radio, and I also neepen to take some no tes.A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD the; a10. More tha n ninestude nts are doing sports now.A. hun dredsB. hun dred ofC

23、. hun dredD. hun dreds of11. My father sent mestamps last week.A. two hun dreds fourty twoB. two hun dreds and forty-twoC. two hun dred and forty-twoD. two hun dred and fourty two12. She is notAmerica n. She isEuropea n.A. an; anB. a; aC. an; aD. a; an13. Avatar（阿凡达）is suchwonderful scienee fiction

24、movie that I want to see it secondtime.A. a; aB. a; theC. /; theD. /; a14. It s not good idea to drive for four hours withoutbreak.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the15. Whe n grows up, he wants to beNBA player.A. aB. anC. theD. /16. Nowadaysof bus in ess letters are writte n in En glish.A. two thi

25、rdB. two thirdsC. two threeD. second three17. - Who is your En glish teacher?-Mr. White, Europea n worki ng inPek ing Un iversity.A. an; theB. a; theC. an; /D. a; /18.1 think you have dropped r in writing merry A. aB. anC. theD. /19. I think less on is the most difficult in this book.A. fiveB. fifth

26、C. the fifthD. fifteenB. twenty-nine October, 1989D. October twen ty-nin e, 198920. - When were you born? - I was born on A. 1989, October, 2hC. October 2h, 198921. The scie ntists fromUni ted States live in Ni nth Street.A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /22. The teacher said thatof the boys would

27、 take part in the tale nt show.A. three fiveB. three fivesC. thirds fifthsD. three fifths23. You can havesec ond try if you fail first time.A. the; /B. /; aC. the; aD. a; the24. In the Uni ted States, Fatler s Day falls on third Su nday inJune.A. the; /B. the; aC. /; theD. a; /25. there s 800-meter-

28、long road behindhospital.A. an; anB. a; aC. an; theD. a; the26. Come to my office tomorrow morning at 10:00 o clock. It s inA. No. 505 Room B. 505 No. Room C. Room 505D. 505 Room27. There arestude nts play ing basketball in the room.A. score ofB. scores ofC. two scoresD. two score of28. young man wi

29、th a walkma n in his hand isexcelle nt football player.A. the; anB. the; aC. a; theD. the; the29. The young man playsvioli n very well, but he plays basketball badly.A. the; theB. a; a30. We ofte n haverice forlunchA. the; theB. a; a31. That s not our car. It belongs toA. the Brow nsB. the Brow nsC.

30、 a; theD. the; /C. the; /D. /; /C. the Browns D. Brow ns32. - Do you enjoy your school life ?- Yes, of course. Ive haw on derful time.A. aB. anC. theD. /33. The cott on producti on has in creased byperce nt this year compared with last year.A. five point six eightB. five point sixty-eightC. fifth po

31、int and six eightD. five pint and six eight34. - How many years has life bee n on earth? -years, I think.A. five millio nsB. millio ns ofC. 5 millio ns ofD. Millio ns35. Look, Simon, Walkma n that I bought last year isnA. aB. anC. thet wording propD. /36. Severalthe girls will take part in the compe

32、titi on.A. hun dredB. hun dredsC. hun dred ofD. hun dreds of37. - When shall we leave? - We ll leave at.A. a half past one B. half past one38. How deep is the hole? It is.A. four meter deep B. four metersC. half to oneD. one past halfC. four-meter deepD. four-meters deep39. Sandy ofte n takes her do

33、g forwalk around the lake after supper.A. aB. anC. theD. /40. There are fivepeople died in the accide nt.A. hundredB. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of41. Joh n bega n to lear n Japa nese by himself in.A. the fiftyB. the fiftiesC. his fiftyD. his fifties42. This is abuild ing, which is abouthigh.A

34、. six-floor; 38-meter B. six-floors; 38-meter C. six-floor; 38-meters D. six-floors; 38-meters43. - What do you want to be in the future, Nick?-I want to bepilot. It is exciting job.A. a; aB. a; an C. the; an D. a; the44. Paris ismost beautiful city, where you can seefamous Eiffel Tower.A. a; theB.

35、the; theC. the; aD. /; the45. - You ve dropped s in the word necessa Oh, letter s is doubled.D. the; theD. five year oldD. two millio n ofsec ond time.A. a; aB. a; theC. an; the46. I don t believe that this boy can paint such a nice picture.A. five years oldB. five-years-oldC. five-year-old47. Footb

36、all is so exciting thatpeople in the world play it.A. millio n ofB. millio ns ofC. two millio ns of48. Shan ghai ismost beautiful city and I believe I will come forA. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; a49. Before I talked with scie ntist, I had n ever met suchclever pers on before.A. a; theB. the; aC.

37、 /; aD. /; the50. Many people think 2012 is one ofmost successful films.A. aB. anC. theD. /Unit Two名词&代词Group One 名词一、种类：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡表示可以计数的名词叫做可数名词 （countable noun）, 在英语字典里以C来表示；凡表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫做不可数名词（uncountable noun），英语字典里以U来表示。二、可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：规则变化的名词复数形式规则 1 一般

38、情况 +s e.g. shells shells bookbooks规则 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 +es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches, bus buses, watchwatches规则 3 以 o 结尾 +s 或+es e.g. potato potatoes, Negro Negroes, hero heroes, tomatotomatoes, （口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加 s, radio宀radios规则 4 以 f, fe 结尾的，变 f, fe 为 ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves, she

39、lfshelves, citycities,wife t wives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g. skyskiesfly tflies不规则变化的名词复数形式单数 man woman foot goose tooth复数 men women feet geese teeth单数 child sheep deer mouse fish复数 children sheep deer mice fish三、不可数名词无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice （米）抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness （寒冷）不可数名词有以下特

40、点：1、不能用a, an修饰2、不能加s3、和单数be动词或动词搭配4、 不可数名词前可用 some或any来修饰1 ）不可数名词前加上 some后，名词本身保持单数形式不变；2） some和不可数名词构成的短语是单数性质的短语。5、不可数名词可以量化为“条、块”等。如：a glass of milk一瓶牛奶 量词后必须加介词 of来连接不可数名词。四、复合名词的复数形式1通常是把最后一个词变成复数形式：break ins入室盗窃travel age nts旅行社经纪人如man和woman位于复合名词的第一部分，两部分都要变成复数：men drivers男司机，women drivers 女司

41、机2 由动词 +er 构成的名词 +副词组成的复合名词构成复数形式时，只需把第一个词变为复数： han gers-on食客，奉承者lookers on旁观者runners up （在竞选、赛跑等中）占第二位的人，亚军另外，由名词 +介词 +名词构成的复合名词变为复数时，也同样只需将第一个词变为复数： ladies-inwaiting 侍从女官sisters-in-law 嫂子，弟媳wards of court 法庭指定受监护者 五、名词所有格：名词意思是“的”） 有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加 “但注意:1）表两者共有则在后者加“ s”Lucy and Lily s fat露西和莉莉的父亲。2

42、）表示两者分别拥有则在两个名词后分别加 “ sLucy s and Lily s fathS的父亲和莉莉的父亲3) 以s结尾的词只加“”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father4) 无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk6) 双重所有格： a friend of my father sa friend of mi ne ( V ) a friend of my( x )7) 用名词所有格表示处所肉铺叫a butcher shs)p，但通常略写为 a butcher s类似情况下的 shop, house, office都可

43、以省略：a tailor 裁缝铺 / a barber 理发店 / a doctor 诊所 / my sister 我姐姐的家 / stationer 文具店 / Chaplin 卓别林的家8) 用于某些固定表达中：a stone s thro一箭之遥at one s wit s黔驴技穷at arm esnlgth 以一臂之距Group Two 代词主语：1。比如本句中，“喜爱”这个动作就是I发出的谓语：love。宾语：it。It承受着喜爱这个动作。主格宾格我Ime你youyou他hehim她sheher它itit我们weus你们youyou他们theythem人称代词主格作，通常放句首,人称

44、代词宾格作，通常放在动词或介词后。二.物主代词.形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词（后有名词）（后无名词）我的mymi ne你的youryours他的hishis她的herhers它的itsits我们的ourours你们的youryours他们的theirtheirs口决：人称代词Iloveit.形容词性物主代词后加名词，名词性物主代词后不加名词。三反身代词。1. 含义：a. 主语与宾语为同一人I love myself.b. 强调动作是自己独立完成的I can do my homework by myself.2. 构成myself第一二人称yourselfourselves yourselve

45、s+self/selveshim self第三人称herselfitselfthemselves+self/selves四复合不定代词1使用复合不定代词时，需注意以下7点： 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 代词与-thi ng构成的复合不定代词，用 it;代词与-body,-。ne构成的复合不定代词，一般用they,在正式文体中可用he。如：Everyone knows what they have / he has to do, don t they / does每个人都he?道他们必须做什么，不 是吗？每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？ 修饰它们的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面，如：Thi

46、s is something special.这是种特别的东西。Haven t you got anything to do?你无事可干吗？ 除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，要加在else后面。如:Grammart miisn t everybody s idea 语法不是每个人都认为有兴趣。That must be somebody else s coat; it isn那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 every on e=everybody, anyon e=a nybody, 只指人，不能与 of短语连用；every one, any one 可

47、指人也可指物， 一定要与 of连用才可以。如：Is an ybody here?有人吗？ You can take anyone of these .你可以随便拿一个。 与some-, any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与 some, any的用法相同。与 any-构成的复合不定代词一般用 于否定句或疑问句中，notany-构成完全否定，但没有any-not的说法；与some-构成的复合不定代词用 于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中。 与no-构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义，所以一定要与肯定的动词连用。not与由every-构成的复合不定代词是部分否定。 当anythin

48、g表示任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone, anybody表示 无论谁，任何人等意义时， 它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：Any thi ng is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。2、复合不定代词的否定 、“n ot every表示的是部分否定，意为并非都，不都”。例如：Not everythi ng will go well.并非一切都会那么顺利。The teacher did n t call every one老师并 nai有点所有人的名。 、not anything/anyone/anybody 禾卩nothing/nobo

49、dy/no one均表示全否定。例如：He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。=He listened, but didn t hear anything.You haven t called anyone/anybody up, have yoi你没给谁打过电话，是吗？=You have called no one/n obody up, have you? 、如果需要用一个否定词来作句子的开头，那么就必须用n othi ng/nobody/no one,而不能用 not anything/anyone/anybody。如：3、合与分的区别问题

50、 、 some one, anyone, every one 者 E只能指人，且不和介词of 连用；some one, anyone, every one 贝 U既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。例如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。-Which toy would you like? -A ny one is OK.- 你要那个玩具？-随便。 、no one （=nobody）没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词 of连用；none没有一个,既可以用来指人 也可用来指物。例如：No one can

51、do it better.没有人能做得更好。None of these questi ons is easy, and none of us can eve n an swer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的， 我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one;回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。-Who was late ? -No one.-谁迟到了？-谁也没有迟到。-How many pigs do you keep? -None.- 你养几头猪？ -一头也没养。Group One:名词Part One课堂练习一、单项选

52、择1.I have a lot of newA. pencilB. pen cilsC. pen cilesD. a pencil2. Look! Theis coming.A. busB. busesC. bussD. cars3. Don t make noise. Theare sleeping.A. babyB. babysC. babiesD. babyes4. There are manyon the farm.A.sheepB.sheepsC. cowD. horse5. Can you give me two A. glass of milkB. glass of milksC

53、. glasses of milkD. glasses of milks6. I am very hungry.I can eat three.A. piece of breadB. pieces of breadC. pieces of breadsD. piece of breads7.1 want to buy a box of.A. matchesB. matchC. matchsD. matchies8. Tomatoes andare vegetables.A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoesD. a potato9. My En glish teacher likes tak ing very muc