外文文献翻译(基于单片机的数字滤波器设计

1、毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译院 系：电子与电气工程系年级专业：姓 名：学 号：附 件：digital filter design指导老师评语：所翻译的外文参考文献与毕业论文选题一致，翻译较为准确，撰写格式规范，装订正确。指导教师签名：年 月 日外文文献：digital filter designAbstract：With the information age and the advent of the digital world, digital signal processing has become one of todays most important disciplines and

2、 door technology. Digital signal processing in communications, voice, images, automatic control, radar, military, aerospace, medical and household appliances, and many other fields widely applied. In the digital signal processing applications, the digital filter is important and has been widely appl

3、ied. Keyword：SCM; Proteus, C language; Digital filter1、 figures Unit on : Analog and digital filtersIn signal processing, the function of a filter is to remove unwanted parts of the signal, such as random noise, or to extract useful parts of the signal, such as the components lying within a certain

4、frequency range. The following block diagram illustrates the basic idea. There are two main kinds of filter, analog and digital. They are quite different in their physical makeup and in how they work. An analog filter uses analog electronic circuits made up from components such as resistors, capacit

5、ors and op amps to produce the required filtering effect. Such filter circuits are widely used in such applications as noise reduction, video signal enhancement, graphic equalisers in hi-fi systems, and many other areas. There are well-established standard techniques for designing an analog filter c

6、ircuit for a given requirement. At all stages, the signal being filtered is an electrical voltage or current which is the direct analogue of the physical quantity (e.g. a sound or video signal or transducer output) involved. A digital filter uses a digital processor to perform numerical calculations

7、 on sampled values of the signal. The processor may be a general-purpose computer such as a PC, or a specialised DSP (Digital Signal Processor) chip. The analog input signal must first be sampled and digitised using an ADC (analog to digital converter). The resulting binary numbers, representing suc

8、cessive sampled values of the input signal, are transferred to the processor, which carries out numerical calculations on them. These calculations typically involve multiplying the input values by constants and adding the products together. If necessary, the results of these calculations, which now

9、represent sampled values of the filtered signal, are output through a DAC (digital to analog converter) to convert the signal back to analog form. Note that in a digital filter, the signal is represented by a sequence of numbers, rather than a voltage or current. The following diagram shows the basi

10、c setup of such a system. Unit refers to the input signals used to filter hardware or software. If the filter input, output signals are separated, they are bound to respond to the impact of the Unit is separated, such as digital filters filter definition. Digital filter function, which was to import

11、 sequences X transformation into export operations through a series Y.According to figures filter function 24-hour live response characteristics, digital filters can be divided into two, namely, unlimited long live long live the corresponding IIR filter and the limited response to FIR filters. IIR f

12、ilters have the advantage of the digital filter design can use simulation results, and simulation filter design of a large number of tables may facilitate simple. It is the shortcomings of the nonlinear phase; Linear phase if required, will use the entire network phase-correction. Image processing a

13、nd transmission of data collection is required with linear phase filters identity. And FIR linear phase digital filter to achieve, but an arbitrary margin characteristics. Impact from the digital filter response of the units can be divided into two broad categories : the impact of the limited respon

14、se (FIR) filters, and unlimited number of shocks to (IIR) digital filters. FIR filters can be strictly linear phase, but because the system FIR filter function extremity fixed at the original point, it can only use the higher number of bands to achieve their high selectivity for the same filter desi

15、gn indicators FIR filter called band than a few high-IIR 5-10 times, the cost is higher, Signal delay is also larger. But if the same linear phase, IIR filters must be network-wide calibration phase, the same section also increase the number of filters and network complexity. FIR filters can be used

16、 to achieve non-Digui way, not in a limited precision of a shock, and into the homes and quantitative factors of uncertainty arising from the impact of errors than IIR filter small number, and FIR filter can be used FFT algorithms, the computational speed. But unlike IIR filter can filter through th

17、e simulation results, there is no ready-made formula FIR filter must use computer-aided design software (such as MATLAB) to calculate. So, a broader application of FIR filters, and IIR filters are not very strict requirements on occasions.Unit from sub-functions can be divided into the following fou

18、r categories : (1) Low-filter (LPF); (2) high-filter (HPF); (3) belt-filter (BPF); (4) to prevent filter (BSF).The following chart dotted line for the ideals of the filter frequency characteristics : 2、 MATLAB introducedMATLAB is a matrix laboratory (Matrix Laboratory) is intended. In addition to an

19、 excellent value calculation capability, it also provides professional symbols terms, word processing, visualization modeling, simulation and real-time control functions. MATLAB as the worlds top mathematical software applications, with a strong engineering computing, algorithms research, engineerin

20、g drawings, applications development, data analysis and dynamic simulation, and other functions, in aerospace, mechanical manufacturing and construction fields playing an increasingly important role. And the C language function rich, the use of flexibility, high-efficiency goals procedures. High lan

21、guage both advantages as well as low level language features. Therefore, C language is the most widely used programming language. Although MATLAB is a complete, fully functional programming environment, but in some cases, data and procedures with the external environment of the world is very necessa

22、ry and useful. Filter design using Matlab, could be adjusted with the design requirements and filter characteristics of the parameters, visual simple, greatly reducing the workload for the filter design optimization.In the electricity system protection and secondary computer control, many signal pro

23、cessing and analysis are based on are certain types Yeroskipou and the second harmonics of the system voltage and current signals (especially at D process), are mixed with a variety of complex components, the filter has been installed power system during the critical components. Current computer pro

24、tection and the introduction of two digital signal processing software main filter. Digital filter design using traditional cumbersome formula, the need to change the parameters after recalculation, especially in high filters, filter design workload. Uses MATLAB signal processing boxes can achieve r

25、apid and effective digital filter design and simulatioMATLAB is the basic unit of data matrix, with its directives Biaodashi mathematics, engineering, commonly used form is very similar, it is used to solve a problem than in MATLAB C, Fortran and other languages End precision much the same thing. Th

26、e popular MATLAB 5.3/Simulink3.0 including hundreds of internal function with the main pack and 30 types of tool kits (Toolbox). kits can be divided into functional tool kits and disciplines toolkit. MATLAB tool kit used to expand the functional symbols terms, visualization simulation modelling, wor

27、d processing and real-time control functions. professional disciplines toolkit is a stronger tool kits, tool kits control, signal processing tool kit, tool kits, etc. belonging to such communicationsMATLAB users to open widely welcomed. In addition to the internal function, all the packages MATLAB t

28、ool kits are readable document and the document could be amended, modified or users through Yuanchengxu the construction of new procedures to prepare themselves for kits.3、 Digital filter design Digital filter design of the basic requirements Digital filter design must go through three steps :(1) Id

29、entification of indicators : In the design of a filter, there must be some indicators. These indicators should be determined on the basis of the application. In many practical applications, digital filters are often used to achieve the frequency operation. Therefore, indicators in the form of genera

30、l jurisdiction given frequency range and phase response. Margins key indicators given in two ways. The first is absolute indicators. It provides a function to respond to the demands of the general application of FIR filter design. The second indicator is the relative indicators. Its value in the for

31、m of answers to decibels. In engineering practice, the most popular of such indicators. For phase response indicators forms, usually in the hope that the system with a linear phase frequency bands human. Using linear phase filter design with the following response to the indicators strengths：it only

32、 contains a few algorithms, no plural operations；there is delay distortion, only a fixed amount of delay; the filter length N (number of bands for N-1), the volume calculation for N/2 magnitude.(2) Model approach : Once identified indicators can use a previous study of the basic principles and relat

33、ionships, a filter model to be closer to the target system.(3) Achieved : the results of the above two filters, usually by differential equations, system function or pulse response to describe. According to this description of hardware or software used to achieve it.4、 Introduced FPGA Programmable l

34、ogic device is a generic logic can use a variety of chips, which is to achieve ASIC ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) semi-customized device, Its emergence and development of electronic systems designers use CAD tools to design their own laboratory in the ASIC device. Especially FPGA (F

35、ield Programmable Gate Array) generated and development, as a microprocessor, memory, the figures for electronic system design and set a new industry standard (that is based on standard product sales catalogue in the market to buy). Is a digital system for microprocessors, memories, FPGA or three st

36、andard building blocks constitute their integration direction. Digital circuit design using FPGA devices, can not only simplify the design process and can reduce the size and cost of the entire system, increasing system reliability. They do not need to spend the traditional sense a lot of time and e

37、ffort required to create integrated circuits, to avoid the investment risk and become the fastest-growing industries of electronic devices group. Digital circuit design system FPGA devices using the following main advantages (1) Design flexibleUse FPGA devices may not in the standard series device l

38、ogic functional limitations. And changes in system design and the use of logic in any one stage of the process, and only through the use of re-programming the FPGA device can be completed, the system design provides for great flexibility.(2) Increased functional density Functional density in a given

39、 space refers to the number of functional integration logic. Programmable logic chip components doors several high, a FPGA can replace several films, film scores or even hundreds of small-scale digital IC chip illustrated in the film. FPGA devices using the chip to use digital systems in small numbe

40、rs, thus reducing the number of chips used to reduce the number of printed size and printed, and will ultimately lead to a reduction in the overall size of the system.(3) Improve reliabilityPrinting plates and reduce the number of chips, not only can reduce system size, but it greatly enhanced syste

41、m reliability. A higher degree of integration than systems in many low-standard integration components for the design of the same system, with much higher reliability. FPGA device used to reduce the number of chips required to achieve the system in the number printed on the cord and joints are reduc

42、ed, the reliability of the system can be mproved.(4) Shortening the design cycle As FPGA devices and the programmable flexibility, use it to design a system for longer than traditional methods greatly shortened. FPGA device master degrees high, use printed circuit layout wiring simple. At the same t

43、ime, success in the prototype design, the development of advanced tools, a high degree of automation, their logic is very simple changes quickly. Therefore, the use of FPGA devices can significantly shorten the design cycle system, and speed up the pace of product into the market, improving product

44、competitiveness. (5) Work fastFPGA/CPLD devices work fast, generally can reach several original Hertz, far larger than the DSP device. At the same time, the use of FPGA devices, the system needed to achieve circuit classes and small, and thus the pace of work of the entire system will be improved. (

45、6) Increased system performance confidentiality Many FPGA devices have encryption functions in the system widely used FPGA devices can effectively prevent illegal copying products were others (7) To reduce costs FPGA device used to achieve digital system design, if only device itself into the price,

46、 sometimes you would not know it advantages, but there are many factors affecting the cost of the system, taken together, the cost advantages of using FPGA is obvious. First, the use of FPGA devices designed to facilitate change, shorten design cycles, reduce development costs for system development

47、; Secondly, the size and FPGA devices allow automation needs plug-ins, reducing the manufacturing system to lower costs; Again, the use of FPGA devices can enhance system reliability, reduced maintenance workload, thereby lowering the cost of maintenance services for the system. In short, the use of

48、 FPGA devices for system design to save costs.FPGA design principles :FPGA design an important guiding principles : the balance and size and speed of exchange, the principles behind the design of the filter expression of a large number of certification. Here, area means a design exertion FPGA/CPLD l

49、ogic resources of the FPGA can be used to the typical consumption (FF) and the search table (IUT) to measure more general measure can be used to design logic equivalence occupied by the door is measured. pace means stability operations in the chip design can achieve the highest frequency, the freque

50、ncy of the time series design situation, and design to meet the clock cycle - PADto pad, Clock Setup Time, Clock Hold Beijing, Clock-to-Output Delay, and other characteristics of many time series closely related. Area (area) and speed (speed) runs through the two targets FPGA design always is the ul

51、timate design quality evaluation criteria. On the size and speed of the two basic concepts : balance of size and speed and size and speed of swap.One pair of size and speed is the unity of opposites contradictions body. Requirements for the design of a design while the smallest, highest frequency of

52、 operation is unrealistic. More scientific goal should be to meet the design requirements of the design time series (includes requirements for the design frequency) premise, the smallest chip area occupied. Or in the specified area, the design time series cushion greater frequency run higher. This f

53、ully embodies the goals of both size and speed balanced thinking. On the size and speed requirements should not be simply interpreted as raising the level and design engineers perfect sexual pursuit, and should recognize that they are products and the quality and cost of direct relevance. If time se

54、ries cushion larger design, running relatively high frequency, that the design Jianzhuangxing stronger, more quality assurance system as a whole; On the other hand, the smaller size of consumption design is meant to achieve in chip unit more functional modules, the chip needs fewer, the entire syste

55、m has been significantly reduced cost. As a contradiction of the two components, the size and speed is not the same status. In contrast, meet the timetables and work is more important for some frequency when both conflicts, the use of priority guidelines.Area and the exchange rate is an important FP

56、GA design ideas. Theoretically, if a design time series cushion larger, can run much higher than the frequency design requirements, then we can through the use of functional modules to reduce the consumption of the entire chip design area, which is used for space savings advantages of speed; Convers

57、ely, if the design of a time series demanding, less than ordinary methods of design frequency then generally flow through the string and data conversion, parallel reproduction of operational module, designed to take on the whole string and conversion and operate in the export module to chip in the d

58、ata and string conversion from the macro point of view the whole chip meets the requirements of processing speed, which is equivalent to the area of reproduction - rate increase.For example. Assuming that the digital signal processing system is 350Mb/s input data flow rate, and in FPGA design, data

59、processing modules for maximum processing speed of150Mb/s, because the data throughput processing module failed to meet requirements, it is impossible to achieve directly in the FPGA. Such circumstances, they should use area-velocity thinking, at least three processing modules from the first data sets will be imported and