[语言类考试复习资料大全]公共英语四级分类模拟题47

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全公共英语四级分类模拟题47公共英语四级分类模拟题47Section Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 The future of space exploration depends on

2、 many things. It depends on how technology evolves, how political forces shape competition and partnerships between nations, and how important the public feels space exploration is. The near future will see the continuation of human space fright in Earths orbit and unpiloted space flight within the

3、solar system. Piloted space flight to other planets, or even back to the moon, still seems far away. Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant, but a huge advance in space technology could drive space exploration into realms currently explored only by science fiction. The 1968 film 2001

4、: A Space Odyssey depicted commercial shuttles flying to and from a giant wheel-shaped space station in orbit around Earth, bases on the moon, and a piloted mission to Jupiter. The real space activities of 2001 will not match this cinematic vision, but the 21st century will see a continuation of eff

5、orts to transform humanity into a spacefaring species. Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of piloted space exploration, in Earths orbit and beyond. In 1998 no single government or international enterprise had plans to send people back to the m

6、oon, much less to Mars. Such missions are unlikely to happen until the perceived value exceeds their cost. One belief shared by a number of space exploration experts is that future lunar and Martian expeditions should be aimed at creating permanent settlements. The residents of such outposts would h

7、ave to live off the land, obtaining such necessities as oxygen and water from the harsh environment. On the moon, pioneers could obtain oxygen by heating lunar soil. In 1998 the Lunar Prospector discovered evidence of significant deposits of ice, a valuable resource for settlers, mixed with soil at

8、the lunar poles. On Mars, oxygen could be extracted from the atmosphere and water could come from buried deposits of ice. The future of piloted lunar and planetary exploration remains largely unknown. Most space exploration scientists believe that people will be on the moon and Mars by the middle of

9、 the 21st century, but how they get there, and the nature of their visits, is a subject of continuing debate. Clearly, key advances will need to be made in lowering the cost of getting people off Earth, the first step in any human voyage to other worlds. 1. A flight to other solar systems will be ma

10、de more possible byA.technological breakthroughs.B.international co-operation.C.market competition.D.public pressure.答案:A解析 根据第一段最后一句话“Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant, but a huge advance in space technology could drive space exploration into realms currently explored only by s

11、cience fiction.”可知，技术上的突破才能使进入太阳系成为可能，B、C、D三项在文中均无体现，故选A。2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that human society will become increasinglyA.worded about life on other planets.B.dependent on space tourism.C.accustomed to long-distance flights.D.associated with space exploration.答案:D解析 根据第二段最后一句话“The

12、 real space.but the 21st century will see a continuation of efforts to transform humanity into a spacefaring species.”可知，人类将一直进行太空探索，故选D。3. According to this text, piloted space missions will need to beA.more exciting than earlier film versions.B.supported by international organizations.C.more cost-

13、effective than they appear to be at present.D.financed by individual governments.答案:C解析 A选项在文中没有体现；由第三段第二句“In 1998 no single government or international enterprise.”可知，1998年没有政府或国际企业愿意资助太空飞行，但并不能由此推断出载人太空飞行任务需要政府或企业的支持，故排除B和D。由最后一段最后一句“Clearly, key advances.lowering the cost of.”可知，载人太空飞行任务需要降低成本，故选

14、C。4. It is predicted that people who will live on other planets would have toA.appreciate the harsh conditions they encounter there.B.depend on the natural resources available there.C.take most daily necessities along with them.D.engage in scientific research.答案:B解析 根据第四段第二句话“The residents of such o

15、utputs would have to live off the land, obtaining such necessities as oxygen and water from the harsh environment.”可知人类要想在其他星球上生活就必须在艰苦的环境中获得诸如氧气和水的生存必需品，故选B。5. It is difficult to send people to other planets because ofA.lack of capacity of space exploration vehicles.B.the financial expenditure invo

16、lved in space travel.C.controversial nature of space travel.D.the uncertain future of space exploration.答案:B解析 根据第三段“Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of piloted space exploration.”可知，人类抵达其他星球的最大问题是资金问题，故选B。Text 2 Empowering workers constitut

17、es the first step toward a stronger economy and stronger citizenry. It is a vital step toward overcoming inequality in American society. During the 1980s, the need for better wages for all workers increased as women, traditionally secondary earners, assumed greater responsibility for their own and t

18、heir childrens well-being. Yet the ability to raise families to a decent living standard through wage work decreased; real wages fell for most workers. And the Federal Government enacted no new policies to facilitate the integration of work and family, as working women and working families suffered

19、a loss in political power as well. Black Or Hispanic women are four times as likely to be low-wage workers as are white men with comparable skills and experience. White women are more than three times as likely as white men to be low-wage workers, and black or Hispanic men more than one-and-a-half t

20、imes as likely. More than half of all low-wage workers are the only wage workers in their families, or live alone. Employment no longer provides an escape from poverty. More than eight million working adults are poor; two million of them work full-time, year-round. More than seven million poor child

21、ren have at least one working parent. When that one working parent is a low-wage worker, the children have no better chance of escaping from poverty than if the parent were not working at all; more than two-fifths of such children are poor. Even if generous income assistance were available, the wage

22、s employers pay would be held to a minimum. In addition, policies such as tax credits for working parents do nothing to increase the political power of working women and men. Our research shows that unionization is among the most effective strategies for raising pay, especially for women and minorit

23、y men. Being a union member, or being covered by a collective-bargaining agreement, raised 1984 wages by $ 1.79 per hour for Hispanic men, $ 1.32 for black men, $ 1.26 for Hispanic women, $ 1.01 for black women, $ 0.68 for white women, and $ 0.41 for white men, when all other factors, such as occupa

24、tion, industry, firm size, education and experience were held constant. In percentage terms, the union increase was more than 15 percent for blacks and Hispanics, 11 percent for white women, and 4 percent for white men. 1. During the 1980s, women started to play a more important role inA.demanding p

25、olitical rights.B.improving social welfare.C.supporting the family.D.earning better wages.答案:C解析 根据第一段第三句话“During the 1980s. women, traditionally secondary earners, assumed greater responsibility for their own and their childrens well-being.”可知，20世纪80年代女性开始在养家方面起到了更重要的作用，故选C。2. According to Paragrap

26、h 2, who are most likely to be poor?A.Women of color.B.White women.C.Men of color.D.White men.答案:A解析 第二段第二句话对白人女性、白人男性、有色人种的女性、有色人种的男性的工资作了比较，根据该段内容可知，黑人或者西班牙裔的女性成为低工资劳动者的可能性要比具有同等技能和经验的白人男性高4倍。白人女性成为低工资劳动者的可能性要比白人男性高3倍，两种比较的参照标准都是白人男性，因此成为低工资劳动者可能性最高的人群是黑人或西班牙裔女性，她们属于有色人种，故选A。3. According to Paragr

27、aph 3, having a jobA.means earning a low wage.B.has never provided a way out of poverty.C.does not mean that the children will become rich.D.may not be a guarantee for a poor family to become better off.答案:C解析 A、D选项的内容在文中均没有体现，根据第三段第一句“Employment no longer provides an escape from poverty.”可知，就业不再意味着

28、就可以摆脱贫穷，说明就业在以前可能可以摆脱贫穷，故B选项错误；根据第三段第三句“More than seven million poor children have at least one working parent.”可知，超过七百万贫穷孩子的父母至少有一方有工作，因此，父母有工作并不意味着孩子们会变得富有，故选C。4. The term unionization (Line 1, Paragraph 5) refers toA.mobilizing all workers to seize power.B.gathering workers into an organized grou

29、p.C.working out strategies to raise workers pay.D.changing wage policies for women and minority men.答案:B解析 “unionization”本身表示的是“联合”，故选B。5. What is the theme of the text?A.The causes of low-wage problems.B.The inequality of workers pay.C.The improvement of the rates of pay.D.The economy and the rates

30、 of pay.答案:B解析 根据第一段第一句和第二句“Empowering workers constitutes the first step toward a stronger economy and sponger citizenry. It is a vital step toward overcoming inequality in American society.”可知，增加劳动者的自主权是繁荣经济和增强公民意识的第一步，而其对破除美国社会中的不平等现象至关重要，接下来通篇都在讲不同人种及性别之间工资的差异，所以本文主要是在讲述劳动者工资之间的不平等性，故选B。Text 3 D

31、u Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the Tuskegee machine of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the

32、blacks in the U. S. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided. Unlike Washington, whose roots were is southern black agriculture, Du Boiss career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, rec

33、eived his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a schola

34、rly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that citys black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Boiss Philadelphia study was the pioneer work o

35、n urban blacks in America. Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited

36、 The Cr/sis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling sh

37、ould be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race. As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but a

38、lso the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and

39、 he developed a concept referred to as the talented tenth, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership. 1. Compared with B. T. Washington, Du Boiss political stand wasA.less popular.B.more radical.C.less aggressive

40、.D.more conservative.答案:B解析 根据第四段第二句“The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change.”可知，华盛顿和杜波依斯的不同之处主要是，前者寻求逐步发展的改变，而后者寻求立即性的变化，由此可知，杜波依斯的政治立场更彻底、更激进，故选B。2. Acco

41、rding to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPTA.an editor.B.an educator.C.a scholar.D.an official.答案:D解析 根据第三段第三句“From 1910 until 1934，Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP.”可知，杜波依斯从事过主编工作，故排除A；根据第一段首句“Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who chall

42、enged.”可知，杜波依斯是教育先驱，由此可推断出他从事过教育工作，故排除B；根据第二段第三句“Du Bois approached problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights.”可知，杜波依斯从两个角度来看待美国的种族关系问题，做过学术研究者和民权活动家，故排除C；全文并未提及杜波依斯曾做过政府官员，故选D。3. It is Du Boiss belief thatA.th

43、e blacks have a priority in terms of education.B.higher education should be free for all races.C.everyone has an equal right to education.D.development in education should be gradual.答案:C解析 根据第三段第四句话“In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth shou

44、ld have genuine equality of educational opportunity.”可知，在教育政策方面，全国有色人种协进会的立场是，所有的美国儿童和青年都应该拥有真正平等的受教育机会，由此可以判断，无论是黑人还是白人或者其他种族，在教育方面都没有特权，故A选项错误；第三段第五句中“This policy, which Du Bois helped. public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children.”的schooling指的是中小学，不包括高等教育，故B选项错误；D选项的内容

45、是华盛顿所持的观点，故排除。故选C。4. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B.Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C.Washington would not support determined activist leadership.D.The Philadelphia

46、 Negro is a book on blacks in American South.答案:A解析 由最后一段第二句“The major difference. Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order.”可知，华盛顿寻求的改变是不会扰乱社会秩序的，由此可以推断出他不赞同推翻社会秩序，故选A；根据最后一段第一句“As a leader in education, .not only the tradition of racial segregatio

47、n in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T.Washington.”可知，选项B错误；选项C在文中没有体现；The Philadelphia Negro是研究费城黑人的书，故D选项错误。5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA.many blacks are prepared for leadership.B.Du Bois was in favor of elite education for blacks.C.Washington and

48、 Du Bois had never been friends.D.only the top 10 percent are worth educating.答案:B解析 最后一段说根据杜波依斯的“有才华的10%”的概念，10%的黑人会接受传统的大学教育，从而为成为未来的领导人员作准备，这并没有表明这些人已经准备好，故A不正确；C项文中没有提到；D项与杜波依斯提出的人人享有平等的教育的机会的观点相悖。故选B。Text 4 Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in

49、 the educational obstacles prior to the Ph. D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entr

50、y into our work force. How could this be done? There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will create jobs) are allowed to immigrate: A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise est

51、ablished in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i.e., a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital. Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph. D. s

52、 must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers. The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U.S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U.S. employers sponsorship, certify that no American can do this job.

53、 Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). ff all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right: there could be problems at either stage.

54、Thus, the employer or the alien must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent). The Immigrati

55、on and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel. We budget that

56、automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph.D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a guaranteed green card proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equa

57、l weight to human capital and financial capital. 1. Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis ofA.brain gain in the United States.B.the cause of problems of the black people.C.the U. S educational programs for blacks.D.the procedure of foreign students immigration.答案:C解析 根据第一

58、段首句“Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the Ph.D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students.”可知，作者在写这篇文章之前做了一项关于黑人教育问题的分析，故选C。2. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A.Foreign students are a new source of financial capi