高考话题二十(高考英语)

1、话题解读 “文化交流与社会礼仪”是高中英语课程标准中24 话题之一，包括东西方文化交流、文化习俗、宗教信仰、婚丧嫁娶等风俗习惯、艺术等的传播、东西方社会礼仪的差别等方面。通过本话题的学习与高考英语的考查，了解东西方以及不同民族之间的文化交流，掌握一定的社会礼仪知识，为将来走向社会打下基础。高考探究 “文化交流与社会礼仪”是高考英语常考话题之一，常在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达中出现。例如：2016 年全国卷阅读理解D 篇； 2015 全国卷书面表达；2014 年陕西卷书面表达；2012 年大纲全国卷完形填空等。假如你是Joe，你的美国朋友Chris 目前在北京学习汉语，他对中国传统文化非

2、常感兴趣。本周五下午你校将要举办一个文化讲座，请你根据以下提示给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加。1农业大学张教授讲解中国茶文化的历史和传播；2讲座后有交流和品茶活动；3你将陪同Chris 并帮其翻译讲解。佳作欣赏Hi Chris ，Good news ！ There will be a lecture in our school this Friday afternoon.Professor Zhangfrom University of Agriculture will tell us about the history and spread of Chinese tea.Thiswill

3、befollowed by a tea party and you can taste different kinds of teawhile chatting with teachers andstudents of our school.I wonder if you want to participatein it.Don t worryabout thelanguage.I ll be with you and explainwhat you don t understand .If you do not have any prior appointment then ， I am l

4、ooking forward to your coming.Yours，Joe名师点睛本文包含了写作要求中的所有要点，所增加的细节恰当、可读、条理清晰；条件状语从句、宾语从句、省略句、祈使句、被动语态等的使用使文章结构多样化；participate in ，have any priorappointment ，look forward to等高级词汇的运用增强了文章的可读性。 .写作必记单词1 address n地址； vt.发表演说；写上地址；称呼2 behave vt.守规矩，表现behavior n举止，表现3 believe v相信；认为belief n信仰；信心；信任4 casual

5、 adj.随意的 casually adv.随意地5 celebrate v庆祝 celebration n庆祝，庆典6 communication n交流 communicate vi .(用语言、信号 )传递信息；交流7 conversation n谈话，交谈8 experience v体验；经历9 inform vt.告诉，通知10 introduce v介绍11 occasion n场合 occasional adj.偶然的 occasionally adv.偶然地12 respond vi .回答；回应，作出反应response n回复；响应；反应 .阅读识记单词13 ancient

6、 adj.古代的14 anniversary n周年纪念日15 appearance n外貌，外表16 civilized adj.文明的17 cooperation n合作18 cultural adj .文化的19 embarrass vt.使窘迫，尴尬20 gesture n手势；姿势21 imagination n想象力22 informal adj.非正式的23 information n信息24 interrupt vt.打断；打扰；中断interruption n中断；干扰25 manner n方式，态度，举止26 nationality n国籍27 private adj.私人

7、的；个人的；秘密的28 plain adj.简单的；朴素的；adv.平易地；清楚地；n.平原29 particular adj.特殊的；特别的30 punctual adj.准时的31 rank n等级；军衔；v.把 分等级；排列32 represent vt.代表；象征33 simple adj.简单的；单纯的34 slight adj .轻微的；少量的35 status n地位，身份36 social adj .社会的，社交的37 symbol n象征38 title n标题；头衔；vt.加标题于；授予 称号39 tradition n传统40 trust vt .& n信任；相信；信赖4

8、1 typical adj.典型的，有代表性的，特有的42 view n风景；观点；vt.观察；考虑语境活用 用所给词的正确形式填空1 One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to traintheir children to behave(behavior) socially.(2016江苏 )2One traditional belief(believe) about television is that it reduces a child s abil

9、ity to think and tounderstand the world.(2015 广东 ) 3 In most countries ， an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions(introduce) 4 Apart froman occasional(occasion) noise fromthe elephant s stomach， the forest wassilent.(2014 重庆)5 They discussed how to promote cooperation(coopera

10、te) between the two countries.6 The meaning of silence varies among cultural(culture) groups.(2016全国 )7 Since I m here， I d like to try a typical(type) dish of this country.8 Surprisingly ， these people livelargelyby theirownlaws and theirown social(society)customs.(2016 四川 )1 be familiar with 熟悉；通晓

11、2 bring in 引进；赚钱，获利；收(庄稼等 )3 face to face 面对面4 in public 当众；公开地5 in response to 作为对 的回答；反应6 in terms of 就 来说；从 角度7 look down upon/on 轻视；看不起8 make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会9 make an impression on.给 留下深刻印象10 put up with 忍受11 think highly of对 高度评价；重视12 turn up 出现，到达，来到语境活用 运用上述短语完成片段1 In terms of(

12、就 来说 ) appointment ， we should 2.think highly of( 重视 ) our manners.When people are 3.making an appointment with( 与 约会 ) someone，they tend not to 4.put up with( 忍受 ) some people that they are not familiar with 5.turn up(出现 )Some people like to talk 6.face toface(面对面)， while others don t like to appea

13、r 7.in public( 公开地 ) But you will 8.make animpression on( 给 留下印象) others whatever people you are.1 have difficulty ( in) doing sth.I don t have a good command of English ， especially spoken English ，so I m afraid I ll havedifficulty fitting in very soon.我不精通英语，尤其是口语，恐怕我很难在短期内适应。仿写Tanis 高中毕业后没去上大学因为她

14、在注意力集中方面有困难。(2016 北京 )Tanis didn t go to college after high school because she had difficulty (in) keeping focused.2 It /This/That be the first/second.time that sb.have/had done sth.I felt very pleased and excited， forthis was the first timeI hadevertalkedwith a foreigner inEnglish ， and I did give

15、him a little help.我感到很高兴，也很兴奋，因为这是我第一次用英语和外国人讲话，并且我确实给了他一点帮助。仿写这将是你第二次帮我。It will be the second time that you have come to my help.3 under no circumstances 位于句首引起的倒装Under no circumstances can we give up our beliefs.无论什么情况下我们都不要放弃自己的信仰。仿写在任何情况下，中国都不会首先使用核武器。Under no circumstances will China be the fir

16、st to use nuclear weapons.4 here 位于句首引起的倒装I know you love Chinese paintings. Here is a piece of good news for you.我知道你喜欢中国画，有一条好消息要告诉你。仿写公共汽车来了，咱们上去吧。Here comes the bus.Let s get rm vt.告知，通知；了解；熟悉(1)If accepted for the job ， you ll be informed soon.如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快得到通知。(2015 北京 )(2)They wo

17、uld inform him of/about any progress they had made.他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉他。(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事keep rmed of/about. 通知某人关于；使某人知道inform sb.that. 通知某人(2)informationn消息；信息；通知；数据基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed(inform) of what to do this week.(2)For de

18、tailed information ， consult Tom， who is informed well.(inform)(3)Please inform us of/about any change of address as soon as possible.写作能力提升 句式升级 (4)He informed the company of the ship s safe arrival.(改为复合句 )He informed the company that the ship had arrived safely.occasion n 时刻，时节；大事；节日；场合(1)She had

19、 met Zahid on an earlier occasion.她早些时候曾见过扎希德。(朗文词典 )(2)As he works in a remote area ， he visits his parents only occasionally.因为他在一个边远的地区工作，所以他只能偶尔回去看望他的父母。(1)on occasion 偶尔，有时on the occasion of 在时候on this/that occasion在这个 / 那个时候on no occasion 绝不，不会 (用在句首，句子部分倒装)(2)occasionally adv.偶尔地名师点拨occasion

20、作先行词，其后跟定语从句时，如果引导词在定语从句中作状语表示时刻，应用关系副词 when；若表示场合，应用关系副词where。基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)I call on my parents on occasion.(2)We occasionally(occasion) meet for a drink after work.(3)I can remember very few occasions when he had to ask for leave because of ill health.(4)It s a happy occasion where people feas

21、t on tasty mooncakes.(5)He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his retirement.写作能力提升 句式升级 (6)You should on no occasion do such a thing like that.( 改为倒装句 )On no occasion should you do such a thing like that.respond vi.反应；回复，回答(1)Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.收到信

22、息并不意味着你需要回复。(2014 辽宁 )(2)Lang Ping made no response to the question that reporter asked.郎平对那个记者的问题未作回答。(1)respond to 响应；对作出反应；回答respond that.答复(2)response n回答；反应in response to 作为对的答复 /反应make (no) response to.对(不予 )给予回答基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)After several rounds of competition ， the little girl stood out b

23、ecause of her excellent spoken English and quick response(respond) (2)All these changes occurred in response to economic or political pressures.(3)We ve prepared this guide to help you respond to such situations.写作能力提升 一句多译 (4)我问他是否我能帮忙，但是他没回答。 I asked him if I could help ， but he made no response.(

24、response) I asked him if I could help ， but he made no answer.(answer n) I asked him if I could help ， but he made no reply.(reply n )bring in带进来；有收入；赚得；引入(1)Her new job brings in a good salary.她的新工作收入颇丰。(2)What brought about this astonishing change in me?是什么导致我发生了这么惊人的变化？(2016 浙江 )bring about 导致，引起

25、；带来bring down 降低；减少bring out 使显现；阐明；出版bring up 抚养；培养；提出；教育；呕吐短语填空 bring out ， bring about ， bring down ， bring in(1)The prices have been brought down so far.(2)The economic reform brought about great changes in the lives of the common people.(3)The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was

26、 brought in.(4)Immediately after the book was brought out ， it became a bestseller.in terms of 就来说；从角度(1)It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluatedin terms of overall quality.普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。(2014 福建 )(2)In the short term ， the medicine may not be very effective.从眼前来看，这药可能不是很有疗效

27、。in the long/short term 从长远 /短期来看on one s terms 根据的主张；按照某人的条件be on good/bad terms with 与关系好 /坏基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)In the long term ， it is beneficial to your development.(2)He had been on bad terms with his wife for years.(3)In terms of convenience ， the museum has more advantages over the gallery.(4)I

28、 ll only take the job on my own terms.写作能力提升 同义句改写 (5)He gets along well with his classmates.He is on good terms with his classmates.put up with忍受，容忍(1)I don t know how you put up with their constant quarrelling.我不知道你是如何忍受他们无休止的争吵的。(朗文词典 )(2)Soldiers went in to put down a rebellion.士兵们攻进去镇压了一场叛乱。put

29、 through 给接通电话to sb. ；做完，完成；使经受痛苦put back 放回原处；耽搁put down 放下；写下，记下；镇压put on 穿上；上演；增加体重名师点拨put up with 忍受，容忍，相当于tolerate， stand， bear 等。基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)He has put on weight since I last saw him.(2)The talks have been put back to Friday morning.(3)I put through a long- distance call to a friend in Fu

30、zhou this morning.(4)Put down whatever you are doing and join the party.(5)We can t put up with such terrible noises.写作能力提升 一句多译 (6)在我们学校里我们不能容忍这样的坏习惯。 In our school ， we can t put up with such bad habits. In our school ， we can t bear such bad habits. In our school ， we can t stand such bad habits.

31、 In our school ， we can t tolerate such bad habits.turn up出现，露面；改短衣服；开大音量(1)I couldn t find my watch for ages ， but then one day it turned up in a coat pocket.我有好长时间找不着手表了，但有一天，它在一件外衣的口袋里出现了。(朗文词典 )(2)That radio is pretty loud.Can you turn it down a little?收音机声音太响，你能开小点吗？turn down 拒绝；调小turn into 变成t

32、urn off 关掉；停掉；使厌烦turn out 生产；结果是；证明是；出席，在场turn over 移交；翻身基础知识训练 短语填空 turn into ， turn over ， turn up， turn off ， turn out(1)When the sports hero turned up at our party ， he was welcomed with open arms.(2)I would ， indeed， turn the evidence over to the police.(3)New technologies have made it possible

33、 to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.(4)Don t turn off the computer before closing all programs， or you could have problems.(5)If nothing is done ， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.写作能力提升 一句多译 (6)我们一直等到我们班主任出现。 We waited until our head teacher turned up. We waited until our hea

34、d teacher showed up. We waited until our head teacher appeared.casual adj.随意的，非正式的；偶然的；临时的；冷淡的，漫不经心的写出下列句子中casual 的汉语意思 (1)He earned a living by casual labor. 临时的(2)She was casual about winning the prize. 冷淡的，漫不经心的(3)Such casual dress would not be correct for a formal occasion. 随意的，非正式的(4)The diseas

35、e cannot be spread by casual contact.偶然的名师点拨casual 意义较多，要结合具体的句子灵活翻译。celebrate v 庆祝单句语法填空 (1)The old couple held a party to celebrate(celebrate) their fiftieth wedding anniversary last week.(2)The Chinese community here are shooting off fireworks in celebration of the Chinese New Year.(3)I congratul

36、ate you on your great discovery.名师点拨(1)celebrate 后以事或物作宾语；congratulate 后以人作宾语。(2)in celebration of 为庆祝experience n 经验；经历v 体验；经历单句语法填空 (1)This trip to Africa is an unforgetable experience for us.(2)Experienced(experience) workers are badly needed here.(3)He is very experienced in looking after animal

37、s.完成句子 (4)他是个有经验的老师，有丰富的教学经验。He is an experienced teacher and he has much experience in teaching.(5)以我的经验来看，他是个诚实的人。In my experience ， he is an honest man.(6)努力从经验中学习是很重要的。It is important to learn from experience.名师点拨(1)experience 表示抽象意义的“ 经验 ”“ 体验 ” 时，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“ 经历 ”“ 感受 ” 时，是可数名词。(2)表示 “ 做某事的

38、经验 ” ，其后通常不接不定式，而接in/of doing sth. 。think highly of对评价高；看重；器重基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)As a young leader ，he is highly thought of.(2)The manager thought highly(high) of the young man s performance in the company.写作能力提升 一句多译 (3)他做了一件好事，我们高度赞扬他。 He did a good deed and we thought highly of him.(think) He did a

39、good deed and we spoke highly of him.(speak) He did a good deed and we sang high praise for him.(sing)I don t have a good command of English ， especially spoken English， so I m afraidI ll have difficulty fitting in very soon.我不精通英语，尤其是口语，恐怕我很难在短期内适应。句型： have difficultyindoing sth.(1) Did you have di

40、fficulty finding Ann s house? Not really.She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 你们找到安的家有困难吗？ 不是很难。她已经给了我们清晰的指引，我们很容易地就找到它了。(2015 北京 )(2)I have some trouble with the work.我做这项工作有些困难。have difficulty/trouble (in) doing.做有困难 (麻烦 )have difficulty/trouble with.有困难 ( 麻烦 )Ther

41、e is some/no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做时有一些 /没有困难do sth.with /without difficulty/trouble 做有 /没有困难take trouble to do. 费力做take the trouble to do. 不怕费事 /不辞辛劳地做基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)Sorry I m so late， but you cannot imagine what great trouble I took to come here.(2)It s very kind of you to take the

42、 trouble to help(help) me.写作能力提升 同义句改写 (3)I had no trouble finding your home. I found your home without trouble/difficulty.(用 without 短语改写 ) There was no trouble/difficulty (in) finding your home.(用 there be 句型改写 )Under no circumstances can we give up our beliefs.无论什么情况下我们都不要放弃自己的信仰。句型： under no cir

43、cumstances 位于句首引起的倒装(1)Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。(牛津高阶 )(2)I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。in/under no circumstances 决不in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下if circumstances allow/permi

44、t如果情况允许名师点拨(1)抽象地点名词， 如：point ，stage，case，situation ，condition ，position ，activity ，race，competition ，system， job ， scene， life ， occasion， environment ， circumstance 等作先行词并在定语从句中作状语时，用where 或 “ 介词 which ” 引导定语从句。(2)在短语 in/under the/no/any circumstances 中 circumstance 总是用复数。基础知识训练 单句语法填空 (1)It s hel

45、pful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.(2)His rudeness was forgivable in the circumstances(circumstance) 写作能力提升 完成句子 (3)Under no circumstances must you leave the house( 你必须离开房子)(4)You must not mention your colleagues under/in any circumstances( 在任何情况下)(5)Iran a

46、nd Iraq also have the potential to export more ，if circumstances allow/permit( 如果情况允许 ).(2016国全 ，D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful ， or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also showstubbornness， uneasiness，

47、 or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable ； therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap( 间隙 ) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person s needs.Many Native Americans value silence

48、 and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore ，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops， what may be implied( 暗示 ) is that the person wantsthe listener to consider what has been said before con

49、tinuing.In these cultures， silence is a call forreflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways， particularlywhen dealing withconflictsamong people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French， and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement

50、between parties about the topic under discussion.However ， Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person inauthority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use， personsin Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularlyto an elder or a person inauthority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should re