外墙保温材料相关文献翻译（中文+英文）

1、外墙保温材料外墙保温材料的性能指标保温材料的性能指标主要有：热导率、容重、最高使用温度、抗压强度、含水率、线膨胀系数、抗折强度和ph值等。(1)热导率热导率即导热系数。保温材料传递热量的性质称为导热性。它是保温材料传递热量能力大小的参数，反映了材料的导热能力，是保温材料的主要热物理特性。热导率与材料的其他一些物理性能(如密度和含水率)密切相关，还与材料的内部结构有关，也与保温层尺寸有关。（2)容重在温度为l looc时经过烘干且呈松散状态的保温材料，其单位体积的质量即为材料的容重。它存在一个最佳容重值的问题，即在最佳容重下，它才具有较小的热导率和较好的保温效果。在工程中为节约能源和减少保温管道

2、支吊架结构荷重，应尽量采用容重小的保温材料。一般软质和半硬质材料的容重不得大于150kgm3，硬质材料的容重不得大于220kgm3。(3)最高使用温度最高使用温度是指保温材料长期安全可靠地工作所能承受的极限温度。一般保温材料的使用温度是指保温材料在该温度下长期使用，其理化性能稳定，符合设计和运行的技术要求。(4)抗压强度和抗折强度抗压强度是材料受到压缩力作用而破损时，每单位原始横截面上承受的最大压力负荷。材料的抗压强度与加工工艺、材料孔隙率等有密切关系。设备及管道保温技术导则)(gb 427292)规定硬质制品抗压强度不应小于03mpa。对于软质、半硬质及松散状绝热材料，般受到压缩荷载时不会损

3、坏，因此抗压强度未作规定。抗折强度是材料在受到弯曲负荷作用下破坏时，单位面积上所受的力偶矩。(5)含水率保温材料吸收水的性质称为吸水性。材料单位体积吸水的程度用吸水率来表示。保温材料的吸湿性，对其保温效果有很大的影响，吸收的水蒸气遇冷会凝聚成水或结成冰，从而大大地提高了其热导率，甚至引起材料开裂，破坏保温结构。另外，为了降低保温材料吸收的水分，除了在施工中应注意防水外，还可以适当地在保温材料中加入憎水剂，如憎水矿棉板和憎水珍珠岩等。(6)线膨胀系数保温材料受热时的膨胀特性可用线膨胀系数表示。保温材料的线膨胀系数与材料的热稳定性有密切的关系。如材料的线膨胀系数较大，则保温结构受热后，内部因变形会

4、产生较大的应力，当温度变化剧烈时，保温结构便会受到破坏。设计保温结构时，应根据材料的线膨胀系数的大小预留一定尺寸的膨胀缝。(7)ph值热力设备及管道使用的保温材料对金属表面不应有化学腐蚀作用。一般要求保温材料必须属于中性或ph值大于7-8，不得含有可溶性氯化物，硫氧化物的含量不允许大于006。材料使用前应处于干燥状态。(8)防火性能可用燃烧性能、烟密度、毒性指标等表示。目前的材料都具有一定的防火性能，属不燃物，高温时不会产生有毒气体。(9)吸声系数材料吸收的声能与入射声能的比值。这个指标对设备、建筑的噪声有相当影响。如建筑物的空调系统，通过设备、管道的复合保温，选用吸声系数高的材料，由于消声将

5、大大降低噪声的危害。 保温材料的性能分析(1)影响保温材料热导率的主要因素影响保温材料热导率大小的因素很多，不同的保温材料有不同的热导率，在保温材料的组成固定之后，其热导率主要随着温度、容重和含水率的变化而变化，其中对其影响最大的是含水率。(2)容重和抗压强度的关系容重增加则抗压强度增加，二者成正比关系。然而由于容重的增加，材料的密度也增加，这样热导率就会增加，所以在选择保温材料时，不能一味要求某一性能指标，而应全面考虑。具有多孔特点的保温材料，容重对材料热导率的影响并不是单纯上升或下降的关系。理论和实践证明，任何保温材料都存在一个对应于最小热导率值的最佳容重。(3)保温材料的吸水性和透湿性分

6、析保温材料的吸水性和透湿性是一项重要指标，硬质聚乙烯防水最好，岩棉最差。岩棉不适用于冷水空调系统，适用于高温保温。当使用离心玻璃棉保冷、保温时应多加注意接缝一定要严密，防止温热空气进入，形成凝露。使用岩棉、离心玻璃作建筑、冷库保温，应加防潮层。外墙保温有哪些成熟的技术外墙保温技术归纳起来可以分为两大类：单一材料和复合外墙。 单一材料，即采用单一的保温、隔热性能指标好的产品作为墙体材料，达到节能标准的要求。如加气混凝土砌块、alc加气混凝土板材等。复合墙体，即在结构墙体上复合保温隔热材料。按照复合方法可分为三种：内保温做法，在外墙内侧贴保温板或抹聚苯颗粒胶粉。但是内保温做法在内外墙交接处、圈梁处

7、等部位会形成“热桥”，出现结露现象。一旦出现问题，维修时对住户影响较大。夹心保温做法，把保温材料（聚苯、岩棉、聚氨酯等）放在墙体中间，形成夹心腔。外保温做法，在墙体外侧增加保温措施。粘贴聚苯板或现场喷涂聚氨酯等。外墙外保温体系是应用比较广泛的技术，外保温的热工效率高，不占用室内空间，对保护主体结构有利，可延长房屋的使用寿命，适用于现有房屋的节能改造。保温材料的选用绝热材料在建筑中常见的应用类型及设计选用应符合gb/t17369-1998建筑绝热材料的应用类型和基本要求的规定。选用时除应考虑材料的导热系数外，还应考虑材料的吸水率、燃烧性能、强度等指标。不同绝热材料的性能特点见相应的分类指南。保温

8、材料一般是指导热系数小于或等于0.2的材料。在建筑和工业中采用良好的保温技术与材料，往往能起到事半功倍的效果。统计表明，建筑中每使用一吨矿物棉绝热制品，一年可节约一吨石油。北京安苑北里节能小区采用情况表明，单位面积节煤率每年为11.91公斤标煤/平方米。工业设备与管道的保温，采用良好的绝热措施与材料，可显著降低生产能耗和成本，改善环境，同时有较好的经济效益。如：工业设备和管道工程中，良好的保温条件，可使热量损失降低95%左右，通常用于保温材料的投资一年左右可以通过节约的能量收回。1980年以前，我国保温材料的发展十分缓慢，为数不多的保温材料厂只能生产少量的膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、矿渣棉、超细玻璃

9、棉、微孔硅酸钙等产品，矿棉厂很少，生产能力不足万吨，散棉、硅酸钙绝热材料也只有3家，年产8000立方米。产品数量、质量都满足不了要求。主要节能保温材料的情况对比如下：矿物棉及制品矿物棉是一种优质的保温材料，已有100余年生产和应用的历史。exterior wall thermal insulation materialexterior wall thermal insulation material performance indicators：the performance of heat preservation material basically has: thermal conduc

10、tivity and density, the supreme using temperature, compressive strength, moisture content, coefficient of linear expansion, bending strength and ph value, etc.(1) thermal conductivitythermal conductivity coefficient of thermal conductivity is. the nature of the heat preservation material transfer he

11、at is called thermal conductivity. it is heat preservation material transfer heat, the capability of the parameters, which reflects the material thermal capacity, heat preservation material is the main thermal physical properties. thermal conductivity of materials and some other physical properties

12、(such as density and moisture content) closely related, and the internal structures of materials such as thermal insulation layer related to the size(2) densityin the temperature of l looc after drying and when a loose state of thermal insulation material, the quality of the unit volume is the mater

13、ial density. it is a best density value problem, namely in the best density, it is the smaller thermal conductivity and good heat preservation effect. in the project to save energy and reduce heat pipe rack structure load, should as far as possible the bulk density of small heat preservation materia

14、l. general soft and semi-rigid material density must not be more than 150 kg/m3, hard material density must not be more than 220 kg/m3.(3) the highest using temperaturethe highest temperature is used to heat preservation material long-term safety and reliable operation of the limits of temperature.g

15、eneral heat preservation material using temperature is refers to the heat preservation material in the temperature use for a long time, its physical and chemical performance is stable, and in accordance with the design and operation of the technical requirements. (4) the compressive strength and ben

16、ding strengthcompressive strength is material by compression force and damage, per unit original cross section under the biggest pressure load. the compressive strength of materials and processing technology, material porosity, etc have close relationship. the equipment and piping insulation technic

17、al guideline) (gb 4272-92) regulation hard products compressive strength should be not less than 0.3 mpa. for soft, half hard and songsanzhuang insulation materials, like by compression load without damage, so not specified compressive strength. bending strength is materials were subjected to bendin

18、g load effect, the failure, per unit area by the moment of couple.(5) moisture contentheat preservation material absorption the properties of water is called water absorption. material per unit volume of water level with bibulous rate to show. heat preservation material moisture absorption, the effe

19、ct of heat preservation, have great influence on the absorption of water vapour cold will converge into water or ice forms, thus greatly improve the thermal conductivity, and even cause material craze, destroy insulation structure. in addition, in order to reduce the heat preservation material absor

20、ption of moisture, except in construction should be paid attention to in the waterproof outside, still can be appropriately in thermal insulation materials to join those agent, such as hydrophobic mineral wool board and hydrophobic perlite, etc(6) coefficient of linear expansionheat preservation mat

21、erial when heated expansion characteristic available coefficient of linear expansion said. heat preservation material coefficient of linear expansion and thermal stability of the materials have close relationship. like the material coefficient of linear expansion is larger, the heat insulation struc

22、ture, internal deformation due to the large stress can produce dramatic changes, when the temperature, thermal insulation structure will be damaged. design of insulation construction, should be based on the size of the coefficient of linear expansion of material reserve size expansion joint.(7) ph v

23、aluethermal equipment and pipe used for metal surface heat preservation material should not chemical corrosion effect. general requirements heat preservation material must belong to neutral or ph value more than 7-8, shall not contain soluble chloride, sulfur oxide content does not allow greater tha

24、n 0.06%. materials should be in dry state before use.(8) fire performanceavailable combustion performance, smoke density, toxicity index said. the materials have certain fire performance, is a noncombustible, high temperature will not produce poisonous gas.(9) absorption coefficientmaterial absorpti

25、on of sound energy and the ratio of the incident sound energy. the indicators of the equipment, construction noise have significantly influence. if the building air conditioning system, through the equipment, pipeline composite insulation, choose high absorption coefficient of the material, because

26、of the noise elimination will greatly reduce the harm of noise.the performance analysis of the thermal insulation material(1) the influence of thermal conductivity thermal insulation material of the main factorsheat preservation material influence the size of the thermal conductivity many factors, d

27、ifferent heat preservation material have different thermal conductivity, the heat preservation material composition fixed later, its thermal conductivity is mainly with the temperature, density and moisture content changes, including the influence of the largest is the moisture content.(2) the bulk

28、density and compressive strength of the relationshipdensity increase the compressive strength increases, the relationship is proportional. however, due to the increase of the density and the density of material will increase, so thermal conductivity will increase, so the choice of heat preservation

29、material, cant always demand a performance targets, and should be fully considered. has the characteristics of porous heat preservation material, bulk density on the material thermal conductivitys influence is not only the relationship between the rise or fall. theory and practice proves that any he

30、at preservation material will have a corresponding to the minimum thermal conductivity value of the best density.(3) the heat preservation material water and moisture permeability analysisheat preservation material of water absorption and moisture permeability is an important indicator, hard polyeth

31、ylene waterproofing best, rock wool is the worst. rock wool is not suitable for cold water and air conditioning system, suitable for high temperature insulation. when using centrifugal glass wool cold insulation, heat preservation should pay more attention to the joint must be strict, prevent warm a

32、ir into the, form gel. use rock wool, centrifugal glass building, cold storage insulation, should add moisture barrier.what are the external wall insulation mature technologyexterior wall thermal insulation technology to sum up can be classified into two categories: single material and composite wal

33、l.a single material, namely uses a single heat preservation, heat insulation performance good products as wall material, and achieve energy saving standards. such as aerated concrete block, alc aerated concrete plates and so on.composite wall, namely in the structure of composite wall thermal insula

34、tion material. according to the compound method can be divided into three types:(1) insulation practices, in the outer wall inside put insulation board or wipe powder polystyrene particles. but in practice in the thermal insulation coating, ring beam junction in the area will form such as hot bridge

35、, appear the knot shows a phenomenon. once appear problem, maintenance of household affected.(2) sandwich insulation practices, the heat preservation material (polystyrene, rock wool, polyurethane, etc.) in the middle wall, forming a sandwich cavity.(3) the heat preservation practices, in the latera

36、l wall increase heat preservation measures. paste polystyrene board or the polyurethane spray, etc. exterior insulation system is the application of comprehensive technology, the thermal insulation of high efficiency, do not take up interior space, the main structure to protect good, can prolong the

37、 service life of the building, it is suitable for the existing building energy saving reconstruction.the selection of insulation materialsinsulation materials in building common application type and design selection should comply with the gb/t17369-1998 building insulation materials application type

38、 and basic requirements regulation.when choosing, should be considered in addition to the thermal conductivity of materials outside, still should consider the bibulous rate of material, the combustion performance, strength index. the performance characteristics of different insulation materials meet

39、 the corresponding classification guide.heat preservation material is generally guidance thermal coefficient is less than or equal to 0.2 material.in the building and industry with good thermal insulation technology and material, often can have twice the result with half the effort. statistics show that each building use a ton of mineral wool insulation products, a year can save a ton of oil. beijing ann garden in north area shows that the energy saving, coal saving