《双城记》中的主要人物分析--毕业论文

1、【标题】双城记中的主要人物分析 【作者】付 敏 【关键词】人道主义；复活；自我牺牲；爱 【指导老师】余烈全 王艳蓉 【专业】英语 【正文】i. introductiona. about the authorcharles john huffam dickens was born on february 7, 1812, in portsmouth, on englands southern coast. john dickens, charles father was a respectable, middle-class naval pay clerk. his family moved s

2、everal times during charles youth, and the boy attended several schools, received instruction from his mother, and read voraciously. john dickens received a reasonable salary, but he always spent more than he made. in 1824 he was imprisoned for debt. two weeks before his fathers imprisonment, young

3、charles was sent to work in a black warehouse, pasting labels on bottles of boot polish. he lived alone in poverty, a rented lodging while the rest of his family moved in john dickens to prison with his fathera common practice at that time. john dickens was released after three months, and charles r

4、eturned to school. dickens always remembered and hated this period of his life and the degradation it seemed to entail. yet here he first became familiar with the lowerclass people who appeared through his novels. dickens also returns again and again in books to prison scenes.considered the most wid

5、ely read writer of fiction in the english language, charles dickens led the humanitarian movement of the 19th century, using the novel as a moral force against every social abuse. he defended the poor and lowly against the injustices inflicted by the powerful rich. while david copperfield is conside

6、red his masterpiece, and a tale of two cities his most popular, the tale of oliver twist is hollywoods favorite with a christmas carol, one of the most famous stories ever written. dickens is seemingly simple, but actually difficult, method of making the characters real and unique, combing pathos an

7、d sentimentalism with inimitable humor, secures his true place among the giants of the written world.despite his public success, dickenss personal life was lacking. he and wife catherine hogarth, who bore him 10 children, separated after 22 years. in 1857 he met actress ellen ternan, and the relatio

8、nship lasted until his death in 1870. his many works have endured as literary classics in print and on the big and small screens, among them nicholas nickleby, the old curiosity shop, barkley rudge, a christmas carol, david copperfield, great expectations, and, which again tells of the misery of the

9、 french lower classes that led to the horrors of the bloody french revolution. while critics do not rank it highly, it is the most popular amongst his readers.b. about humanitariancharles dickens is not only a notable critical realistic novelist of england in the 19th century but also a great author

10、 in literature field. his works are famous for criticizing capitalist society. among his many novels humanitarian is one of distinct features. this thesis, taking a tale of two cities for example, analyses the view of dickens humanitarian.humanitarian is an adjective, which is concerned with improvi

11、ng the lives of mankind and reducing suffering, esp. by social reform. it can be used as a noun. it refers to people who support humanitarian behave. 1charles dickens was a typical humanitarian, who expressed his humanitarianism completely by his novels. his humanitarianism focused on morality as we

12、ll as it based on morality. he advised people to be mercy and human, and he was a good example of humanitarian. for an instance, he showed deep sympathy to the poor. on the other hand， he strongly condemned the feudal aristocrats behavior. and he also held a greatest esteem for the love of the human

13、 being. dickens believed love was always more powerful than resentment. in his opinion, no matter the person was rich or poor, if his behavior agreed with morality, it should be praised. if not, then it should be criticized. therefore, facing the contradiction between the aristocrats and the poor, d

14、ickens firmly believed the contradiction could be solved by the great love of the human being. in short, the view of dickens humanitarian could be summarized as this“be humanitarian and love other”.ii. overview a tale of two citiesthe year is 1775, and social ills plague both france and england. jer

15、ry cruncher, an odd-job-man who works for tellsons bank, stops the dover mail-coach with an urgent message for jarvis lorry. the message instructs lorry to wait at dover for a young woman, and lorry responds with the cryptic words,“recalled to life. 2”at dover, lorry is met by lucie manette, a young

16、 orphan whose father, a once-eminent doctor whom she supposed dead, has been discovered in france. lorry escorts lucie to paris, where they meet defarge, a former servant of dr. manette, who has kept dr. manette safe in a garret. driven mad by eighteen years in the bastille, manette spends all of hi

17、s time making shoes, a hobby he learned while in prison. lorry assures lucie that her love and devotion can recall her father to life, and indeed they do. the year is now 1780. charles darnay stands accused of treason against the english crown. a bombastic lawyer named sydney carton pleads darnays c

18、ase, but it is not until his drunk, good-for-nothing colleague, sydney carton, assists him that the court acquits darnay. carton clinches his argument by pointing out that he himself bears an uncanny resemblance to the defendant, which undermines the prosecutions case for unmistakably identifying da

19、rnay as the spy the authorities spotted. lucie and doctor manette watched the court proceedings, and that night, carton escorts darnay to a tavern and asks how it feels to receive the sympathy of a woman like lucie. carton despises and resents darnay because he reminds him of all that he himself has

20、 given up and might have been.in france, the cruel marquis evremonde runs down a plebian child with his carriage. manifesting an attitude typical of the aristocracy in regard to the poor at that time, the marquis shows no regret, but instead curses the peasant and hurries home to his chateau, where

21、he awaits the arrival of his nephew, darnay, from england. arriving later that night, darnay curses his uncle and the french aristocracy for its abominable treatment of the people. he renounces his identity as an evrmonde and announces his intention to return to england. that night, the marquis is m

22、urdered; the murderer has left a note signed with the nickname adopted by french revolutionaries:“jacques.”a year passes, and darnay asks manette for permission to marry lucie. he says that, if lucie accepts, he will reveal his true identity to manette. carton, meanwhile, also pledges his love to lu

23、cie, admitting that, though his life is worthless, she has helped him dream of a better, more valuable existence. on the streets of london, jerry cruncher gets swept up in the funeral procession for a spy named roger cly. later that night, he demonstrates his talents as a“resurrection-man,” sneaking

24、 into the cemetery to steal and sell clys body. in paris, meanwhile, another english spy known as john barsaddrops into defarges wine-shop. barsad hopes to turn up evidence concerning the mounting revolution, which is still in its covert stages. madame defarge sits in the shop knitting a secret regi

25、stry of those whom the revolution seeks to execute. back in london, darnay, on the morning of his wedding, keeps his promise to manette; he reveals his true identity and, that night, manette relapses into his old prison habit of making shoes. after nine days, manette regains his presence of mind, an

26、d soon joins the newlyweds on their honeymoon. upon darnays return, carton pays him a visit and asks for his friendship. darnay assures carton that he is always welcome in their home.the year is now 1789. the peasants in paris storm the bastille and the french revolution begins. the revolutionaries

27、murder aristocrats in the streets, and gabelle, a man charged with the maintenance of the evrmonde estate, is imprisoned. three years later, he writes to darnay, asking to be rescued. despite the threat of great danger to his person, darnay departs immediately for france.as soon as darnay arrives in

28、 paris, the french revolutionaries arrest him as an emigrant. lucie and manette make their way to paris in hopes of saving him. darnay remains in prison for a year and three months before receiving a trial. in order to help free him, manette uses his considerable influence with the revolutionaries,

29、who sympathize with him for having served time in the bastille. darnay receives an acquittal, but that same night he is arrested again. the charges, this time, come from defarge and his vengeful wife. carton arrives in paris with a plan to rescue darnay and obtains the help of john barsad, who turns

30、 out to be solomon pross, the long-lost brother of miss pross, lucies loyal servant. at darnays trial, defarge produces a letter that he discovered in manettes old jail cell in the bastille. the letter explains the cause of manettes imprisonment. years ago, the brothers evrmonde(darnays father and u

31、ncle) enlisted manettes medical assistance. they asked him to tend to a woman, whom one of the brothers had raped, and her brother, whom the same brother had stabbed fatally. fearing that manette might report their misdeeds, the evrmondes had him arrested. upon hearing this story, the jury condemns

32、darnay for the crimes of his ancestors and sentences him to die within twenty-four hours. that night, at the defarges wine-shop, carton overhears madame defarge plotting to have lucie and her daughter(also darnays daughter) executed as well; madame defarge, it turns out, is the surviving sibling of

33、the man and woman killed by the evrmondes. carton arranges for the manettes immediate departure from france. he then visits darnay in prison, tricks him into changing clothes with him, and, after dictating a letter of explanation, drugs his friend unconscious. barsad carries darnay, now disguised as

34、 carton, to an awaiting coach, while carton, disguised as darnay, awaits execution. as darnay, lucie, their child, and dr. manette speed away from paris, madame defarge arrives at lucies apartment, hoping to arrest her. there she finds the supremely protective miss pross. a scuffle ensues, and madam

35、e defarge dies by the bullet of her own gun. sydney carton meets his death at the guillotine, and the narrator confidently asserts that carton dies with the knowledge that he has finally imbued his life with meaningiii. analysis of major charactersa. lucies responsibility for dr. manette and sydney

36、cartons resurrection1. lucie manettea young french woman grows up in england. she is the ideal victorian lady, perfect in every way. she is very positive and unselfish, always willing to help others. she has her wonderfully kind and sympathetic nature. she is also a compassionate and benevolent char

37、acter that aids in the resurrection of sydney carton and dr. manette. after dr. manette was rescued from prison, he was completely incapable of functioning in the outside world, having entirely forgotten what life outside of prison is like. lucie loves him unconditionally and helps him regain his sa

38、nity. it is a long process, but lucie is dedicated to her father and assists in recovering from his crazed state. it is obvious that lucies love and determination nurse dr. manette back to normality. at the same time, lucie helps sydney carton to resurrect. carton stops getting drunk and begins to l

39、ead a respectable life. because lucie sees potential in carton, he is inspired to better his life.2. dr. manettedr. manette was a brilliant scientist. he had been imprisoned in the bastille for eighteen years. he was jailed and insane because he couldnt stand what the evremonde brothers had done to

40、the peasants and he wrote a letter to the kings officials. not for a long time, the evremonde brothers sent him to the prison. in the living gravethe bastille, dr manette was in great pain and sadness. but later, his daughterlucie, fell in love with charles darnaythe evremonde brothers descendant. i

41、n order to love her and not to hurt her, dr. manette agreed that lucie married darnay. to our great surprise, later when darnay was sent to prison and sentenced to death dr. manette forgave the evremonde brothers fault and tried to save darnay through his own good influence. here, dr. manette comple

42、tely presented humanitarian. dickens emphasized the power of love again.his daughter, lucie, resurrects dr. alexander manettes life after he is rescued from prison. dr. manette was imprisoned in the bastille for 18 years, driving him to insanity. he was jailed because he knew information that the ma

43、rquis st. evremonde did not want to get out. he is saved when the defarges get him out of the bastille and brings him to their wine shop, where his daughter and family friend, mr. lorry, then pick him up. at the time they bring dr. manette back to his house, he is insane. he refers to himself as“one

44、 hundred and five, north tower,” 3his prison cell number. he knows of nothing other than his prison life and frequently reverts to busily making shoes, a hobby he picked up while jailed. he is completely incapable of functioning in the outside world; having entirely forgotten what life outside of pr

45、ison is like. lucie loves him unconditionally and helps him regain his sanity. dr. manette recovers gradually with the help of family and friends. it is a long process, but lucie is dedicated to her father and assists in recovering from his crazed state. as time passes, dr. manette becomes more ment

46、ally stable and his regressions to shoe making become less often. by the end of the book, dr. manette is nearly back to normal; he is once again a fully functional person. lucies love and determination nurse dr. manette back to normality.3. sydney cartonsydney cartons life is made meaningful by the

47、hope that he receives from lucy manette. at the beginning of the story, sydney cartons life has no significance. he is a drunkard with a seemingly worthless life. sydney is working as a clerk for the lawyer c.j. stryver, and though sydney is the real brain behind the ideas, the attorney receives all

48、 the credit. carton has had an unfavorable life and has no inspiration, nothing to live for. sydney really wants for his life to have served some purpose, for him to make a difference. he changes his life around after a conversation with miss manette in which carton professes his love to her. carton

49、 describes himself as a“self-flung away, wasted, drunken, poor creature of misuse”4 and states that there is no hope for bettering his life. however, lucy explains that she believes in him and that he is“capable of better things.”5 as carton leaves he tells her,“for you, and for any dear to you, i w

50、ould to anything,”6 a promise he winds up keeping. carton feels much better about himself knowing that lucie, the woman he idolizes, believes in him. he strives to be a better person and tries to change his life around. he stops getting drunk and begins to lead a respectable life. because lucie sees

51、 potential for carton, he is inspired to better his life.b. sydney cartons responsibility for charles darnays resurrection1. charles darnaycharles darnay, the descendant of the evremonde brothers, was born in an aristocratic family. but he hated and criticized what his father and his uncle had done

52、before.“he knew very well, that in his horror of the deed which had culminated the bad deeds and bad reputation of the old family house, in his resentful suspicions of his uncle”7. then he gave up his marquis and propriety and changed his name and went to england, living as a teacher.sydney carton t

53、wice saves charles darnay, first from prison and then from death. charles darnay is a wealthy aristocrat, but he chooses to live a more modest life. he marries lucie manette, sydney cartons love. in the beginning of the book, darnay is put on trial for treason, though he really has not done anything

54、 wrong. sydney carton is the clerk for darnays attorney. things do not look hopeful for charles, but then the court notices a remarkable resemblance of darnay to carton. darnay is luckily set free because of this similarity. had carton not been present, charles would have almost surely been found gu

55、ilty. darnay is later imprisoned and sentenced to death in france because of something his uncle and father did many years before. all hope is lost after every attempt to set darnay free ends up in failure. the day of the execution, carton has a plan of his own that is completely unexpected. he goes

56、 to the prison and trades places with charles darnay. darnay safely leaves the prison while carton stays in his place, awaiting his own death. sydney does this because of his promise to lucie earlier, that he would do anything for her or for anyone dear to her. carton sees that darnay has a family t

57、o go home to, while he does not. this serves as the perfect opportunity for sydney to make his life meaningful, allowing a person with purpose to live on. there is no hope for sydney after the change is made; he goes to the guillotine later that day. but sydney dies with dignity, knowing his life di

58、d not go to waste. because sydney carton bravely sacrifices his own life for charles darnay, darnay is given an extra chance.2. sydney cartons sacrificea tragic heros deedmany people want to be remembered as martyrs or heroes, to have proven their devotion to a person or cause, and many people have

59、and do die for this. some of their deaths may have been in vain; foolish, impetuous sacrifices of themselves that had no true effect or some of the deaths may have furthered just causes and strengthened beliefs or saved the day. a deeper, case-specific look must be used to judge the true heroes from suicide martyrs caught in a fit of passion. an example of self-sacrifice arises in a tale of two cities by cha