高中必备英语阅读理解(社会文化)技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析

1、（英语）高中必备英语阅读理解( 社会文化 ) 技巧全解及练习题 ( 含答案 ) 及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解in india, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. while it is generally takenas an indicator of their marital( 婚姻的 )status, the practice is primarily related to the hindu( 教的 )religion. the dot goes by different names in

2、 different hindi dialects, and印度“bindi is the onethat is most commonly known. traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction men as well as women wear it. however, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one.the position o

3、f the bindi is standard center of the forehead, close tothe eyebrows. itrepresents a third, or inner eye. hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes the twoouter ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus inwardtoward god. as such, the dot means piety(

4、 虔诚 )and serves as a constant reminder to keep god inthe front of a believers thou ghts.red is the traditional color of the dot. it is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wifes eyes to seal their marriage. according to hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to

5、bring good fortune to the married couple. today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can be worn by young and old, married and unmarri

6、ed people alike. wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.（ 1） why did people in india start wearing a red dot on their forehead?（ 2） what is the function of the third eye in hindu tradition?（ 3） why was red chosen as the original color of the bindi?（ 4） which o

7、f the following statements is true about bindis today?a.bindis are now used to make people look better.b.bindis are worn anywhere on the face now.c.most indian women do not wear bindis anymore.d.more men than women wear bindis in india.【答案】 （ 1） c（ 2） d（ 3） b（ 4） a【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点

8、，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ in india, most of the women wear a red dot betweentheir eyebrows. while it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital （婚姻的） status, the practice is primarily related to the hindu （印度教的） religion. 在印”度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红

9、点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。故选c。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及“ as such， thedot serves as a constant reminder to keep god inthe front of a believers thoughts ”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故选d。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ according to hind

10、u beliefs， the color red is believed tobring good fortune to the married couple”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。故选b。（ 4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ decorativeorsticker bindiscome in all sizes，colorsand variations ， and can be wornby young and old， marriedand unmarriedpeoplealike wearinga bindi has become more of a

11、 fashion statement than a religious custom.装饰物”或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。故选 a【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解welcome to the 2017 uk festival awardsthe uk festival awards & conference is an opportu

12、nity to recognize the hard work, vision and creativity of the nations beloved festival industry.throughout the day of the event, the conference invites numerous industry insiders(行家 ) todiscuss the issues most relative to the sector, reviewing its immediate past and portending to thefuture. the even

13、ings awards present a wide range of honors across categories that are decidedvia a combinationof public voting and professional judgments. since launching in 2004 it hasevolved intoa major event at the roundhouse in london, giving the industrya chance tocollectively celebrate and fondly reflect upon

14、 the achievements of the past year.with a gourmet dinner, gala awards ceremony and after-show party, it attracts over 1,000 ofthe most influential people in the business.along with its sister events, the uk festival conference and the european festival awards, the uk festival awards & conference is

15、owned and produced by festival awards ltd, an independent company founded in the uk.awards include best major, medium-sized and small festival, best family festival, best overseas festival, best use of new technology, and of coursebest toilets.as the festival season is approaching, we thought itd be

16、 a good time to release our free uk festival market report for 2015 / 2016. we gathered the data in our annual census(人口普查 ) undertaken in the preparation stage for last years uk festival awards. the latest uk festivalmarket report can be downloaded below.included in the report is a bunch of related

17、 information about festivalgoers: where theyre from, how they like to purchase music, what they eat, their attitudes towards ticket prices, how receptive they are to different forms of advertising, why they go to festivals in the first place, where they sleep, and much more.we hope you find the info

18、rmation useful.（1） which phrase is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“portending ”a. getting downb. adding upc. giving wayd. looking forwardin paragraph 2?（ 2） what can be inferred from the passage?（ 3） where most probably will you see this passage?a. in a magazine.b. in a newspaper.c. on

19、 a website.d. in a tv program.【答案】 （1） d（2） b（3） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了the 2017 uk festival awards。（ 1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“throughout theday of the event, the conferenceinvites numerousindustry insiders(行家 ) to discuss theissues most relative to the sector,reviewing its immediate past and portendingto th

20、e future.在活”动的当天，会议邀请了许多业内人士来讨论与该行业相关的最重要的问题，回顾其过去的过去，并展望未来。根据reviewing its immediate past和 to the future. 可知划线词的意思是“展望未来 ”，故选 d。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段 “along with its sister events, the uk festival conference and the european festival awards, the uk festival awards & conference is owned and produced by fe

21、stival awards ltd, an independent company founded in the uk. 和第五段中的 “”awards include best major, medium-sized and small festival, best family festival, best overseas festival, best use of new technology, and of course best toilets. 可”知， the festival awards ltd 负责不少于三项活动。故选 b。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“the

22、 latest uk festival marketreport can bedownloaded below.可知”，这篇文章最有可能来自一个网址。故选c。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解the influence of america is increasing in my country. spanish people drink coca cola, wear bluejeans, watch hollywood movies, listen to american mus

23、ic, and eat fast food, and they do thesethings every day.i think that american movies are a good way to spread american culture because people areoften influenced by what they see in the movies. most of the programs and documentaries(记录片 ) we watch on tv are from america, and most of the movies we g

24、o to see are made inin the last few years, the government has tried to protect the spanish movies. now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from spain or from other countries in europe.american culture is a part of spanish life now. its certain that many thi

25、ngs from america are as much a part of peoples lives as spanish things. for example, coca cola is as familiar to everybodyas any typical spanish product. ive known about coca cola for my whole life.however, its different with western fast food. for example, i dont think mcdonalds is as successful in

26、 spain as it is in other countries. in my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the spanish people, the spanish people normally eat at home.on the other hand, maybe mcdonalds hamburgers will eventually replace the famous spanishtapas. its true that in every city in spain you can find a

27、 mcdonalds, and it is more popular amongthe spanish children than among the adults. in any case, its obvious that american culture isbecoming more and more a part of our lives every day.（1） from the first paragraph we can know that.a. the influence of america on spain can be found everywhere.b. most

28、 spanish people dontlike to listen to their own music,c. fast food spreads from spain to the united states.d. some spanish actors go to america toimprove their acting skills.（ 2） what plays an important part in the spreading of american culture in spain?a. american novels.b. hollywood movies.c. mcdo

29、nald.d. american music.（ 3） why did the government set some rules for the films shown in spain?a. to protect foreign culture in spain.b. to earn more money from spanish films.c. to limit the number of foreign movie.d. to unite european communities.（ 4） what do you think spanish tapas might be?a. the

30、 name of a drink.b. the name of a restaurant.c. a clothing brand.d. a certain kind of food.【答案】 （1） a（2） b（3） c（ 4） d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国对作者家乡西班牙有很大的影响，美国人的饮食习惯。穿着习惯和生活习惯都极大影响了西班牙人。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，到处都可以发现美国对西班牙的影响。选a。(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ ithink that american movies are a good way to spreadamerica

31、n culture可”知，故答案选b。(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 “ in the last few years, the government has tried to protect the spanish movies. now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from spain or from other countries in europe. 可推断出，西班”牙政府给在西班牙上演的电影制定一些规则是为了限制外国电影的数量，保护西班牙的电影。选c。(

32、4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ on the other hand, maybe mcdonalds hamburgers willeventually replace the famous spanish tapas. 可”知，或许麦当劳的汉堡将最终取代著名的西班牙 tapas，由此可推断 tapas 指西班牙的一种食品。选 d。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解in korea, it is rude to wear shoes inside someones

33、 house because it is considered dirty. in saudi arabia, you should not bring food to someones house because taking food or drink suggests that you think the host cannot afford the meal. more and more people around the world are travelling abroad to study, to go on vacation, or to work, and while it

34、can be a great way to learn about other cultures, there may be times when travelers accidentally annoy their host.the same gesture can have very different meanings in different countries. the gesture meaning ok in the united states means something completely different in brazil as ella yao discovere

35、d. ella had travelled to brazil to study and was living with a host family. during dinner, her host asked ella if she was enjoying the meal. because her mouth was full of food, ella made a sign with her hand that to her meant ok. although ella meant the food was good, this symbol in brazilian cultur

36、e is extremely rude and her host was deeply annoyed.while travelling in thailand, elizabeth brown learned that there are differences in food in the united states and thailand. she stopped at a small, family-owned restaurant in chiang mai and ordered spring rolls. she was really enjoying eating them

37、until she got the last one and noticed that there was an insect inside. she complained to the server. later, she discovered that although insects are disgusting to most americans, they are considered a delicacy( 佳肴 ) in some countries.all these mistakes can be avoided with some research on cultural

38、differences before you go abroad. however, if you do accidentally annoy someone, quickly apologize, and learn from your mistake.（1） for what reason did ella make her host angry?a. she spoke with her mouth full.b. her host misunderstood her gesture.c. she didnt like the meal her host prepared.d. her

39、host didnt like using body language.（2） what happened to elizabeth brown in a thai restaurant?a. she ate an insect.c. she argued with the server.（3） what may be the best title for the text?b. she was badly treated.d. she learned insects are welcome there.a. what mattersb. when in romec. how to be po

40、lited. why make mistakes【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2） d（ 3） b【解析】 【分析】这是一篇关于风俗文化的文章。文章介绍了在韩国穿着鞋子在家里是不礼貌的和 ok 这个手势在美国和巴西的不同以及泰国的饮食文化，告诉我们为了避免误会一定要学会你所想去国家的文化即入乡随俗，如果我们不小心触碰到了他们的文化要立刻道歉并改正。（ 1）细节理解题。根据第二段中because her mouth was full of food, ella made a sign withher hand that to her meant ok. although ella meant the

41、 food was good, this symbol in brazilian culture is extremely rude and her host was deeply annoyed. 可知，她因为嘴里有东西故用手势表示 ok，但这个手势在主人所在国家是非常粗鲁的意思，所以主人生气是因为误会了她，故选 b。（ 2）细节理解题。根据第三段later, she discovered that although insects are disgusting tomost americans, they are considered a delicacy( 佳肴 ) in some co

42、untries. 可知，昆虫在一些国家也是佳肴，故选 d。注意 a 项错误，文章是说 she was really enjoying eating them until she got the last one and noticed that there was an insect inside. 她发现有只昆虫在春卷里，并没有提到她吃了昆虫。（ 3 ）主旨大意题。本文讲了不同国家有不同的风俗，并告诉我们要入乡随俗，故b 项“ when in rome,do as the romans do即入乡”随俗，适合作文章题目。5阅读理解take a look at the following li

43、st of numbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 7, 9, 6. read them loud. now look away and spend 20 seconds memorizing them in order before saying them out loud again. if you speak english, you have about a 50% chance of remembering those perfectly. if you are chinese, though, youre almost certain to get it right every

44、time. why is that? because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. and unlike english, the chineselanguage allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.that example comes from stanislas dahaenes book the number sense. as dahaene explains:chinese

45、 number words are remarkably brief. most of them can be spoken out in less than one-quarter of a second (for instance, 4 is“ si ” and 7“ qi ” ). their english pronunciations are longer.memory gap between english and chinese apparently is entirely due to this difference in length.it turns out that th

46、ere is also a big difference in how number-naming systems in western andasian languages are constructed. in english, we say fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, so one might expect that we would also say oneteen, twoteen, threeteen, and fiveteen. but we dont. we use a different form:

47、 eleven, twelve, thirteen and fifteen. for numbers above 20, we put the “ decade ” first and the unit number second -(twentyon,wenty-two), while for the teens, we do it the other way around (fourteen, seventeen, eighteen). thenumber system in english is highly irregular. not so in china, japan, and

48、korea. they have a logical counting system. eleven is ten-one. twelve is ten-two. twenty-four is two-tens-four and so on.that difference means that asian children learn to count much faster than american children.four-year-old chinese children can count, on average, to 40. american children at that

49、age cancount only to 15. by the age of five, in other words, american children are already a year behind their asian friends in the most fundamental of math skills.the regularity of their number system also means that asian children can perform basic functions, such as addition, far more easily. ask

50、 an english-speaking seven-year-old to add thirty-seven plus twenty-two in her head, and she has to change the words to numbers (37+22). only then can she do the math: 2 plus 7 is 9 and 30 and 20 is 50, which makes 59. ask an asian child to add three-tens-seven and two-tens-two, and then the necessa

51、ry equation( 等式 ) is right there, inthe sentence. no number translation is necessary: its five-tens-nine.when it comes to math, in other words, asians have a built-in advantage. for years, students from china, south korea, and japan - outperformed their western classmates at mathematics, and the typ

52、ical assumption is that it has something to do with a kind of asian talent for math. the differences between the number systems in the east and the west suggest something very different - that being good at math may also be rooted in a groups culture.（ 1） what does the passage mainly talk about?a. t

53、he asian number-naming system helps grasp advanced math skills better.b. western culture fail to provide their children with adequate number knowledge.c. children in western countries have to learn by heart the learning things.d. asian childrens advantage in math may be sourced from their culture.（

54、2） what makes a chinese easier to remember a list of numbers than an american?a. their understanding of numbers.b. their mother tongue.c. their math education.d. their different iq.（ 3 ） asian children can reach answers in basic math functions more quickly because_.a. they pronounce the numbers in a

55、 shorter periodb. they practice math from an early agec. they dont have to translate language into numbers firstd. american children can only count to 15 at the age of four【答案】 （ 1） d（ 2） b（ 3） c【解析】 【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响，同时也发现了一个非常不同的地方：善于数学也可能植根于一个群体的文化中。（ 1）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响。同时根据第三段中的the number system in english is highly irregular.not so inchina, japan, and korea. they have a logical counting system. （英语中的数字系统是高度不规则的。在中国、日本、韩国则不是这样的。他们有一个逻辑计数系统。）及第四段中的that difference means that asian children learn to count much faster than american child