现在完成时整理归纳

1、现在完成时讲解部分现在完成时的构成：助动词 have （ has） +过去分词 1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是衣服干净了 ”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already （已经用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never（从不”用于中间处）ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just （ “刚冈U ”用于中间处）yet （已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/还”用于否定句的末尾处）或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用1.现在完成时

2、的”完成用法”A、定义现在完成时的”完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束但该动作对现在 产生了影响与现在情况具有因果关系。例如 He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）B、特点现在完成时”完成用法的特点是动作不延续因此该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如already yet beforer ecently等）、频度时间状语（如never ever once等）、包括 现在时刻在内的时间状语 （如this morni ng/ mon th /year.today等）连用。例如 Have you fo

3、und your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2. 现在完成时的”未完成用法”3. A、定义现在完成时的未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去。4. 例如He has lived here si nee 1978.自从1978年以来他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年一直住到现在可能还要继续住下去。）5. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前一直延续至今/翅有可能还要继续下去。）6. B、特点 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since

4、或for引导）或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如 up tonow=so far到目前为止）等。例如 I have heard noth ing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。女口come go arrive leave join become等。现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成 的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：The pla ne has arrived .飞机已

5、经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延 续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示 我 现在已经不在这儿任教了）1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点 只在于陈述一件过去的事情不强调对现在产生的影响。女口 He visited Guilin in 1998

6、.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如 Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)3. 两种时态的区分(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是”助动词have /has +过去分词 。女口The film started at 7 o cloCke has been a teacher for many years.(2) 般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last we

7、ek, two years ago,just now, in 2002 等 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, si nee., for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区另U一、have(has) been in表示 在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先

8、生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have bee n here (there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave bee nhere (there) / abroad (国夕卜)二、have(has)been to表示 曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你

9、曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。三、have(has) gone to意为到某地去了 ”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话 时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Joh nson ha

10、s gone to London.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。现在完成时练习部分用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Ialready(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2.-he(fin ish) his work today ?Not yet .3.-you(be) to Hong Kong ?-Yes, I(be) there twice .4.you ever(eat ) chocolate ?-No, n ever.5. My fatherjust(come) back from work. Heis tired now6. Where Li Ming ?

11、He(go) to the teacher s office.7. Shanghai (be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it (become) alarge city.8. So far I (make) quite a few friends here.9. - I (see) the film“ Chicken Run ” .- Where and when you (see) it? - Last week.10. Mary already (have) her supper.11. I (not want) to see the f

12、ilm. I (see) it with my parents. We (see) it last Sunday.12. - Uncle Wang (mend) the TV yet?-Yes, he.-When he it? - Yesterday.13. you (read) today s newspaper yet?14 They already(do) their homework. But they don t know what (do)next.15. - you (see) the film last night?-No, I (see) it for several tim

13、es.请尝试着做以下的练习1. I (work) here since I (move) here in 1999.2. -How long the Smiths (stay)here? For two weeks.3. She (be) ill for three days.4. She (not read) this book before.5. you ever (travel) on a train before?6. - Wei Hua (come) yet?-Yes. She (come) already. She (come) just now.7. -How long you

14、(learn) English? -For more than two years.8. They (live) in China since they (move) to China.11. My father just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.repairbepayruncutcatchfeelgetholdhurtleaveloseunderstandthrowsleepstudytakewear现在完成时态练习写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词用所给动词的适当形式填空begin send move eat learn winswi

15、m sing lay5. - I(see) the filmChicken Run ” last week.- Where you (see) it?6. We (hold) a sports meeting next week.11. What he (do) at 8:00 last night?12. Mum (cook) when I got home yesterday.13. I (not want) to see the film. I (see) it with my parents. We (see) it last Sunday.14. The teacher told u

16、s that the earth (travel) around the sun.15. you (read) today s new?spaper yet16. They already (do) their homework.17. - Where is Jim?- He (water) the flowers in the garden.19. A squirrel( 松鼠 ) (hide) itself if it (feel) dangerous.20. -WhatTom (do) now?-He (work) on a maths problem.- He (work) it ou

17、t?-No, not yet. I (think) he (work) it out soon.21. - I (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently.- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.22. Mary already (have) her supper.23. If hunters catch a giant panda, they (kill) it for its fur.24. My father (walk) to school from time t

18、o time.25. -Why are you late again?- Sorry, I (not be) late next time.26. - A man named Wang Hao (call) you twice just now.- He is one of my old friends. I (not meet) him since I left for Hong Kong.27. My parents (return) today. Don t forget to meet them at the airport.28. -Uncle Wang (repair) the T

19、V yet?-Yes, he.-When he (repair) it?- Yesterday.29. -I m hungry Mum.-Hungry? You just (eat) four hamburgers.30. you (be) to Beijing?Yes, I already (be) there twice.三翻译句子1. 他自从去了美国以后就没给我写过信。Hesince2. 我们足够幸运，可以看见国家的变化。We are to seewith our eyes.3. 我原来居住的地方已变成了一个购物中心。The place I used to live in4. 我不能像以

20、前那样经常看到他们。I can t see them 5. 这家工厂过去常常把废弃物倒进河里。This factory into the river.、动词填空。1. She(be) away from home for almost four years.2. The sun(rise ) in the east.3. You look tired. Stop(work) and (have) a rest.4.1 ( not hear) from you for a long time.5. My brother(be ) to En gla nd twice.6. Mr Gree n(n

21、ot come) back to China yet.7. Who(teach ) you math last term?8. They(go) to the shopp ing cen ter already.9. Liste n, Xiao Li(sing) in the n ext room.10. They(play) football whe n I walked past.二、句型转换(每空一词)。1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)Ibee n to Macau before.2. He hasn t come to schbecause

22、he .s(就划线部分提问) he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问)lear ned En glish ?4.1 bought a new bike just now.(用 just 改写)Ijusta new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 )WeEn glishthree years6. He has lived here si nee 1999.(就划线部分提问)hehere?7. They have already

23、 fini shed the work.变否定Theythe work.8. My father got there two days ago. 同义句My fatherthere for two days.9. Mr. Li began to teach En glish in this school in 1999. 同义句Mr. LiEn glish in this school si nee 1999.10. They have cleaned the room twice this week.(就划线部分提问)theythe room this week?11. My father

24、went to England in 2003 and 2005. 同义句My fatherEn gla nd.选择题1. Li Hong hasthe army for 2 years.A. joi ned B. be in C. bee n in D. joi ned in2. We have bee n friends since.A. childre n B. five yearsC. five years ago D. five years before3. Mike the story book for a month.A. has boughtB. has had C. had

25、had D. has borrowed4. You that question three times.A. already askedB. have already askedC. already have askedD. asked already5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou .A. since last week B. a week agoC. for a week D. since a week ago6. I at this school for two years.A. am studying B. studyC. studied

26、D. have studied7. They in the city since last summer.A. live B. didn t live C. have lived D. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou 1992.A. since B. from C. after D. in9. Mr. Black China since the summer of 1998.A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to10. His father for years.A. has die

27、d B. has been dead C. died D. dies11. Mary to see the films because she it twice.A. won t go, sawB. won t go, will seeC. won t go, has seenD. didn ot, gsees12. Would you like some more food?Thank you. I enough.A. will haveB. have had C. have D. had13. you England? Yes, it a beautiful country.A. Will

28、, gone to, was B. Have, been to, isC. Had, been to, isD. Have, gone to, is14. you to Beijing?No, I .I there early next month.A. Have, been, haven t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven t, winags goD. Did, go, didn t, was going15. Your sister _ to London to study English. Is th

29、at true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has goneC. gone, will beD. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He it two days ago.A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai.A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. go

30、es to18. He his homework and is now listening to music.A. finishesB. has finished C. finish D. is finishing19. David Shanghai for more than three months.A. came to B. has bee n to C. has bee n in D. has come to20. - Is your father a Party member?-Yes, hethe party three years ago. Hea Party member fo

31、r three years.A. jo in ed; has bee n B. has join ed; has bee nC. was join ed; isD. joi ned; was21. -What a nice bike! How loneyouit?Just five weeks.A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; hav ing D. have; had22. Ithis book for a weekhave to retur n it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept23

32、. -your sisterin Gree n China for a long time?Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; bee n B. Have; bee n C. Has; jo ined D. Have; jo ined24. -How long have youfrom the USA?For three mon ths.A. come backB. retur nedC. go back D. bee n back25. Ithis book for half a year.A. have bought B. have had

33、C. bought D . had26. The stude nts are sorry to hear that famous sin gerfor a year.A. has left B. has gone C. has bee n away D. has gone away27.-youyour homework yet?-Yes, Iit just now.A. Did; do; fini shedB. Have; done; fini shedC. Have; done; have fini shedD. Will; do; fin ish28. The sand storm we

34、atherin Beijing several times this year.A. happe nB. happe ned C. has happe ned D. have happe ned29. -How long have you bee n here? -last mon th.A. ForB. Un tilC. BeforeD. Since30. Hea cold for three days.A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught31. Jim Gree nin Ch ina for two years.A. has come

35、B. has bee n C. has arrived D. came32. The filmfor half an hour.A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn t begunD. began33. Where have youthese days?I have to Beijing with my friends.A. been gone B.been beenC.gone been D.gone gone34 How long have youthis bookA. bought B.borrowed C. hadD.le nt35. We have

36、lived herefive years agoA. whe n B.si nee C.before D.after36 I have watched the game.Whenyouit ?A.have watched B.do watchC.did watchD. will watch37 How do you like Beiji ng, Mr. Black?Oh Isuch a beautiful city.A don tisitB didn t visitC haven t visited D hadn t visited38 Miss Brow nto the Great Wall

37、 twice.A have bee n B has bee nC have gone D has gone39. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came to Yunnan A afterB before C si neeD for40. His gran dpafor two years.A.was diedB.has bee n deadC.was deadD.has died练习：I .翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过

38、这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。8. 在1992年他住在这里。II .用过去时或现在完成时填空:1.When2.youyouyou(have) lunch ?“ Yes. ”_ (have) it? “I (write) a letter to your aunt yet?(have) it at 12:00.Yes, I3.4. I(write) one last week. he(finish) his homework? “ Not yet.they ever(be) abroad? “ Yes,just once.5. Your fatherjust(f

39、in ish) his work.6. Your father(fini sh) his work just now.7. Last term I(lear n) many En glish words.8. They(not read) the in terest ing books yet.9. Hen ever(go) to the scie nee museum.10. you ever (drink) coke?11. “ you (buy) a dictionary? “Yes, I _“ . ”“ Where you (buy) it? ” “ I (buy) it in abo

40、okstore. ”“When you (buy) it? “ Y”esterday. ”练习：用 since 和 for 填空1) two years3) last month5) yesterday7) 4 hours9) we were children11) she left here用 since 和 for 填空2) two years ago4) 19996) 4 o clock8) an hour ago10) lunch time1. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.2. I ve known him we were

41、children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.4. She has been away from the city about ten years.5. It s about ten years _ she left the city.2. 短暂性转换延续性 arrive at/i n sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.t be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing fiv

42、e minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA last year.I the USA since.3) I went home yesterday.I home for .4) They came here last week.They here since come/go back, returnt be back come/go out t be out1) He came out two years ago.He for 2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We to Fuzhou since bec

43、ome t be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I a teacher for 2) The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for . close t be closed open t be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop for .2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours. get up t be up die be deadleave sw. t be awa

44、y from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleept be asleepfinish/end t be ovemrarry t be married1) I got up two hours ago.I since .2) He left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hour

45、s ago.I since .6) They married in 1990.They since . start/begi n to do sth.t do sth. beg in t be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I at this school since .2) The film began two minutes ago.The film for . borrow t keeplose t not havebuy t have put ona cold t have a cold get to know t know1

46、) They borrowed it last week.They it since .2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen for .3) I got to know him last year.I him since .4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I my glasses for . have/has gone to t have bee n in1) He has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/

47、the armyt be a league/a Party member/a soldiert be a member of the league/the Partyt be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a the t wear catch/getfor two years.He the league for two years.2） My brother joined the army two years ago.My brotherafor.My

48、brotherinfor two years.3. 汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6）他们已经结婚10年。7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。8）这会已开了多长时间了？9）这门已经关了两天了。10）我入团2年了。I two years ago.I a for two years.I a of for twoyears.I the for two years.11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。12）我来到农场已 5年了。4. 划线提问1）I have bee n there for two

49、 days.you?2）My father has lived here since 2000.your father?3）He left here yesterday.he?4）They bought a book two hours agotheya book?练习：I. 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei ?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you k

50、now?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I never there.A: How many times Li Fei to that place?B: He there only once.II. 用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He his country.2) David the park just now.3) John En

51、gland since he came back.4) How long he this village?5) The Smiths Beijing for years.6) you ever America?- Yes, I there many times.7) I this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He the farm.9) When he ? He an hour ago.10) Would you like to the zoo with me?-Yes, but I there before.11) Where

52、you now? - I the zoo.12) He often you swimming ?13) you there last year?14) they often skating in winter?III. 翻译下列句子：1. 他已经来中国三年多了。2. 他们出国两个月了。3. 我从来没去过长城。4. 你曾经出过国吗？5. 他已经去图书馆了。6. 他来这儿五年了。7. 昨天他去了公园。8. 你要去哪里?我要去学校。9.他常常去游泳。综合练习：I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I havesee n him before,

53、 so I have no idea about him.2. Jack hasfini shed his homeworkan hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught i n this schoolten years.4. “ Have youseen the film?“ Nd：l h aveseen it.”5. “ Has the bus left?“ Yes, it hasleft.”II. 翻译下列句子：1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。4. 你曾经到过那里吗？ ” 不，我从来没到过那里。”III. 用适当的时态填空：I. She _s(live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of