河南省实验中学2020届高三英语下学期二测模拟考试试题含解析

1、河南省实验中学2020届高三英语下学期二测模拟考试试题（含解析）一、阅读理解：atraditions of giving middle names vary around the world.scotlandmiddle names are actually a fairly recent discovery in scotland. however, as the practice has become popular around the world, it has become pretty common for scottish babies to have middle names.

2、 because last names in scotland are generally associated with their family roots, and first names usually describe a physical characteristic, many parents see a middle name as an opportunity to give their baby a slightly more creative name.spain and latin americain spain and latin america, a middle

3、name is a way to break free from the cultural code governing first names. in some countries, even first names are legislated(立法) to be of christian origin. in chile, most girls are named maria, after the virgin mary, so the middle name is used in practice for differentiation. maria is the most commo

4、n name in the spanish-speaking world, so in all spanish-speaking countries the middle name takes on great significance.russiain russia, both boys and girls are given middle names based on their fathers first name. for boys, the middle name usually has ovich, or evich, added to its ending. for girls,

5、 the middle patronymic(从父名衍生出的名字) name usually has ovna, or evna, added to its ending. people in russia are often referred to by both their first and middle names, sort of the way parents in america use their childrens full names when theyre trying to get their attention(or yell at them). close frie

6、nds in russia often dont use their first names completely, and use only patronymic names, when talking to each other.australiaaccording to law buddy, an australian legal advice service, child naming laws in australia allow birth registrars to refuse to register baby names that to be offensive to reg

7、ister to careless, inappropriate, ridiculous. they do allow for children to get a middle name, which is typically reserved for the mothers maiden name(娘家姓),provided, of course, that the mothers maiden name is not offensive, careless, inappropriate, or ridiculous.1. what do we know about giving middl

8、e names in scotland?a. it needs to be based on their family roots.b. its opposed by the elderly in the countryc. it mainly describes a babys appearance.d. it didnt become common until not long ago2. what role do middle names in the spanish-speaking countries play?a. showing family roots.b. showing t

9、heir unique culture.c. describing a physical characteristic.d. allowing people to have different names3. what is a typical feature of middle names in russia?a. they usually have the same ending.b. theyre usually very creative names.c. theyre usually difficult to remember.d. theyre based on their fat

10、hers middle name.4. what should parents in australia consider when naming their children?a. avoiding a middle nameb. avoiding registering baby names.c. using the mothers proper maiden name.d. using an unusual name for differentiation.【答案】1. d 2. d 3. a 4. c【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了苏格兰、西班牙和拉丁美洲、俄罗斯以及澳大利亚给孩子取

11、中间名的一些传统。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据scotland部分中middle names are actually a fairly recent discovery in scotland.可知中间名实际上是最近在苏格兰才发现的。由此可知，在苏格兰，中间名直到不久前它才变得普遍起来。故选d。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据spain and latin america部分中in spain and latin america, a middle name is a way to break free from the cultural code governing first names.

12、maria is the most common name in the spanish-speaking world, so in all spanish-speaking countries the middle name takes on great significance.可知。在西班牙和拉丁美洲，中间名是打破名字文化规范的一种方式。玛丽亚是说西班牙语国家中最常见的名字，因此在所有西班牙语国家中，中间的名字都具有重要的意义。由此可推知，在说西班牙语的国家中，中间名扮演着允许人们有不同名字的角色。故选d。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据russia部分中for boys, the midd

13、le name usually has ovich, or evich, added to its ending. for girls, the middle patronymic name usually has ovna, or evna, added to its ending.可知对于男孩来说，中间的名字通常会在结尾加上“ovich”或“evich”。对于女孩来说，中间的父名通常会在结尾加上“ovna”或“evna”。由此可知，在俄罗斯，中间名的典型特征是它们通常有相同的结尾。故选a。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据australia部分中they do allow for childre

14、n to get a middle name, which is typically reserved for the mothers maiden name, provided, of course, that the mothers maiden name is not offensive, careless, inappropriate, or ridiculous.可知它们确实允许孩子取中间名，这通常是为娘家姓保留的，当然，前提是母亲的娘家姓不是具有冒犯性的、粗心的、不恰当的或可笑的。由此可知，澳大利亚的父母在给孩子取名时应该考虑使用母亲的娘家姓。故选c。bthe preventive

15、 measures for forest fires include some preemptive(抢先)methods that can help reduce the risks of fires and control their severity and spread, and thus, maintain ecological balance and protect resources. close monitoring of forest fires caused by natural factors can help prevent their spread to a larg

16、e extent. to contain forest fires, fire departments usually use water and chemical fire retardants(抑制剂) that can be dropped from planes and helicopters. to control the spread of a wildfire, firefighters usually create a control line by removing all fuel from an area so that the fire cannot travel ac

17、ross it.controlled burns are often employed by government authorities to reduce fuel buildup, and clean up the fallen leaves, and thus, prevent the spread of forest fires to a vast area. regular controlled burns can also help maintain biodiversity(生物多样性), as the smoke and heat produced in the proces

18、s can facilitate(促进) the growth of seeds of certain plant species. apart from these, responsible human behavior can help reduce the number of forest fires to a great extent. in fact, we can reduce the number of wildfires dramatically by not leaving behind any source of fire in the forest.forest fire

19、s can affect climate and weather to a great extent, besides causing severe damage to valuable trees. wildfires can increase the level of greenhouse gases(water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc), and therefore increase pollution and global warming. however, they are also an important part of the ecosystem,

20、 and many plants depend on the heat and smoke generated by wildfires for their growth and reproduction. but large wildfires can cause extensive damage to the ecosystem, which again highlights the importance of effective control and prevention of forest fires.5. what may be the best title for this pa

21、ssage?a. control and prevention of forest firesb. how to keep ecological balancec. effects of forest firesd. methods of fire spread control6. firefighters get rid of all fuel in all area in order to _a. keep close monitoring of forest firesb. prevent the forest fire from occurringc. protect the anim

22、als thered. stop the wildfire from spreading7. the government arranges some controlled burns to_a. burn the rubbish and keep the forest cleanb. help keep ecological balance of naturec. reduce fuel building up and limit forest fires spread.d. provide reasonable conditions for some plants growth.8. a

23、controlled forest fire may play a positive role because _.a. a new forest will appear soon.b. it promotes the development of some seedsc. nature keeps its balance only by wildfires.d. it makes the trees grow faster than before.【答案】5. a 6. d 7. c 8. b【解析】本文属于说明文阅读。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了森林火灾预防有助于减少损失，减少火灾风险

24、和控制病情蔓延从而确保生态平衡。森林火灾的危害不言而喻，在可控制中的火灾既有助于控制火灾损失，还有助于保持生物多样性。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中the preventive measures for forest fires include some preemptive methods that can help reduce the risks of fires and control their severity and spread, and thus, maintain ecological balance and protect resources.可知森林火灾的预防措施

25、包括采取一些先发制人的措施，减少火灾风险，控制火灾的严重程度和蔓延，从而保持生态平衡，保护资源。结合文章主要从对火灾预防和发生后如何控制两方面做了介绍。故a选项“森林火灾的控制和预防”符合文章标题。故选a。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中to control the spread of a wildfire, firefighters usually create a control line by removing all fuel from an area so that the fire cannot travel across it.可知为了控制野火的蔓延，消防队员通常会通过移除某

26、一区域的所有燃料来建立一条控制线，这样大火就不会蔓延。由此可知，消防人员清除掉所有的可燃物是为了阻止火势的蔓延。故选d。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中controlled burns are often employed by government authorities to reduce fuel buildup, and clean up the fallen leaves, and thus, prevent the spread of forest fires to a vast area.可知政府经常利用控制可燃物来减少可燃物积累，清理落叶，从而防止森林火灾蔓延到广大地区。由

27、此可知，政府安排了一些可控燃烧，以减少可燃物的积累，并限制森林火灾的蔓延。故选c。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中however, they are also an important part of the ecosystem, and many plants depend on the heat and smoke generated by wildfires for their growth and reproduction.可知然而，它们也是生态系统的重要组成部分，许多植物依靠野火产生的热量和烟雾来生长和繁殖。由此可知，受控的森林火灾可以起到积极的作用，因为它可以促进一些种子的生

28、长。故选b。cwith all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the dump, makes me feel goo

29、d and warms my heart.how would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co- workers, neighbors, close friends, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? i am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if i dont know the

30、 person im joking around with. my grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. this not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy(礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.i know of a few people that dont have a funn

31、y bone in their bodies, as they say. everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. they dont get the joke that makes others laugh. i am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if i w

32、ere from outer space. how can people not get a really funny joke?laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. there is too much sadness in this prese

33、nt world. it drives people crazy. we all need to find a way to ignore the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. so，i believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.9. from the second paragraph, we can know that _.a. the author used to

34、be politeb. the authors grandma is humorousc. we should relieve stress in any situationd. family members should play tricks on each other10. the underlined phrase busting a gut in the paragraph 3 can be replaced by _.a. explaining carefullyb. speaking loudc. keeping silentd. laughing hard11. by writ

35、ing the passage, the author mainly intends to _.a. talk about his own understanding of humorb. encourage people to be humorous in daily lifec. introduce a practical way to get through daily lifed convince people of the power of being optimistic about life【答案】9. b 10. d 11. b【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了面对当今世界上所有

36、的战争、争斗和悲伤，拥有良好的幽默感不仅是必要的，而且是必不可少的。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中my grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine.可知我的祖母总是在她做的每件事中发现幽默，即使这是任何人都能想象到的最困难的工作。由此可知，从第二段，我们可以知道作者的奶奶是幽默的。故选b。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文while they just sit there, looking at me as if i were f

37、rom outer space.可知作者笑得很厉害，而别人坐在那里的时候看着作者好像作者是来自外太空一样。可知划线短语意思为“乐不可支，笑的厉害”。故选d。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中we all need to find a way to ignore the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. so, i believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.可知我们都需

38、要找到一种方法来忽略悲伤，给我们的生活带来一点光明。所以，我认为我们最好的办法就是聚在一起讲笑话，一起开怀大笑。由此可推知，通过写这篇文章，作者是想鼓励人们在日常生活中变得幽默。故选b。dfood experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. but its been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing （冲洗）off raw poultry. germs that can make

39、people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. the assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.the do not wash raw poultry advice from the usda is relatively new and perhaps hasnt c

40、aught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said chapman. benjamin chapman, a study author and food safety expert at north carolina state university, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to sp

41、ot problems with poultry. meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.but food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if its not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.the usda-funded study stresses that point. researchers sprayed r

42、aw chicken with a harmless strain of e. coli （大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. but even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. and there are ot

43、her opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.to ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. even after the meal is cooked, you arent out of the danger zone. to keep turkeys an

44、d other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.12. people dont accept usdas advice because_.a. the advice is relatively newb. cleaning seems more trustworthyc. cooks clean the turkey before cooking itd. heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food13. what can be

45、 concluded from paragraph 4?a. food packages carry germs.b. hands and surfaces are easy to get e. coli.c. germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not.d. multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.14. which way may help to cook a turkey safely?a. rinse off the tu

46、rkey before it is heated.b. keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.c. wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey.d. use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.15. from which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?a. culture.b. science.c. education.d.

47、 medicine.【答案】12. b 13. c 14. d 15. b【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the do not wash raw poultry advice from the usda is relatively new and perhaps hasnt caught on because it goes against the common belief

48、that washing makes things clean, said chapman.”可知，查普曼说，美国农业部提出的“不清洗生禽”的建议相对较新，但可能还没有流行起来，因为这违背了人们普遍认为的“清洗可以使东西干净”的观念，由此可知，人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗似乎更值得信赖，故b项正确。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. but even some of

49、those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. and there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.”可知，在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中，约四分之一的人最终将细菌传播到生菜上，但即使是一些没有清洗鸡肉的人，生菜上也有细菌，火鸡身上的细菌还有其他生存的机会：融化和烹饪，由此可知，不管火鸡是否被清洗，它身上的细菌都会传播，故c项正确。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“to ensure a bird

50、 is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees.”可知，为了确保一只家禽被彻底煮熟，他们说要用温度计检查它最深和最厚的部分是否达到165度，由此可知，用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，故d项正确。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时

51、指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，这属于科学范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出自于杂志的科学版块，故b项正确。epublic speakingpublic speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.the types of public speaking are deliberately structured with three general purposes: to inform, to persuade and to entertain. an i

52、nformative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience. _16_for persuasive speech, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. thus, the speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to w

53、hat they might agree on. the last type is a ceremonial speech. it tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. no matter how well you know the person you are giving speech about, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke._17_sparing some ti

54、me to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last. aside from it, knowing who the audience will be is quite necessary. try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area related to the audience. knowing the “battlefield” in advanc

55、e will give the speakers a huge advantage.language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech._18_a speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean. often, when given a speech, the audience look up to the speaker to giv

56、e them something new and useful. _19_language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language. the movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience. while closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the

57、 audience of the important things that have been said. _20_a. it needs to be used clearly.b. these speeches mark special occasions.c. the important thing to watch about is not to put in too much information.d. the key of perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking.e. they can

58、also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.f. knowing how public speaking is done is a key part in understanding the importance of it.g. thus the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audiences expectation.【答案】16. c 17. d 18. a 19. g 20. e【解析】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了公共演讲类型的目的以及成就完美演讲所注意的几点技巧。【16题详解】由第二段“ an informative speech has a purpose to inform, o