建筑结构英语常用词汇

1、.总体设计generaldesign设计依据designbasis建筑红线buildingline建筑系数coefficientofbuildingoccupation界区batterylimited有效面积effectivearea使用面积usablearea结构面积structuralarea建筑面积buildingarea建筑面积密度densityofbuildingarea竖向布置verticalplanning高程altitude等高线contourline相对标高relativeelevation绝对标高absolutealtitude地震基本烈度basicearthquakein

2、tensity抗震设防烈度fortificationintensity风玫瑰windrose建筑朝向buildingorientation建筑间距buildingdistance公顷hectare指北针northarrow测北geophicalnorth建北plantnorth气象meteorology日照sunshine天然采光naturallighting人工照明artificantlight;artificialillumination照度degreeofillumination通风ventilation正压通风positiveventilating噪声noise隔声soundinsul

3、ation吸声soundabsorption保温隔热heatinsulation露点dewpoint冷桥cold-bridge遮阳sunshade恒温恒湿constanttemperature&constanthumidity消声noiseelimination;noisereduction防振antivibration4.2建筑一般词汇conventionaltermsofarchitecture方案scheme;draft草图sketch透视图.2perspectivedrawing建筑构图architecturalcomposition坐标coordinate纵坐标ordinate横坐标

4、abscissa跨度span开关baystair梯段stairslab楼梯平台stairlanding安全出口safetyexit疏散楼梯escapestaircase楼梯间stairwell封闭楼梯间enclosurestaircasefire-resistivegrade生产类别classificationofproduction耐火极限durationoffire-resistance防火间距file-breakdistance泄压面积areaofpressurerelease闷顶mezanine;mezzanine砖标号gradeofbrick;strengthofenclosurew

5、all女儿墙parapetwall隔墙partition（浴室、厕所）隔断stall窗间墙pier墙垛pillar过梁lintel进深防烟楼梯间brick圈梁depth层高floorheight净高clearheight;headroom横数module;modulus裙房skirtbuilding楼梯smokepreventionstairwell消防电梯间emergencyelevatorswell自动扶梯escalator中庭atrium疏散走道escapecorridor;escapeway耐火等级承重墙bearingwall非承重墙non-bearingwall挡土墙retainin

6、gwall填充墙fillerwall围护墙curtainwall;claddingwall;gird;girt;girth防潮层damp-proofcourse勒脚plinth横梁transversebeam纵横longitudinalwall山墙3gable;gablewall电化学腐蚀钢筋混凝土porcelainenamelbrick防火墙firewall压顶coping勾缝pointing砖砌平拱brickflatarch预埋件embeddedinserts直抓梯ladder栏杆railing防腐蚀corrosionresistant;anticorrosion化学溶蚀chemicale

7、rosion膨胀腐蚀expansioncorrosion化学腐蚀electro-chemicalcorrosion晶间腐蚀intergranularcorrosion气相腐蚀gaseouscorrosion液相腐蚀liquidoidcorrosion固相腐蚀solidcorrosion腐蚀裕度allowanceforcorrosion锈蚀rusting4.3建筑材料buildingmaterials级配砂石gradedsand&gravel素土夯实rammedearth灰土lime-soil素混凝土reinforcedconcrete(r.c)细石混凝土fineaggregateconcret

8、e轻质混凝土lightweightconcrete加气混凝土aerocrete;aerocreteconcrete陶粒混凝土ceramsiteconcrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩cement&expendedpearlite岩棉mineralwool;minewool沥青asphalt卷材felt玛蹄脂asphaltmastic粘土砖claybrick空心砖hollowbrick砌块block缸砖guarrybrick锦砖mosac地面砖pavingbrick防滑地砖non-slipbrick耐酸砖（板）acidbrick(acidtile)胶泥mastic粘土瓦cloytile玻璃瓦enamell

9、edtile波形镀锌钢板galvanizedcorrugatesteelchemicalcorrosionplainconcrete釉面砖sheet4玻璃钢瓦glass-fiberreinforcedplastictile彩色压型钢（铅）板colouredcorrugatesteel(aluminium)plat;profiuingcolouredstccl(aluminium)plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cementsheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石graniteplaster花岗石granite磨光花岗石polishedgranite剁斧石artificialstone大理石m

10、arble水泥砂浆抹面cementplaster石灰砂浆抹面limeplaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-limeplaster刀灰打底hemp-cutandlimeasbase原木log方木squaretimber板材plank胶合板plywood三夹板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃flatglass浮法玻璃float-processglass磨砂玻璃groundglass;frostedglass起玻璃prismglass夹丝玻璃wireglass夹层玻璃sandwichglass中空玻璃hollowglass钢化玻璃reinforcedglass镀膜玻璃coatin

11、gglass有机玻璃organicglass4.4建筑构造及配件buildingconstructioncomponent铺砌paving地坪grade基层bedding素土夯实rammedearth垫层base结合层bondingcourse面层covering隔离层insulationcourse活动地板raisingfloor;movablefloor;accessfloor篦子板grating&地面提示块groundprompt遮阳板sunshade窗套windowmoulding护角curbguard5防水层water-proofcourse找平层levelingcourse隔热层h

12、eatinsulationcourse保温层thermalinsulationcourse檩条purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊顶suspendingceiling吊顶龙骨ceilingjoist雨水口draingulley水斗leadhead雨水管leader;downspout天沟valley挑檐overhangingeave檐口eave泛水flashing分水线watershed檐沟eavegutter汇水面积catchmentarea雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp台阶entrancesteps保温门thermalinsulationdoor隔声门（窗）so

13、undinsulationdoor(window);acousticaldoor(window)防火门（窗）firedoor(window)冷藏门freezerdoor安全门exitdoor防护门（窗）protectiondoor(window)屏蔽门（窗）shielddoor(window)防风砂门radiationresistingdoor(window)密闭门（窗）weathertightdoor泄压门（窗）pressurereleasedoor(window)壁柜门closetdoor变压器间门transformerroomdoor围墙门gate车库门garagedoor保险门safe

14、door引风门ventilationdoor检修门accessdoor平开门（窗）side-hungdoor推拉门（窗）slidingdoor弹簧门swingdoor折迭门foldingdoor卷帘门rollingdoor转门revolvingdoor6夹板门plywooddoor拼板门换气窗ventsast上悬窗落地窗frenchwindow玻璃幕墙sillplate防护铁栅barricade;irongrille;flbdoor(framed,ledgedandbatteneddoor);matchboarddoor实拼门soliddoor镶板门paneldoor镶玻璃门glazeddoo

15、r玻璃门glassdoor钢木门steel&woodendoor百页门shutterdoor连窗门doorwithsidewindow传递窗deliverywindow观察窗observationwindowtop-hungwindow中悬窗center-pivotedwindow下悬窗bottom-hungwindow立转窗verticallypivotedwindow固定窗fixedwindow单层窗singlewindow双层窗doublewindow百页窗shutter带形窗continuouswindow子母扇窗attachedsashwindow组合窗compositewindow

16、glazedcurtainwall门（窗）框door(window)frame拼樘料transom（横），mullion（竖）门（窗）扇door(window)leaf(平开窗扇casementsash)纱扇screensash亮子transom,fanlight门心板pancl披水板weatherboard贴脸板trim筒子板lining窗台板grating合页butts;hinges;butthinges执手knob撑档catch滑道slidingtrack插销bolt拉手pull推板pushplate门锁morticelock;doorlock执手锁morticelockwithknob

17、4.5建筑结构buildingstructure74.5.1荷载load活荷载liveload静荷载，恒载deadload静力荷载staticload移动荷载movingload动力荷载dynamicload冲击荷载impactload附加荷载superimposedload规定荷载（又称标准荷载）specifiedload集中荷载concentratedload分布荷载distributedload设计荷载designload轴向荷载axialload偏心荷载eccentricload风荷载windload风力、风压windforce、windpressure雪荷载snowload屋面积灰荷

18、载roofashload（吊车）最大轮压maximumwheelload吊车荷载craneload安装荷载erectionload施工荷载constructionload不对称荷载unsymmetricalloading重复荷载repeatedload刚性荷载rigidload柔性荷载flexibleload临界荷载criticalload容许荷载admissibleload,allowableloadsafeload极限荷载ultimateload条形荷载stripload破坏荷载failureload,loadatfailure地震荷载seismicload;earthquakeload荷

19、载组合combinationofload4.5.2地基和基础soilandfoundation地基(bed)soil天然地基naturalground人工地基artificialground混凝土基础concretefoundation;concretefooting毛石基础rubblemasonryfooting;(rubble)stonefooting砖基础brickworkfooting桩基础pilefoundation设备基础equipmentfoundation机器基础machinefoundation独立基础individualfooting,isolatedfoundationp

20、adfoundation联合基础combinedfooting8大块式基础floatingfoundation基础埋置深度pilegroup;pileclustermassivefoundation沉箱（井）基础depthofembedment斜桩条形基础stripfoundation;stripfootingstrapfooting;continuousfootingcaissonfoundation构架式基础framefoundation深基础deepfoundationfoundation地下连续墙undelgroundcontinuouswall打桩piledrivingbatterp

21、ile预制桩precastpile灌注桩in-situpile;cast-in-place方形基础基础打桩机pilesquarefootingfootingfoundationpileengine;piledriver;ramcast-in-situpile;filling杯形基础基槽mactuinepilefootingsocketfoundationditch;foundation钢桩板桩板式基础trenchsteelpilesheetpileslab-foundation;matfooting阶梯形基础steppedfoundation;benchedfoundation(stepped

22、footing)扩展基础spreadfooting扩底基础under-reamedfoundation浮伐基地raftfoundation;buoyantfoundation基坑foundationpit基础板foundationslab基础梁foundationbeamfootingbeam基础底面foundationbase基础底板foundationmat基础垫层foundation-bed水桩woodpile;timberpile钢筋混凝土桩reinforcedconcretepile砂桩sandpile石灰桩limepile;limecolumn;quicklimepile单桩sin

23、glepile群桩拆密桩compactionpile挤密砂桩sandcompactionpile灰土挤密桩line-soilcompactionpile钻孔桩boredpile打入桩driuenpile摩擦桩frictionpile;buoyantpile9端承桩endbearingpile;pointbearingpile;columnpile(柱桩）支承桩bearingpile抗拔桩tensionpile;upliftpile;抗滑桩anti-sliclepile桩承台pilecap桩帽pilecap;pilecouel桩头pilecrown;pilehead桩端piletip桩身pile

24、shaft桩距pilespacing桩钢筋笼pilecage试桩testpile桩荷载试验pileloadtest桩的动荷载试验dynamicloadtestofpile桩的侧向荷载试验lateralpileloadtest桩的极限荷载ultimatepileload桩承载能力pilecapacity;bearingcapacityofapilecarryingcapacityofapile土压力earthpressure主动土压力activeearthpressure被动土压力passiveearthpressure静止土压力earthpressureatrest容许地耐力allowable

25、bearingstrength冰冻深度frozendepth;frostdepth;frostpenetrationdepthoffrostpenetration防冻深度frost-proofdepth粘土类土clayeysoil轻亚粘土sandyloam亚粘土sandyclay;loam砂质土sandysoil砂砾石sandygravelstratum膨胀土expansivesoil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层hardpan液限liquidlimit塑限plasticlimit塑料指数indexofplasticity松软土mellowsoil;spongysoil回填土backfillrefil

26、ling杂填土miscellaneousfill地表水surfacewater;地下水groundwater地下水位groundwatereltualion;groundwaterlevel;groundwatertable容重unitweight干容重dryunitweight湿容重wetunitweight饱和容重saturatedunitweight10不均匀沉降unequalsettlement;differentialsettlement地基处理groundtreatment地基加固groundstabilization;soilimprovement土质查勘soilexplorat

27、ion地质勘察geologicalexploration沉陷settlement倾斜obliquity;inclination滑移sliding夯实土compactedsoil夯实填土compactedfill夯实回填土tampedbackfill夯实分层厚度compactedlift持力层bearingstratum;supporting;course管道与基础相碰pipelineinterfereswithfoundation4.5.3一般结构用语termsforgeneralstructures建筑结构buildingstructure建筑物building结构形式structuralt

28、ype混凝土（砼）结构concretestructure砌体结构masonrystructure砖砌结构brickstructure石砌结构stonestructure砖砼结构brickandconcretestructure钢结构steelstructure结构型钢shapesteel木结构timberstructure组合结构compositestructure框架结构framestructure梁板结构beamandslabstructure构件member承重构件load-bearingmember结构构件structuremember肋形屋盖ribbedroof肋形楼板ribbedf

29、loorslab无梁楼板flatplate;flatslab桁架；屋架truss;rooftruss三角形屋（桁）架triangulartruss梯形屋（桁）架trapezoidaltruss拱形屋架archrooftruss折线形屋架segmentalrooftruss弓形桁架bowstringtruss框架frame排架bentframe刚架rigidframe门架portalframe抗风构架windframe11抗震构架aseismicframe梁beam;girder大梁girder主梁principalbeam;primarybeam次梁secondarybeam加腋梁haunch

30、edbeam筒支梁simplybeam固端梁fixedbeam悬臂梁cantileverbeam连续梁continuousbeam托梁spandrel圈梁girth过梁lintel曲梁curvedbeambowbeam基础梁foundationbeam吊车梁cranegirdert形梁t-beam柱column组合柱combinationcolumn立柱post吊车柱cranecolumn抗风柱endpanelcolumn墙wall板slabplate承重墙bearingwalls柱网columngrid支撑系统bracesystem柱间支撑portalbracingcolumns屋石支撑ro

31、ofbracing垂直支撑verticalbracing水平支撑horizontalbracing剪刀撑crossbracing临时顶撑,支撑shoring桁架式支撑trussedbracing斜撑kneel-bracebetween上弦topchord下弦bottomchord节间panel节点panelpoint压杆compressionmember;strut拉杆tensionmember;tie-beam腹杆webmember斜杆diagonalmember斜腹杆diagonalwebmember吊杆hangedrod;sagrod系杆，拉杆tiebar;sagrod天窗架skylig

32、htframe12天窗monitor;skylight托座、牛腿bracket檀条purlin连接connection接点joint铰接点hingedpoint固接点fixedjoint安装接点erectionjoint拼接接点splicejoint节点板、连接板gussetplate;connectingbearingplate填隙板fillerplate梁柱接头beam-columnconnections截面crosssection拱arch壳shell伸缩缝expansionjoint沉降缝settlementjoint施工缝constructionjoint防震缝aseismicjoi

33、nt4.5.4结构理论用语结构设计structuredesign按极限强度设计ultimatestrengthdesign按许可应力设计workingstressdesign按承载能力设计loadingcapacitydesign按稳定性设计designaccordingtostability按变形设计designaccordingtodeformation结构分析structuralanalysis结构计算structuralcalculation静定结构staticallydeterminate精确计算rigorouscalculation近似计算approximatecalculatio

34、n安全等级safetyclasses极限状态limitstates摩擦系数coefficientoffriction质量密度massdensity重力密度weight(force)densityb)结构的作用效应术语轴向力normalforce剪力shearforceplatetermsfortheoryofstructures弯矩加劲板stiffenerplate支撑板slructuresa)设计方法术语termsfordesignmethod超静定结构staticallyindeterminstestructuresbendingmoment扭矩torque13水平推力horizontal

35、thrust水平拉力horizontalpull水平（垂直）分力deformation弯曲bending;flexure扭转torsionshearstrength抗变强度flcxuralstrength抗扭强度torsionalstrength截面高度heightofsection截面有效高度effectivedepthofsection载面宽度horizontal(vertical)抗裂强度breadthofsectioncomponent合力resultant正应力normalstress剪应力shearstress主应力principalstress次应力secondarystress

36、预应力prestress位移displacement挠度deflection变形c)材料性能、结构抗力术语termsofpropertyofmaterialandresistamleofstructure抗力resistancc抵抗力矩resistantemoment强度strength刚度stiffness;rigidity抗裂度crackresistance抗压强度compressiuestrength抗拉强度tensilestrength抗剪强度crackingstrength屈服强度yieldstrength疲劳强度fatiguestrength弹性模量modulusofelastic

37、ity剪切模量shearmodulus变形模量modulusofdeformation稳定性stabilith泊松比poissonratiod)几何参数术语termaofgeometryparameter截面厚度thicknessofsection截面面积areaofsection截面面积矩firstmomentofarea截面惯性矩secondmomentofarea截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词sectionmodulus回转半径radiusofgyration偏心距eccentricity长度length跨度span14矢高mortarleveling浇灌砼courservse长细比slend

38、ernessratio4.5.5砖石结构masonryconstruction砖砌体brickwork砌筑laying砖标号gradeofbrick;strengthof4.5.6钢筋砼结构reinforcedconcretestructure素混凝土plainconcrete钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete预应力砼prestressedconcrete砼标号gradeofconcreteconcreting;costion;pouring;placing一次浇灌atonepouring分二次浇灌poursintwooperations二次灌浆finalgrouting钢筋保护层reinforcementprotectivecourse4.5.7配筋reinforcement配筋率percentageofreinforcement主筋mainreinforlement分布筋distributingreinforcement腹筋webreinforcement开口箍筋b