step_by_step_3000_book4_听力材料和答案

1、unit 1 the less traveled pathpart i warming upa.tapescripts:man 1what makes me happy is slowing down. i think that we live in a very fast, speedy world and we often forget to take stock and take time.well, the problem with happiness is of course that sometimes when you are happy, you are infected wi

2、th the spirit of the fact that its going to stop, so sometimes you cant enjoy happiness because you know its going to end.man 2i think it is a very good thing to try and aim to be happy. happiness is a difficult concept. youre aiming for sort of contentment and satisfaction with a few of joy.and for

3、 me, like most people actually, what the evidence tells you is its about having good relationships and making time for them, so im never happier than when im with my wife and child and also having fulfilling and satisfying work.man 3again theres a wealth of evidence about this-above a certain point

4、wealth and possession dont contribute to happiness. of course theres a minimum, if youve just lost your job and you cant pay the mortgage, youre going to be miserable. but above a certain level, and its actually relatively low in a society like ours, money doesnt actually buy happiness.b.speaker 1no

5、t remember very much about childhood/not very close/not talk very muchspeaker 2get on very well with mum/tell her everything/talk very openlyspeaker 3(mum) always tell me to do this and do that/(father) let me do what i wantspeaker 4fond memories of childhood/do a lot as family/a treat for each ofus

6、/seemingly spoil ustapescripts 1. i dont remember very much about my childhood, actually. my wifes always asking me “when you were a boy, did you use to” and i reply “i dont know, i cant remember.” we didnt we didnt use to talk very much, we werent very close, or if we were, we didnt show it. i reme

7、mber i used to have my hair cut every friday. my father and i would go together. i had the shortest hair in the school. when theyd finished cutting it, theyd burn the ends with a sort of candle. oh ill never forget that smell.2. i got on very well with my mother. i used to tell her everythingor near

8、ly everythingand shed talk to me very openly too. sometimes shed say to me “dont go to school today. stay with me.” and wed go out shopping or something like that.3. im not very tidy person, by my mothers very house-proud, so shes always telling to pick things up and put them away, and do this and d

9、o that. she goes on for hours about “cleanliness is next to godliness.” my father isnt like that at all. he lets me do what i want. i think hes learned not to pay attention.4. i have very fond memories of my childhood. to me it represented security. we used to do a lot together as a family. i rememb

10、er walks and picnics, and going for rides on a sunday afternoon. every friday, when my father came home from work, he had a treat for each of us. my mother used to say he was spoiling us, but why not? it didnt do us any harm.c. 1. armchairs 2. bed 3. dresser 4. desk 5. chair 6 bookcase 7. tv 8-1. st

11、ereo 8-2. speaker 9. table lamptapescripts man-m woman-wm: gee, i dont remember it being this small. i thought the room was a lot bigger.w: so did i. but its ok once we get the furniture in. look, why dont we put the armchairs in front of the fireplace?m: yeah. um, maybe we should decide really wher

12、e the bed goes first. it si the biggest piece of furniture, after allw: right. well, why dont we put the bed behind the door as you come in?m: oh, yeah, thats a good idea. um we can put the bed in the corner.w: ok. now, whats next?m: well, how about the dresser?w: why dont we put it across from the

13、fireplace in the corner next to the closet? im going to put it there now. why dont you help me?m: why dont you move it and ill just watch.w: oh, yeah, right. come on, lift your end. now dont scratch the floor.m: ok, but its heavy.w: whats in it? i thought you were supposed to empty out the drawers.m

14、: well, i didnt get around to that this morningw: ah(mm) didnt get around to it.let me see.how does that look?m: it looks good.w: hmm, now, where do you want your desk?m: well, how about in the far corner between the two windows? i mean, i need lots of light.w: do you think itll fit there?m: well, i

15、tll probably fit if wwe can put it diagonally.w: oh, good idea. and then the chair can have its back the fireplace. (mm-hmm) yeah, i could live with that. all right, what about the bookcase?m: well, how about on the far wall between those two windows, i guess, so ill be right near the desk?w: yeah,

16、yeah, good idea. all right, where do you think the tv should go?m: how about in the corner to the left of the fireplace, so we can watch it from the armchairs? and we can put the stereo next to the tv with, uh, the speakers on either side of the fireplace.w: terrific! now, let me see, what else is t

17、here?m: well, theres the table lamp.w: well, the table lamp should go on top of the dresser. hold it a minute, imim trying to find the outletyou know, that really looks nice.m: mm-hmm. looking at the desk, though, i think i may need some more light to work. well i could buy a desk lamp.w: good idea.

18、 you know, the place really looks good.m: yeah.w: you want to put your books in the bookcase now, or do you want to wait for.part ii opting for a slower pace of life in the 21st centurya. questions:1. a breathless race with time/speedaholic/a long list of things to do/obsessed with saving time.2. th

19、ree years ago/reading bedtime stories to his 3-year-old son/speed reading/ gone too far.3. improve the quality of life/more slowlybetterproductivity up/at the right speed.tapescriptsas you may have noticed life is fast-paced. we travel on bullet trains and jets. news comes to us at the speed of ligh

20、t. and with cell phones and the internet and of course, fast food, most people rush through their days, trying to do more in less and less time. but not everyone. some people are trying to slow down, and instead of racing through life, actually experience it.journalist carl honore admits that not lo

21、ng ago his life was a breathless race with the time. “in the old days, when i was a speedaholic. if you like, my whole life was just a long list of things to do.”to finish all those tasks, day after day, mr. honore says he became obsessed with saving time wherever he coulda minute here, a few second

22、s there. he says people usually dont realize that their whole life has turned into an exercise in “hurry up” until they get a wake up call and something stops them in their tracks.mr. honores wake up call came three years ago when he began reading bedtime stories to his 3-year-old son. “id go into h

23、is room at the end of the night and i just couldnt slow down. id be speed-reading the cat in the hat, which is ridiculous. i heard about the series of books called one-minutes bedtime stories, which is a horrible idea, but my first reaction was, what a great idea, i must get some. thats when i caugh

24、t myself, and i just thought no, this has gone too far.”to improve the quality of life, mr. honore says, people need to embrace what he calls “the philosophy of slow.” “i think that one of the cultural assumptions we make nowadays is that slow is bad and that slowing down means being lazy or unprodu

25、ctive or giving up. but the opposite if true. now, more than ever in this high-tech 24/7 technology drenched society, we need moments of slowness. when you work more slowing you actually work better, your productivity goes up. so you know, sometimes you have to go fast at work. people need to do thi

26、ngs at the right speed. they need to re-learn the lost art of shifting gears.”b.the philosophy of slow is a worldwide phenomenon, and a variety of slow movements are redefining our relationship with time. one of those groups is slow food. makale faber is spokeswoman for its us chapter, “the organiza

27、tion has always been kind of against the spread of the fast food culture around the world. but its more than just the food. we really kind of educate consumers about how foods are related to culture. its also about this industrial life, which you know, has changed the culture of many work places. pe

28、ople are multi-tasking, doing several jobs at once, not being able to take time to have lunch during their workday or vacations.”slow food now has 13,000 members in the united states and more than 80,000 in 60 countries around the world. other organizations in the movement focus on business, exercis

29、e or product design.one design that reflects slowness is a line of products called broken white by dutch industrial designer simon heijdens. “its actually a set of dinner dishes, white ceramic dishes. they appear to be just white plates, bowls and mugs, but over the course of their use they begin to

30、 develop these very small cracks. and as they continue to be used, the cracks reveal themselves to be floral patterns, which you might find on your grandmothers china. and so you have a stronger attachment to those products. and youre less likely to dispose of them because they are actually carrying

31、 an expression of your relationship with them.”with the slow movement now spreading across the globe, in praise of slowness author carl honore says he hopes the worlds hurry-up, impatient lifestyle will start to relax. however, he acknowledges that slowing down is not something people can do quickly

32、and, with all the pressure on us to go even faster, its not always easy. but, he says, its worth the effort. part iii familythe familyi. functions of family a. providing necessities of life/share the economic burdens b. offering affectional joysc. raising children to adulthoodd. giving protection in

33、 times of emergencyii. patterns of family a. extended familyuncles, aunts, cousins and in-laws b. nuclear familya husband, wife and their children c. polygamous householda husband, several wives and their children d. divided residencehusband and wife living separately with children raised by mothers

34、 brother. e. nayar way of livingbrothers and sisters and sisters children * communal living groupperson not biologically related.iii. factors influencing family structure a. economic conditions e.g. no aid from society or stateextended family b. industrialization and urbanization e.g. creation of ma

35、ny specialized jobsnuclear family c. inheritance customs e.g. 1. property inherited by eldest son 2. property inherited by all of the sonstapescriptsthroughout history the basic unit of almost every human society has been the family. the members of the family live together under the same roof, they

36、share the economic burdens of life as well as its affectional joys, and it is the family which has primary responsibility for the important task of raising children to adulthood.the family is not a uniform concept in all societies. in many places it is an extended group which includes uncles, aunts,

37、 cousins and in-laws. the family head usually has considerable influence in arranging marriages, selecting careers and determining all important moves and purchases by any member of the family. particularly in conditions where society or the state does not give aid and where consequently the respons

38、ibilities of the family are greater, this larger group provides better protection in times of economic or other emergency.in many other societies, including most industrialized ones, the “nuclear family” is the basic social unit. this term refers to a husband and wife united through marriage and the

39、ir dependent children, whether natural or adopted. industrialization and urbanization create many specialized jobs which tend to scatter family members among different employers and thus to separate residences as soon as they become wage earners. the small family, which has only oneor if the wife wo

40、rks also, twoemployed members, is better able to adapt to rapid change and to move when the job moves.the nuclear family is almost universal and the nuclear group of father, mother and their children is recognized even when it is part of an extended family. there are cases, however, which strain the

41、 definition. polygamy, for example, brings several wives and their children into the picture. but polygamous households are not common in any society. more difficult to explain are the cases of divided residence. among the ashanti people of africa, where the wife and husband do not reside together,

42、the child gets training and affection from the mothers brother and learns that his mothers husband is “not his family”. an even stranger situation existed with the nayar of india before being changed by outside influence. there the household consisted of brothers and sisters and the sisters children

43、. the sisters were not married and the brothers simply took care of whatever children their sisters had.inheritance customs also have an influence on the structure of the family. in england the farm was passed on to the eldest son in order to keep the family land intact. younger sons had to go out a

44、nd start a new farm or join the army or move to town and take up a trade. they provided a large part of the labor supply during englands industrialization process. in many areas of the european continent all of the sons shared equally in the inheritance and more extended households were common.altho

45、ugh the exact from varies from place to place and time to time, we can say that the family is the original and most natural social group. the ties we develop by long intimate association with the small group of persons who are biologically related to us cannot be matched in any of the forms of commu

46、nal living which are tried every now and then.unit 2 the changing womenpart i warming upa.tapescript:1. organized activity on behalf of womens rights began in the mid 1800s, when both by law and by custom, women were considered non-persons.2. in the early tg00s, important changes occurred in the soc

47、ial and political climate in america as a result of world war i.3. in 1920 after world war t, american women gained the right to vote.4. during world war ii, large numbers of women entered the job market to do the jobs of the men who had been drafted into military service.5. today, women make up 1.5

48、% of the 200,000 professional firefighters in the u. s., and they make up 4% of airline pilots and navigators.6. the small business administration predicts that women will own nearly 40% (others say half) of all small businesses in the u.s. by the year 2000.7. from 1980 to 1988, the number of busine

49、ss men and women- entrepreneurs - increased 56% overall, but during that period, the number of female entrepreneurs grew 82%.8. in 1969 in the u. s., only 4% of the state lawmakers were women. by 1993, this number had grown by 500%, and 20.4% of state legislators were women.9. today, only 10% of ame

50、rican families have the traditional working father and the mother who stays home to take care of the children.10. the rate of womens participation in the workforce rose from 27% in 1940 to 44% in 1985.b.speakers key wordslynne friends / child-free / respect for their choice / not myopinion / had to

51、have children / dont know whyirene daughter the same / eager / get married / have children/ thinking about / 8 or 9 years old / observe me as amother / other mothersbarbara yes, thats how i was.tapescript.l- lynne i- irene b-barbaral. i have many, many friends who have opted for a child-free life. i

52、 have a great deal of respect for their choice. but therein lies the key. it was their choice. infertility was not my choice. is a woman less of a woman without children? absolutely not in my opinion, but i had to have children. i dont know why. people have asked us, yknow, well what was that just m

53、ade you so obsessed and compelled and driven? i dont know. i dont. i dont know that ill ever know. all i know is i had to have children.i. well, my daughter, interestingly enough, is the same way. shes very eager as soon as she finishes law school to get married and have children. and we talked abou

54、t this and she said, mom, you dont understand. ive been thinking about having children since i was eight or nine years old.c1. the difference between men and women when they surf the internet according to the study conducted by media matricks and jupiter communications:women: as a toolmen: tend to s

55、pend more time playing around2. the different reasons why women use the web:check email / chat / look for information / resources / studying searchtapescript:for the first time ever the number of women on the web has surpassed the number of men, pushing the huge growth of females between the ages of

56、 12 and 17.music websites like are attracting teen girls and so are sites focused on fashion and shopping. an unscientific survey of teens, mostly girls attending oakland technical high school in oakland, california, shows teens are using the world wide web for many reasons.f. my name is f

57、i and im 16. i check my email on the net and i chat sometimes. thats all i did.p: my name is sonia fay phillips. im 17 years old. mostly i use the internet for, uh, look(ing) up for my college information or check my email or chat. i use., mostly use it for resources and studying because i dont have time for play and stuff.m: my name is lucien morrison. im 17. and i use the internet to chat on, to get codes for play station games, to check my email and to play games on.m: im meesha. im 14 years old. i usually just search on the web, just anything im looking for or just sea