英语专业本科毕业论文中西酒文化对比

1、内蒙古财经大学本科毕业论文中西酒文化对比作 者 系 别 外国语学院专 业 商务英语年 级 08 级学 号 指导教师 导师职称 副教授最终成绩 foreign languages college inner mongolia finance and economics universitycomparison of the wine culture between china and the westfeng xueyaoa thesis submitted to foreign languages college ofinner mongolia finance and economics u

2、niversityin full-time fulfillment of the requirementfor the degree of bachelor of artsmay 2012hohhot, china摘要酒是人类生活中的主要饮料之一。在人类文化的历史长河中，它不仅是一种客观的物质存在，而且是一种文化象征，即酒神精神的象征。酒文化源远流长，品种繁多，是一个国家历史发展和文化沉淀过程中不可缺少的一环。中西方文化价值观存在着根本性的差异，酒文化也是一样。本文通过比较中西方酒的源头，酿酒原料与酒品的差异，酒文化核心的差异，酒的交际功能等方面的不同来分析和比较中西方酒文化差异，从而进一步阐

3、述中西方文化差异，特别是价值观方面的差异。关键词：中国，西方，酒文化，比较 abstractthe wine is one of the major beverages in peoples daily life. in the long history of human culture, it is not only an objective physical existence but also a cultural symbol. that is the symbol of wine culture. wine culture is long standing and well esta

4、blished. wine culture is one of the irreplaceable parts of a countrys historic development and cultural sediment. chinese and western values are basically different, and so is the wine culture. through comparing the origin and the material and category of wine-making, drinking customs, the communica

5、tive functions and drinking culture between china and the west, this paper studies the differences between chinese wine culture and the western wine culture. thus further to compare the difference between china and the western culture, especially the value.key words: china, the west, wine culture, c

6、omparisonacknowledgementsi am gladly to take this opportunity to express my thanks to my tutor-miss wang ying, who offers me academic advices on composing this paper. her patient help and timely encouragement are worthy of high acknowledgement. on the process of composing the paper, she also played

7、an important role in indicating a bright road in my future writing.and i also would like to take this opportunity to thank mr. zhao guodong, who once gave some classes about how to write a paper. at the same time, i would like to thank all the leaders and teachers of the foreign languages collage.i

8、do need to thank my classmates who spend their time in reading my paper and give me their advices. table of contents摘要. iabstract.ii acknowledgements.iiitable of contents.ivpart i introduction.1part ii origins of chinese wine and the western wine.2 2.1 the origins of chinese wine.2 2.2 the origins o

9、f the western wine.2part iii material and category for wine-making.3 3.1 the materials and categories of chinese wine.4 3.1.1 the yellow liquor.4 3.1.2the white liquor.4 3.2 the materials and categories of western wine.5 3.2.1 whisky.6 3.2.2 brandy.6 3.2.3 lyme wine (rum).6part iv. the core of wine

10、culture.64.1 the different preferences of wine between china and the west 74.2. different wine-drinking customs between china and the west.74.2.1 chinese wine-drinking customs8 4.2.2 western wine-drinking customs84.3. different drinking vessels between china and the west94.4. different communicative

11、 functions and drinking culture.104.4.1 lyricism and enjoyment.104.4.2 shallow sip and cattle drink114.4.3 masculinity and feminism.11part v. conclusion.11bibliography.1comparison of the wine culture between china and the westpart i. introductionthe wine, from its first presence, has occupied an imp

12、ortant position in peoples daily life. and with the development of the human history, the wine has become an integral part of human culture, and formed different cultural backgrounds. the charm of the wine culture is that it is always accompanied by other cultures, giving a different cultural flavor

13、 to show its different personality. western wine culture can be said to be the wine made from grape, while chinese wine culture is the rice wine. as the living environment, historical background, traditional custom, the value and social norms are different, the wine culture between the east and the

14、west presents a disparate ethnic characteristics. eastern and western wine cultures do have their similarities but they are quite different. wine culture is the projection of the human society and the history. the differences of wine culture mean the difference of its main body culture. chinese wine

15、 drinking culture is generally typical collectivism, friends drink to ones content, and people tend to make drinking atmosphere. while the western wine culture is individualism. although there are also collective parties, westerners pay more attention to personal taste for wine drinking. the compari

16、son of the wine culture between china and the west is quite significant. the paper is divided into five parts and it analyses the origins of chinese wine culture and western wine culture, material and category for wine-making and then by comparing the chinese wine-drinking customs and the western wi

17、ne-drinking customs to reach the core of wine culture and the at last compare the communicative functions and drinking culture between china and the west. through comparing the origin , the material and category of wine-making and drinking customs between chinese and the western world, this paper st

18、udies the differences between chinese wine culture and the western wine culture to help people know more about the differences of chinese culture and the western culture. through comparing, people in the east and west can make a good understanding of each other and will be good for their future comm

19、unication. part ii. origins of chinese wine and the western winethe wine, to both the chinese and the westerners, plays an important role in peoples daily life. to compare the different origins of wine between china and the west, we should first compare the different origins of wine culture. the win

20、e culture is one of the most popular and the most important human cultures. the origin of wine in china is different from that in the west. it is human beings who brewed wine in china but in the west, wine is the product made by the spirit.2.1 the origins of chinese wineusually, there are four legen

21、ds of chinese wine origins. they are all about who invested the methods of making wine. the originators are as follows: yi di, du kang, the monkey and the chinese lord .yi di and du kang are considered the originators of wine-making in china and are believed by most people. according to ancient anna

22、ls, yi di was ordered by yu the great to produce mellow wine from fermented glutinous rice. the concoction tasted good and yi di was confident he would receive a reward. yu, while agreeing that the drink was of excellent quality and had a good taste, so yi di was rewarded. another chinese wine-maker

23、, du kang, created a formula for high quality liquor made of sorghum. as a legend has it, one winter he put cultivated sorghum seeds in a hollow. the following spring he noticed a strong smell coming from it and was amazed to discover that the sorghum he left there had fermented. this accidental dis

24、covery inspired du kang to create an alcoholic beverage. and with no doubt, he succeeded. the liquid he invented was so popular that du kang became the pronoun of the wine and was remembered by people until now.2.2 the origins of the western winedifferent from chinese origin of wine, the west has no

25、 clear records in its history. it was said that an ancient persian king sealed the remnant grapes in the barrel and labeled the word poison” to prevent others from eating them. there was a concubine disfavored by the king and lived painfully opportunely to see the poison barrel and wanted to kill he

26、rself at that time. she opened it and drank for a few mouths. she didnt feel painful but a sense of intoxication and giddy when she was waiting to die before she fell asleep. when she awoke, she found the stresses that had made her life intolerable had dispersed. returning to the source of her relie

27、f, her subsequent conduct changed so remarkably that she told the king the matter .a test is unavoidable but the concubine regained the kings favor. this, of course, is a beautiful legend. there are many other kinds of arguments about western origins of wine like the beautiful legend we just mention

28、ed. the ancient egyptian think wine is invented by the guardian angel of the dead-francis. the greek people thought that wine was brought to people by the wine god dionysus. many arguments also classified the wine to the god-making products. among these arguments, the wine god dionysus made the wine

29、 the most popular one. the wine god dionysus is a greek god, it is said that dionysus is the kid of the father of the gods -zeus and the thebe princess mily. after mily was killed by zeuss another wife, dionysus was raised by a goddess. then he began to stray around europe with his servant, wherever

30、 they go, there float up the smell of wine, and then wine becomes popular in the european continent. just like du kang, dionysus is the pronoun of the western wine.part iii. material and category for wine-making the variety and quality of agricultural products in an area are determined by its soil,

31、water, climate and other natural condition. chinas vast land breeds its abundant resources dominated by agriculture since ancient times. all political, economic activities are based on the agricultural development in china. wine in china is mostly in grain brewing. “wine is great essential of food,

32、as drunk as possible young is a proverb in chinese mess, but is also really brilliant .china and the west have obviously different wine cultures. as far as the used material and category for wine-making are concerned, the most characteristic and notable wine in china is made from corn and rice, whil

33、e in the west it is the wine made from grape.3.1 the materials and categories of chinese winechina is one of the three ancient countries in the world that has thousands of years of history to brew wine. wine is chinas national unique treasure, it can push for china one of the worlds five great inven

34、tions. in chinas history of more than 5,000 years of ups and downs, more than 4,000 years are of fully and delightfully wine culture. wine closely adhered to agriculture and become part of the agricultural economy.saying the four originators of wine making, all are wine made from food. that is to sa

35、y, wine is linked to both agriculture and nature. in fact chinese wine culture has been involved in all aspects of social life, permeate every state of society.today, china is also famous for its masterly technology and distinctive style of wine and is more renowned for the long history and profound

36、 culture. the world people gradually realized the great value of wine culture of china as the rapid development of chinese wine since the foundation of the peoples republic of china. in china, the word for alcohol jiu is used to mean all types of alcoholic beverages, from pijiu(beer) to liquors (jus

37、t called jiu) and to grape wine (putaojiu). the origins of the alcoholic beverages from fermented grain in china cannot be traced definitely. the distilled drink was not popular until the 19th century. traditionally, chinese distilled liquors are consumed together with food rather than drunk on thei

38、r own.3.1.1 the yellow liquorthe wine can be generally classified into two types, namely, yellow liquors (huangjiu) or clear (white) liquor (baijiu). the yellow liquor is fermented wine that is brewed directly from grains such as rice or wheat. such liquor contains less than 20% alcohol due to the i

39、nhibition of fermentation by ethanol at this concentration. this wine is traditionally pasteurized，aged, and filtered before their final bottling for sale to consumers. yellow liquor can also be distilled to produce white liquor or baijiu. 3.1.2the white liquorwhite liquor (baijiu) are also commonly

40、 called shaojiu, which means hot liquor or burned liquor, either because of the burning sensation in the mouth during consumption and the fact that they are usually warmed before being consumed, or because of the heating requirements for distillation liquors of this type typically contain more than

41、30% alcohol in volume since they have undergone distillation. there are a great many varieties of distilled liquors, both unflavored and flavored. there are a large number of types of famous chinese liquors and wines familiar to us. for example:(1) fen jiu- this wine was dated back to northern and s

42、outhern dynasties (5500 a.d.). it is the original chinese white wine made from sorghum. alcohol content by volume: 63-65%.(2) mao tai jiu- this wine has a production history of over 200 years. it is named after its origin at mao tai town in guizhou province. it is made from wheat and sorghum with a

43、unique distilling process that involves seven iterations of the brewing cycle. this wine is famous to the western world when the chinese government served this in state banquets unentertaining the us presidents. alcohol content by volume: 54-55%.(3) gao liang jiu- gao liang is the chinese name for s

44、orghum. besides sorghum, the brewing processes also use barley, wheat and so on. the wine was originated from da zhi gu since the ming dynasty. nowadays, taiwan is a large producer of sorghum. alcohol content by volume: 61-63%. 3.2 the materials and categories of western winethe western civilization

45、 was originated in the mediterranean area, located on the mediterranean coast of italy and its surrounding areas of france and germany, which made the two countries become the world big wine industry countries and germany the “the country of beer” in central europe. western wine culture has thus bec

46、ome a grape wine and beer culture.moreover, the western culture is based on the bible. one of these is the story of noahs ark. noah, with animals and vegetable selected from all of the world, and with his three sons, boarded the ark of noah. the ark came to mount ararat, noah started to cultivate th

47、e land, the first plant he planted is the grape plant, and later, he began to brew wine.the western wine-making technology and religion are closely linked. the western wine spirit takes the winemaking god dionysius as a symbol. as europeans profess christianity, they called bread and wine gods flesh

48、 and blood, the wine is seen vital in their daily life. therefore, westerners believe that the future is full of hope; they believe that their work will bring them a wonderful life; they believe that god has eternal life. these are one of the main western values.there are a large number of types of

49、famous western liquors and wines familiar to us, they are as follows:3.2.1 whisky whiskey is made from the smashed fermentation and distillation of grains and then placed into a barrel. although any cereal can be used to brew whiskey, the most important materials are corn, hushed wheat, and barley.3

50、.2.2 brandy brandy is a mixture of fermentation and distillation of fruit juice and residue. distilled alcohol content is less than 95% in order to retain its flavor and aromatic character.3.2.3 lyme wine (rum) islands of west indies is the home of rum wine where is abound in sugarcane. rum is the f

51、irst three words of rum bullion which means excitement. rum is distilled wine made from sugarcane as the raw material. it is different for the difference of producing area and the way to make it. it can be divided into three types according to the tint. it is one of the basic wines in confecting coc

52、ktail.part iv. the core of wine culturelooking into the core of wine culture, chinese people consider wine as a tool and hide their real intention behind wine while people in the west think of the wine as an art work and they have the direct intention of wine-drinking. from the etiquette point of vi

53、ew, there are many differences of wine culture between china and the west. the scene in which a group of chinese drinking together will be more abustle and astir than the scene in which a group of westerners drinking together. because the chinese are good at urging others to drink， that is to say, t

54、hey will force you to drink until you are drunk. this habit not only reflects the hospitality of chinese people, but also has much to do with the chinese collective thought.as a special toasting way ,urging others to drink, is a custom slowly formed by the chinese people in the thousands years of history, the custom is a kind of chinese traditional culture that is completely abseen in western countries and is often not understood by the westerners. people in