语法系列复习专题七-----动词时态,被动语态

1、语法系列复习专题七动词时态，被动语态9一、一般现在时1 .一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、 状态、能力等。2 .主句是一般将来时，时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：i ll go there after i finish my work./ if it rains tomorrowwont go there.3.在以here,there 开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：theregoes the bell. 铃响了。 there comes the bus.汽车来了。 here she comes.

2、 她来了。二、现在进行时1 .表示正在进行的动作。2 .表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如： she is leaving for beijing.她要去北京。he is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老jm。my father is coming to see me thissaturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3 .代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如： the changjiang river is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。the sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。4

3、 . 大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有： exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。三、现在完成时1 .表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：i have finishedthe report./ she has cleaned the room.2 .表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，

4、往往和“for，since”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如： he has learned english for six years./ they have worked here since they left college.3 .现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如： she has cleaned the room.it s very clean now.（此句has cleaned 就不能改为 cleaned. 一是因为cleaned与现状无关

5、，二是因为一般过去 时不可突然跳到it s这样的一般现在时。）2 ）汉语中的“了” 、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如： i have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：when did you see that film? i saw it yesterday.（你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。）不能说： when have you seen that film?i have seen it yesterday.4. 表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来） 用have/has been

6、 to ,表示到某地去了（还未回来）”用 “have/has gone to”.例如：where is li hua? he has gone to the reading-room.she knows a lot about shanghai. she has been there.5. 短暂动词（即瞬间动词）,join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：he has finished the

7、 work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用 1） ago 法：he finished the work three hours ago.2 ）延续法：he has been through（with）the work for three hours.3 ） “since 法“：it is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时1. 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在 （或今后还要继续一去） 的动作。 例如： he has been doing the maths probl

8、ems since 8:00./ it has been raining for two days.2. 凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。六、过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 （这一过去时间须用时间状语表示） 。 例如： he was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2. 表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如： they were still working when i left.3. 用

9、在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如： i was writing while he was watching tv.4. 表示过去将来动作。例如： he said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时1. 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如： he had shut the door before the dog came up./ everything had been all right up till this morning.2. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如： at the age

10、 of ten,he had learned 500 english words.he had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3. 常用 hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose 等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如： we had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：1 .will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2 .b

11、e going to do （ 主观上打算或客观上可能发生）3 .be doing （ 按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用 ）4 .be about to do （ 按计划即将发生）九、将来完成时用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和 by 短语， when,before 引起的时间状语连用。例如： we will have finished senior book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析1 can i join your club,dad? you can when youa bit older. (nmet)a.get b.will

12、 get c.are getting d.will have got析： “you can ”是将来意， when 引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为 a.2 oh,it s you!iyou.m wearing new glasses.t recognizedt recognize i ve just had my hair cut and ia.didn t recognize b.hadnc.haven t recognized d.don析：从“ oh,it s you! ”可知说话时已认出对方。 “没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选 a.1.1 don t t

13、hink jim saw me;heinto space. (nmet)a.just stared b.was just staring c.has just stared d.had just stared析：在空白处应选一个与saw相配，能解释jim didn t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于a b。若选a不能体观他“当时正在做“某事，故排除a而选r这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看 到我”。4. my glasses?yes,i saw them on your bed a minute ago. (nmet)a.do you see b.had you seen c.w

14、ould you see d.have you seen析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的 心情。故答案为d5. you don t need to describe her.i her several times. (nmet)a.had met b.have met c.met d.meet析：答案bo道理同4。6. do you know our town at all?no,this is the first time i here.a.was b.have been c.came d.am going析：根据 this/it i

15、s the first/second/ time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为 b。又如：this is the second time he has visited the great wall.7.1 don t really work here.i until the new secretary arrives. (nmet)a.just help out b.have just helped outc.am just helping out d.will just help out析：根据 i don t really work here. 以及until the

16、new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，c d两个选项都表将来动作，但d非计划安排，c则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为c。8.is this raincoat yours?no,mine there behind the door. (nmet)a.is hanging b.has hung c.hangs d.hung析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的b d项可排除。c项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选a是极为合情理的。被动语态一、被动语态的句型1 .常见句式是：主语(受

17、动者)+be +过去分词+ ( by +施动者)例如： he was scolded by the english teacher.2 .主语+ get +过去分词+其它成分例如： the boy got drowned last summer./ she got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”3 .带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接 宾语。例如：she lent me a bike. t 被动：1) i was lent a bike(by her).2) a bike wa

18、s lent to me(by her).4 .情态动词+ be +过去分词例如: this problem must be worked out in half an hour.5 .双重被动式：主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分例如； these magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./the murderer was ordered to be shot.、主动表示被动的几种情况1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用 以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,wate,fill,c

19、ook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如： this knife cuts well.这把刀好meat won t keep切。these books sell well.这些书好卖。the pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。the cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。2. 一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动 look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。例如：the apples taste good./the flow

20、er smells wonderful./the news proved/turned out true./cotton feels soft. 注：prove 也可用于被动式，如： his answer(was) proved right.3. 不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有等。例如：the problem ishard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible easy to do./the question is difficult to answer./the box is

21、heavy to carry./the project is impossible to complete in a year.比较： the problem is to be done./the question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：1.i teach myself french. 不可变为 myself is taught french.因为反身代词不可作主语。2.we help each other/one another.不可变为 each other/one another is

22、 helped by us. 因为相互代词不可作主语。3.he lost heart. 不 可变为 heart was lost by him.因为象 lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。4.she took part in the sports meet.不能变为 the sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象 take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态

23、。被动语态考点分析1.1 need one more stamp before my collection. (nmet)a.has completed b.completes c.has been completed d.is completed析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的c、d中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为d2 .do you like the material?yes,it very soft. (nmet)a.is feeling b.felt c.feels d.is felt析：观察题干

24、，空白线后无宾语，可知 feel是不及物动词，表“(某物)摸起来”意思，是连系动词， 不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不 能用过去时，故答案为co feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。3 . great changes in the city,and a lot of factories. (nmet)a.have been taken place have been set upb.have taken place have been set upc.have taken placehav

25、e set upd.were taken placewere set up析：take place (发生)是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除a、d,又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除c,答案为bo4.most of the artists to the party were from south africa. (nmet)a.invited b.to invite c.being invited d.had been invited析：首先可排除b。因为它不表示被邀请”。又因d项少引导词 who,也应排除。人项=who were invited,c 项

26、=who were being invited, 由象invite 这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排 除。因而可定答案为 a。5.i donpt know the restaurant,but its to be quite a good one.(nmet)a.said b.told c.spoken d.talked析：根据“某人/某物据说”英文句式为sb/sth.is said”可定答案为a。又如：he is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6.the police found that the house and a lot

27、of things.(nmet)a.has broken into has been stolen b.has broken into had been stolenc.has been broken into stolen d.had been broken intostolen析：“房屋被人闯入，东西被偷都是被动语态，故可排除a、bo因c项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是do7.i promise that the matter will. (nmet)a.be taden care b.be taken care of c.take car

28、e d.take care of析：take care of是固定短语，若无 of则不可带宾语，只能跟 that从句。所以此题答案为b。8.if city noises from increasing,people shout to be heard even at the dinner table20 years from now. (nmet)a.are not kept will have to b.are not kept have toc.do not keep -will have to d.do not keep have to析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在a、b中

29、选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为a9 .the olympic games,in 776 bc,did not include women players until 1912.(nmet)a.first playing b.to be first played c.first played d.to be first playing析；要表达“被举行”，只能在b、c中选。b意“将要首次举行。显然不合in 776 bc这一过去时间， 只有 c, first played( = which was first played) 才合用。故答案为 c10 .this sente

30、nce needs.a.a improvement b.improve c.improving d.improved析：初看此题似手 a、c皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用 an,故排除。need作实义动词， 和require,want 一样，后面可跟 doing 或to be done 表需要被”意。如：the door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11 .i should very much like to have gone to the party,but i invited.a.am

31、 not b.haven t been c.was not d.will not be析：should/would like to have done sth. 意本想做某事”，例如：i should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于这种句式表示过去想，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之 相配合，故此题答案是co12 .the note to mr smith?no,it is still in my pocket.a.is being given b.was given c.has been given d.hasn

32、t been given析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎d作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“ sorry.it is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为 co13 .we heard it that he had gone to new york.a.say b.said c.to say d.be said析：it was said that可以改为 we heard it said that （都表示据说”之意 ）。前一种说法中it是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为r动

33、词时态、语态专练1 .the maths problem can be.a.easy worked outb.easy to be worked outc.easily worked out d.easily to work out2 .every possible means,but none proves successful.a.has been tried b.tried c.is being tried d.has tried3 .the girl is to a rich man.a.marry with b.be married c.marry to d.be married t

34、o4 .he received a telegram that mother sick .a.wrote b.says c.reads d.read5 .who can you imagine to his wedding party?a.inviting b.being invited c.was invited d.to be invited1.1 ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.(nmet)a.gave b.was given c.was giving d.had given7 .will somebody

35、go and get dr.white?he s already been.(nmet)a.asked for b.sent for c.called for d.looked for8 .a conductor to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.a.needs b.is needing c.was needed d.has been needed9 .when and where to build the new factory yet.a.is not decided b.are not decided c.has not decide

36、d d.have not decided 10.ways to stop pollution by now.a.must find b.will be found c.are found d.have been found10 .i don t want anything about it.a.to say b.said c.saying d.having said12 .that the sports meet might be put off.yes,it all depends on the weather.a.i ve been told b.i ve told c.i m told

37、d.i told13 .a library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.(nmet)a.is offered b.has offered c.are offered d.have offered14 .betty has never been heard ill of others.a.speak b.spoken c.to speak d.was said15 .tom to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.a.said b.says c.is said d.

38、was said16 .what do you think of the book?oh,excellent.it s worth a second time.(nmet)a.to read b.to be read c.reading d.being read17 .little jim should love to the theatre this evening.(nmet)a.to be taken b.to take c.being taken d.taking.18 .more attention,the trees could have grown better.(nmet)a.

39、given b.to give c.giving d.having given19 . wherethe book?i can t see it anywhere. iit right here but now it s gone.a.did you put;have putb.have you put;putc.had you put;was putting d.were you putting;have put20 .he would not fail so long as hehard the next term.d.studiesd.will;be lastedd.will;be do

40、inga.studied b.would study c.had studied 21.how longthe english party?a.has;been lasted b.did;last c.was;lasted22 .whatyouthis time next friday?a.will;do b.have;been doing c.are;doing23 .hardlythe bellwhen the teacher came in.a.did;ring b.would;ring c.has;rung d.had;rung1.1 itand the streets were st

41、ill wet.a.had been raining b.rained c.had been rained d.would rain25 .the bookon the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.a.is lying b.has lain c.lay d.has been lying26 .wethere when itto rain.a.were getting;would begin b.were about to get;beganc.had got;had begund.would get;began27 .t

42、he teacher said weten lessons by the end of this term.a.should have studied b.were going to studyc.have studiedd.should study28 .she told me she had met you in london last year. youher since?a.had;met b.did;see c.would;meet d.have;seen29 . whenagain? when he,i ll let you know.a.will he come;will com

43、e b.will he come;comec.he comes;comesd.will he come;comes30 .tomfor more than a week.a.has left b.had gone away c.went away d.has been away 31. what happened to her teeth? shethe apple more than she could chew.a.has bitten b.bit c.had been bitting d.bites31 .shakespeare was said37 famous plays in hi

44、s lifetime.a.finishing writing b.to finish writingc.having writtend.to have written33 . you ve agreed to go.so why aren t you getting ready? but ithat youme to start at once.a.don t realize;want b.don retalize;wantedc.haven t realized;want d.didn t realize;wanted34 . i missed the lecture last night.

45、 oh,what a pity!i wish.a.you heared itb.you had heard itc.you never heard it d.you hadn t heard it1.1 i elltur rn the book to the library as soon as iit.a.finished b.am going to finish c.will finish d.have finished36 . your phone number again?iquite catch it. it s 9586442.(nmet)a.didn t b.couldn t c

46、.don t d.can t37 . i m sorry to keep you waiting. oh,not at all.ihere only a few minutes.a.have been b.had been c.was d.will be38 .when i was at college.ithree foreign languages,but iall except a few words of each.a.spoke;had forgottenb.spoke;have forgottenc.had spoedn;had forgotten d.had spoken;have forgotten39 .the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she.a.will arrive b.arrives c.is going to arrive d.