语法复习：动词时态和语态

1、语法复习：动词时态 动词的分类和形式： 动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。 1、 动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种 2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。 动词的时态： 一）、一般现在时的用法： 1 ）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。He gets up early everyday. 2 ）表示主语的特征、性格和能力He is a kin d-hearted man and willi ng to help others.

2、3 ）表示客观事实或真理。When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. 4）表示按照时刻表，计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, leave, start, stop, be 等表 示移动意义的词。）The pla ne takes off/ leaves at 7.am. 二）、一般过去时的用法： 1） 表示过去的动作或状态。（一般含有具体的过去时间）He was born in 1990. 2）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。 He worked in Beiji ng for a

3、 mon th and now he is worki ng in Nantong. 三）、一般将来时的用法：表示将来的动作或状态。 I will in form him of the n ews whe n I meet him. 四）、现在进行时的用法：1 ）表示说 话时正在进行的动作。Your car is being repaired now. 2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行）She is worki ng in a factory. （=works ） 五）、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。 Last ni ght whe n y

4、ou called me, I was watchi ng TV. The child was being exam ined by the doctor whe n they came in. 2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go 等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动 作。 He said he was going to Shan ghai soon. 六）、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完 成的动作，常与just 连用。I have just heard of it. 2） 表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与si ne

5、e, for连。 I have n see n him since he went abroad. He has lived here for 5 years./ since 5 years ago. 3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Have you met each other before? The work has n bee n fini shed yet. 现在完成进行时have been doi ng表示动作从过去开始一直进行到现在并很可能持续下去。 Mary has been reading the novel and she hasntfinished it yet

6、. I have n bee n sleep ing well since I retur ned home. 常禾口 the whole morning/ after noon/ day, all day long 等时间搭配。 -Why are you so tired? - I have bee n painting the wall the whole morning. 七）、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在 有联系，它表示过去的动作对 现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么 联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；

7、一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动 作。 Have you fini shed your work? Did you fin ish your work? 八）、过去完成 had done的用法：表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作，”过去的过 去”。常用 by, before 或上下文暗示。 The train had left when/ before I arrived there. 九）、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 8. They cant leave un til they _ their work. A. didB. are doi

8、ngC. have doneD. has done 9. Has he see n this film? Yes. He it several days ago. A. sawB. has see nC. had see nD. was see ing 10. Now Mike isnt here. He Mr Gree ns. Perhaps he back in a few minu tes. A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will come C. has bee n to; will beD. is going to; has come 11

9、. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. A. have written it C. wrote it D. have gone to D. didnt tell D. had been built D. is going to D. return D. have been working D. have gone D. come A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died 22. six years since I began studying English. A. They have bee

10、n B. it is C. It was 23. They the Summer Palace three times. A. have gone toB. have been to C. have been in 24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, it D. There are D. have gone into nearly two years since we last. A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met 25. A. it was not be

11、ing held 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Have you seen the art exhibition? No, _ there. B. they didnt hold C. it had not held D. they were holding it Dont get off the bus until it . A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped Where the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _it right here. B

12、ut now its gone. A. did you put/have put B. have you put/put C. had you put/was puttingD. were you putting/have put They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying Dont come tonight. I would rather you A. comeB. came you ? A. Do/marryB. Hav

13、e/married When he all the newspapers, hell go home. A. sells B. has soldC. will have sold D. will be sold This cloth _ well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted Hurry up, you on the phone. Oh, Im coming. Thank you. A. are wanted B. are being wanted C.

14、want I see you, but I didnt, for I had no time. A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted I in Guang Zhou for six years by this October. C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying _ tomorrow. C. will come D. coming C. Have/been married D. Are/married a good drink. D. is washing/lasting D. are wanting D. was

15、wanted That day he . his clothes before he came to see me. A. has washed B. washedC. had been washing D. was washed I havent finished my composition. I for two hours and a half. B. have been writing it D. am writting it I will take my daughter with me when I ShangHai, A. go toB. will go toC. have be

16、en to This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy. A. didnt sayB. couldnt speak toC. said The bridge which last year looks really beautiful. A. was builtB. builtC. was set up When school begin? Next Monday. A. hasB. doesC. did I will here till you give me some money. A. leaveB. not leaveC. co

17、me I _ here since I moved here. A. will workB. workedC. work Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice. A. wentB. will goC. go It was said that his father . We wont go unless you soon. A. had come B. cameC. will come A. have lived B. was livi ngC. will be livi ng D. shall have lived 36. By

18、 this time next year hefrom the college. A. will be graduati ng B. should be graduati ng . C.will have graduated D. is graduat ing 37. Our teacher told us that the earth from west to east. A. turns B. turn C. has tur ned D. had tur ned 38. My brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell/wa

19、s ridi ng B. fell/were ridi ngC. had falle n/rode D. had falle n/was ridi ng 39. Bill said he twenty-one the next year. A. was going to be B. was about to be C. could beD. was to be 40. It is high time you in bed now. A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be 41. After a while an agreeme nt . A. was arrive

20、d at B. was arrived in C. was arrivedD. has bee n 42. The air liner from Beiji ng at 3:00 p.m.arrived A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives 43. ,that step is not safe!A . Look around B. Look up is going C 賀娠 out D. Look dow n 44. Have you him to give up smoki ng?No. I, but he would nt list

21、e n. A. persuaded/tried B. tried/persuaded C. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded 45. The research laboratory is going to the new type of computer to use. A. takeB. makeC. putD. send 46. I dont know whe n he , but whe n he , Ill let you know. A. will come/comes B. comes/will come C. comes/comes D. wil

22、l come/will come 47. How much do you think that vase ? Ais cost B. usedC. was paid for D. cost 48. Ithat he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beg inning to look diffcult. A. hopeB. had hoped C. hopedD. am hop ing 49. “ Come on, Peter, I want to show you someth ing.” “ Oh, how n ice of you, Iy

23、outo bring me a gift.” A. n ever thin k/are goingB. n ever thought/ were going C. didn t think/ are goingD. hadn t thought/ were going 50. It s a nice fla t,itua proper bathroom. A. haven t got B. hasn t got C.wouldn t get D. doesn t have got 51. She had a shock whe n she heard the n ews,? A. hadn t

24、 she B. didn t she C.wouldn t she D. won t she 52. This liquidthe salt at room temperature. A. became mixed with B. was mixed by C. mixes with D. has bee n mixi ng by 时态的呼应： 1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，女口: She knows you have bee n in Beiji ng for five rears. 2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用

25、过去的相应时态 She said she was busy the n. Tom said he was born in 1975. I did n tk now that she had been to Lo ndon twice. They didn t know when thwould have a rest. Whe n I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. 53. An exhibiti on of pain ti ngs _ at the museum next week. A. are

26、to be heldB. is to be heldC. are holdi ngD. will hold 54. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. Itin the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has bee n repaired D. has nt repaired 55. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has triedB. has bee n triedC. is being tried

27、D. tried 56. that they can pass the writte n exam this time. A. That is hopedB. It is hopedC. That hopes D. It hopes 57. My little sister has broke n my watch. My watch by my little sister. A. is broke nB. has broke n C. have bee n broke n D. has bee n broke n 58. He was clea ning his room whe n I e

28、n tered the house. His room _ by him whe n I en tered the room. D. has bee n clea ned A. was being clea nedB. was clea nedC. was being clea ning 59. I will have finished reading the novel by dinner time. This novel readi ng (by me) by dinner time. A. will have finished B. will has been finished C.wi

29、ll have being finished D. will have been finished 60. You ought to keep these three rooms clea n. These three rooms (by you). A. are oughted to keep clea n B. ought to kept clea nC. ought to be kept clea n D. should kept clea n 61. You are about to write a poem, arent you?A poem (by you), ? A. is ab

30、out to be written, arent youB. is about to be writing, isn t it C. is about to be writing, arent youD. is about to be written, isn t it 62. She had better leave a note to him. A note to him (by her). A. had better leftB. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left 63. He does nt

31、 do his homework every day. His homework by him every day. A. does nt be doneB. arent done C. dont be done D. is n t done 64. We must take care of our pare nts whe n they are old. Our pare nts whe n they are old. A. must be take n care B. must be took cars C. must take care of D. must be take n care

32、 of 65. People look dow n upon him because he is a liar. He because he is a liar. A. is looked dow n B. is looked dow n upon C. looks dow n upon D. looks dow n 66. Father will give me a dicti onary on my birthday.A dict ionary me by Father on my birthday. A. shall be give n to B. will giveC. shall g

33、ive to D. will be givi ng to 67. We elected her leader. She by us. A. is elected leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected 68. People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes. Why are all of the ? A. grey pain ted mailboxesB. mailboxes grey pain ted C

34、. mailboxes pain ted greyD. pain ted grey mailboxes 69. I saw him en ter the room.-Hethe room. A. is seen enterB. is seen to enter C. was seen to enterD. was see n en ter 70. The questi on asked by him is hard . A. to an swerB. to be an sweredC. to be an sweri ng D. for an swer 71. How sweet the mus

35、ic ! A. sounds to be B. is soun ded C. is soun ded to be D. sounds 72. In warm weather fruit and meat long. A. dont keep B. cannot be keptC. are not kept D. are not keep ing 73. He received a telegram _ Mother Sick. A. writte n B. saidC. read ingD. writ ing 74. The classroom 30 feet long. A. measure

36、s B. is measured C. hasD. has len gth 75. Do you remember ? A. how it is done B. it how to be done C. How is it done by D. how to do 76. to have been rich.A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said 77. Mathematics is difficult .A. to lear n B. for lear ning C. to be lear nedD. of lear

37、ning 78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barbers shop and . A. have to cut itB. have it cutC. get it to be cutD. to cut it 79. The pencil well.A. writesB. is writte n C. was writte nD. writ ing 80. I cant see the blackboard very well. Perhaps you n eed . A. to exam ine your eyes C. to have ex

38、am ined your eyes 81. Where is the coffee table?A. moveB. movi ng 82. Good medici ne to the mouth. A. tastes bitterB. tastes bitterly 83. Which girl won the prize? A. By which girl is the prize won? C. By which girl did she win the prize? 84. - Where did you get that han dsome picture? A. give n for

39、 usB. a gift to us 85. A young hen is a chicke n. A. n amed B. known 86. How does Alma like her new work? A. cant satisfyB. is nt satisfied 87. Why do you call your son Mouse? A. to call B. to be called 88. His idea, though good, n eeds out. A. being triedB. to try 89. The man livi ng in the n ext door is known _ B. to have your eyes exam ined D. to be exam ined your eyes Tom just had it away. C. moved D. moves C. is tasted bitterD. is tasted bitterly I