Yjcmzn吉林大学农学部大学英语四级辅导班-阅读理解部分

1、Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep.- Shakespeare吉林大学农学部大学英语四级辅导班阅读理解部分 主讲人：陈 昕考试时间安排 8：10 监考教师领取试卷及备品； 8：30 组织考生入场； 9：00 监考教师启封试卷、发放答题卡； 9：10 写作部分考试开始； 9：35 监考教师发放试题册；

2、9：40 写作部分结束；开始做快速阅读理解部分； 9：55 监考教师收答题卡1； 10：00 听力部分开始放音；试卷1所有体型； 11：10 核定答题卡2填涂信息； 11：20 考试结束；收试题册和答题卡2；1. 快速阅读理解部分I快速阅读理解样题2007年6月英语四级真题Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if

3、 the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO if statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Protect Yo

4、ur Privacy When Job-hunting OnlineIdentity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another persons personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.The numbers associated with identity

5、theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.Identit

6、y theft is “an absolute epidemic,” states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. “Its certainly picked up in the last four or five years. Its worldwide. It affects everybody, and theres very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you cant detect it until its prob

7、ably too late.”Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used

8、, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, runni

9、ng up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims names. In many cases, a victims losses may included not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous informatio

10、n for which the criminal is responsible.According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Her

11、e are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet.1. Check for a privacy policy.If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site your are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerB. The policy should spell out how your inform

12、ation will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员).When reviewing the sites privacy policy, y

13、oull be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You wont necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.2.

14、Take advantage of site features.Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective and the level of risk you are willing to assume.CareerB, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers c

15、an choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible.The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of th

16、eir contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display.The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers.

17、 Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on CareerB without retyping their information.3. Safeguard your identity.Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their id

18、entities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier, such as “Intranet Developer Candidate,” or “Experienced Marketing Representative.”You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult

19、 to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as “Major auto manufacturer,” or “International packaged goods supplier.”If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your e

20、mployer.4. Establish and email address for your search.Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you dont know gets hold of your email ad

21、dress and shares it with others.Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesnt contain references to your name or other information that

22、will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as .5. Protect your reference.If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. Theres no sense in safe

23、guarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.6. Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential.Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, drivers license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color.

24、Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Dont provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book dont fall for it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficul

25、t to detect and one can hardly do anything to prevent it.2. In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims immediate financial losses but costs them a lot to restore their reputation.3. Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhat overestimated.4. It is important that

26、your resume not stay online longer than is necessary.5. Of the three options offered by CareerB in Suggestion 2, the third one is apparently most strongly recommended.6. Employers require applicants to submit very personal information on background checks.7. Applicants are advised to use g

27、eneric names for themselves and their current employers when seeking employment online.8. Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent your from receiving _.9. To protect your references, you should not post online their _.10. According to the passage, identity theft is committed

28、 typically for _.(答案：1. Y 2.Y 3.N. 4.Y. 5.NG 6. N 7. Y 8. unwelcome emails 9. names and contact information 10. economic gain)II快速阅读理解核心技巧1. 快速泛读（fast extensive reading）平时要养成快速泛读的习惯。这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的书籍，要求读得快，理解和掌握书中的主要内容就可以了。要确定一个明确的读书定额，定额要结合自己的实际，切实可行，可多可少。例如每天读20页，一个学期以18周计算，就可以读21本中等厚度的书 (每本

29、书约120页)。2. 计时阅读 (timed reading)课余要养成计时阅读的习惯。计时阅读每次进行510分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳、精力分散，反而乏味。阅读时先记下“起读时间”(starting time)，阅读完毕，记下“止读时间”(finishing time)，即可计算出本次阅读速度。随手记下，长期坚持，必定收到明显效果。3. 略读 (skimming) 略读又称跳读 (reading and skipping) 或浏览 (glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bi

30、rds eye view )地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。据统计，训练有素的略读者(skimmer)的阅读速度可以达到每分钟3000到4000个词。阅读时，先把文章粗略地浏览一下，看看文章中是否有自己工作和学习需要的或自己感兴趣的资料和信息，然后确定这篇文章是否值得细读。在查找资料时，如果没有充分时间，而又不需要高度理解时，就可以运用略读技巧。“不需要高度理解”并非指略读时理解水平可以很低，而是说略低于一般阅读速度所取得的理解水平是允许的。一般阅读的目标是在保持一般阅读速度的条件

31、下，获得尽可能高的理解水平，通常达到70%或80%。略读时，理解水平略低一些是预料之中的事，平均理解率达50%或60%就可以了。A、略读有下列四个特点：(1) 以极快的速度阅读大量材料，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。(2) 可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。(3) 理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。(4) 根据文章的难易程度和达到的目的，不断灵活地调整阅读速度。B、略读可以运用下列技巧：(1) 要利用印刷细节(typographical details)，如书或文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对书和文章进行预测略读(preview skimming

32、)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系。 (2) 以一般阅读速度(200250wpm)，阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况、作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等。 (3) 阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。 (4) 注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however, moreover, in addition等；序列词firstly, secondly等。 (5) 若无需要，不必阅读细节。4.寻读 (Scanning) 寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。熟练的读者善于运用寻读

33、获得具体信息，以提高阅读效率。 寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分则略去不读的快速阅读方法。运用这种方法，读者就能在最短的时间内掠过尽可能多的印刷材料，找到所需要的信息。例如，在车站寻找某次列车或汽车的运行时刻，在机场寻找某次班机的飞行时刻，在图书馆查找书刊的目录，在文 献中查找某一日期、名字、数字或号码等，都可以运用这种方法。 作为一种快速寻找信息的阅读技巧，寻读既要求速度，又要求寻读的准确性。具体地说，寻读带有明确的目的性，有针对性地选择问题的答案。因此，可以把整段整段的文字直接映入大脑，不必字字句句过目。视线

34、在印刷材料上掠过时，一旦发现有关的内容，就要稍作停留，将它记住或摘下，既保证寻读的速度，又做到准确无误，所以寻读技巧也很有实用价值。寻读与略读不同。略读时，读者事先对材料一无所知，而寻读则是读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。例如，寻读电话号码簿，读者知道受话人的姓名，还知道电话号码簿是按姓的字母顺序排列的。这样，在寻找Jackson的电话时，就可以利用书页上方的标识词，再按姓的字母顺序很快翻到以J开头的书页，从而找到Jackson名下的电话页码。 为了有效地进行寻读，读者应运用下列技巧。 (1) 利用材料的编排形式。资料多半是按字母顺序排列的。如词典、索引、邮政编码簿、电话号码簿以及其它参考资

35、料簿等。当然并非所有资料都是按字母顺序排列的。例如，电视节目是按日期和时间排列的。历史资料是按年代排列的，报纸上的体育版面是按比赛类别(足球、排球、网球)排列等等。不管资料来源怎样，它都是按照某种逻辑方法排列的。例如，要知道某事是何时发生的，要查日期；某事是谁做的，要查人名等。 (2) 利用章节标题和说明。寻读之后，首先看看文章标题或章节标题，确定文章是否包含自己所需要的材料，或者哪一部分包含哪些材料，这样可以直接翻到那个部分，进行寻找。(3) 抓提示词。读者找到包含所需信息的章节，准备寻读。这时，要留心与那个具体信息有关的提示词。例如，在报纸体育运动版上寻找某田径运动员的某项运动成绩，他的国

36、名是提示词。在百科全书上寻找纽约市的人名，翻到New York City那一章后，population, census, inhabitants 等词就是提示词，找到提示词，就可以采用一般阅读速度，获得所需要的信息。III快速阅读理解解题思路1. 通读文章开头、结尾及各个小标题或每段的第1、2句和最后一句，从而弄清文章的结构和大意。2. 正确理解题目所表达的内容，找出其关键词语，确定题眼。特别注意人物、时间、地点、数字等信息。3. 将题眼内容与文章各部分小标题的内容对比，大概定位该题在哪个部分提及。4. 阅读相关部分内容，准确定位有关信息。对于是非判断题，对照原文与题目，特别注意原文与题目中句

37、式的变化，确定题目的陈述准确与否；对于句子填空题，分析空白处需填入的词性，再对照原文，找到相关答案。A. 细节题定位技巧1. 寻找与数字有关的细节借助题目中的数字定位信息源。数字在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现，显得比较突出，因此如果考题中含有数字，数字往往可以成为题眼，并可根据数字定位相关信息。2. 寻找与人名或地名等专有名词有关的细节借助题目中的人名或地名等专有名词定位信息源。专有名词以大写字母开头，因此在文章中显得比较突出，容易寻找。若题目含有人名、地名、产品名称等专有名词，则可为题眼。3. 寻找事物的性质特点或对比关系借助形容词、副词或其比较级、最高级定位信息源。如果题目要求确定某个

38、事物的范围、程度或对比关系，形容词、副词及其比较级、最高级就可成为该题的题眼。根据题眼先在原文定位信息源，再对比原文与题目对比较对象的陈述，最终确定对比关系是否正确。4. 题目中含有与其他题不同的新信息借助与文章有关的新信息定位信息源。每个题目都含有与上一个题目不一样的信息源，表示新信心的名词或动词可以成为题眼，帮助定位信息源。5. 题目中含有特殊印刷体或标点符号借助特殊印刷体定位信息源。特殊印刷体除了包括大写字母外，还包括特殊符号，如括号、双引号等，这些在文章中特别显眼，容易定位。B. 是非判断题技巧1. “YES”题是原文的同意表达或原文的正确推断与概括一般来说，题目很少照搬原文语句，多数

39、是使用同义词或近义词改写，或同义词改写句子结构，如把主语结构改成被动结构，以达到同义替换的目的。另外，题目是对原文的某个段落或几句话表达的基本观点进行推断、归纳或总结而得出。这种题目的答案为“Y”。2. “NO”题与原文相反或将原文信息张冠李戴题目的用词或结构与原文的意义相反，如反义词，not加同义词、反义词结构等。另外，题目往往将原文中相邻信息或并列信息的条件、主语、谓语或宾语等互换，造成信息张冠李戴。这种题目的答案为“NO”。3. “NO”题省区原文中表达不正确的一些词或改变了原文的条件、范围、频率、可能性等。原文为人们对某件事的理论或感觉，题目则将原文中不确定的或未经证实的内容作为正确的

40、或客观的来表述，常出现fact，prove等词。另外，题目改动了原文的从句，包括增加、减少或修改，使题目表达的条件、目的、时间、方式等与原文不同，如原文中某些命题或观点是在一定条件下才成立的，而题目往往舍弃了这些条件，直接提出命题或表明观点；或者原文提到两个或多个情况都可以，常有bothand，and，or及also等词，题目是“必须”或“只有”其中一个情况。题目也可能改动了原文的副词、形容词，如many，sometime，unlikely等，常用all，usually，always，impossible等词代替，使题目表示的频率、程度、范围或可能性等与原文不相同。这种题目的答案为“NO”。4

41、. “NOT GIVEN”题无中生有或将原文具体化题目部分或全部信息点在原文未提及，或题目信息点之间的关系在原文未提及，注意判断是非题一定以文章为唯一判断根据。如果根据常识判断题目的陈述是“Y”或“N”，但文章没有提及，答案为“NG”。另外，题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围，也就是更具体；或者题目将原文所举例子的特殊现象推广为普遍现象。这种题目的答案为“NG”。5. “NOT GIVEN”题随意比较或指虚为实原文提及若干事物，但是没有做出比较，或题目中对这些事物进行了比较，但无从考证。另外，原文中作者或某个人物的目标、目的、愿望、誓言等内容，在题目中作为客观事实陈述。通常文章中相关的句子里会

42、出现aim，purpose，promise，swear等词，题目中则省略这些词。这种题目的答案为“NG”。C. 句子填空题技巧1. 句子填空题考察综合能力快速阅读部分的句子填空题不仅考察略读、查读能力，还考察在具体篇章中运用词汇和语法的能力。解答此类题目，可遵循以下步骤：1）仔细阅读所给出的不完整的句子，理解其含义。2）将给出部分在语法上进行分析和判断，确定未给出部分的语法功能和词性，是主语、谓语、宾语还是状语或定语，是名词、动名词、代词、形容词、动词（不定式还是分词）、副词、介词还是连词等。3）找出所给出部分的关键词语，以确定该题所需信息在原文中的准确位置。如果题目中有特殊的关键词，如人名、

43、地名、时间、数字等，更方便定位。4）在原文中的相关部分，选取题目缺失内容，即答案。绝大部分的答案来自原文原词，个别时候可 能要对原文中的单词或结构做出部分改动，或用自己的语言表述。另外需要注意语态、时态、名词的单复数问题等。D. 文章总体把握1判断文章的主旨大意；出题有顺序性要解决主旨大意判断题，就要明白四级快速阅读的文章的结构。这些文章通常开头以一些段落介绍文章的总体内容或写作目的，然后再分小标题分部分讨论细节。因此，如果要快速明白文章的主旨大意，只需阅读文章开头的段落及各个小标题。小标题尤为重要，从小标题可以知道考题里陈述的内容是否包含在文章中，也可以知道考题的陈述是否只概括了部分内容还是

44、概括过渡。所以这种是非判断题的答案只有“Y”和“N”两种。通常来说，快速阅读的题目在原文中的出现是有一定顺序的，准确定位前一题后，便可以顺着原文找到下一题的出处。但是非判断题7与句子填空题8之间不一定有顺序性。2题目中常出现生词；正确区分“N”和“NG”有些考题含有某些超出考纲词汇的生词，但是不要害怕这些生词，因为生词常常都能吸引读者的目光，可以成为帮助定位信息源的工具，生词通常在原文中就有，命题者只是照搬该生词到题目里面，因此这些生词就是题目的题眼，只要在原文中找到这些生词，相关的信息就能找到。题目描述的内容与原文的相关内容明显矛盾、相反或不符，则答案为“N”；而题目与原文之间是一种或然关系

45、，即题目提到的内容可能发生，也可能不发生，根据原文难以求证是哪种可能性，则答案为“NG”。2. 选词填空部分I. 选词填空样题2007年6月英语四级真题Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word

46、 bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more tha

47、n once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients _47_ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Times have changed. Today, we ta

48、ke pain _48_. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in _49_ a persons well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a persons life, causing problems that _50_ from missed work to depression.Thats why

49、a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _51_ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social _52_ related to chronic pain. S

50、uch comprehensive therapy often _53_ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modern _54_ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. De

51、cades ago, there were only a _55_ number of drugs available, and many of them caused _56_ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.注意：此部

52、分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)resultI)determiningB)involvesJ)limitedC)significantK)gravelyD)rangeL)complainedE)relievedM)respectF)issuesN)promptingG)seriouslyO)specializeH)magnificent(答案：47. L 48. G 49. I 50. D 51. O 52. F 53. B 54. M 55. J 56. C)II. 选词填空解题要求：选词填空(Banked Cloze)是四级考试改革之后出现的新题型，主要考察考生对连贯性，一致性，逻辑性等语篇整

53、体特征以及单词正在实际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的微观理解。考察形式为一篇220个单词左右的文章，从中去处10个单词，后面有15个选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章，使文章连贯，表达正确。新题型和原来的词汇题相比，更注重实际运用。III. 选词填空解题思路：1. 浏览阅读（skimming）全文，熟悉文章大致内容和上下文。2. 迅速将词库中的词按照词性分类，即名词、动词、形容词和副词。名词要注意单复数；动词要注意是动词原形还是第三人称单数、过去式或分词形式、或者是及物动词还是不及物动词等；形容词和副词则注意是否是比较级或最高级。3. 仔细

54、阅读全文，结合上下文，边读边做。4. 注意分析空白处的语法功能和词性。5. 注意利用空白处所在句子的信号词（and / or / but / however / therefore等）进行判断。6. 注意考虑空白处所需单词在句子中和上下文中的作用，是肯定意义的（positive）还是否定意义的（negative）。7. 注意利用排除法缩小选择范围。8. 完成选词填空后，快速通读一遍全文，看整篇文章是否通顺流畅。IV. 选词填空答题技巧：1确定空白处的词性及词形确定空白处为动词；1) n./pron. vt. n./pron2) n./pron. vi. 3) n./pron. vi. adv.

55、/prep4) n./pron. link v./be adj.5) to v. E.g. He _ from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping our. (动词、不及物、过去式)确定空白处为分词;过去分词：1) has/have/had/ _p.p._ (完成时)2) be _p.p._ （被动式）3) _p.p._ n. 或 n. _p.p._ （过去分词作形容词，表被动）现在分词：1) be _-ing_ (进行时)2) _-ing_ n. 或 n. _-ing_ (现在分词作形容词，表主动)E.g.

56、 I would never have _ a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate. (过去分词) 确定空白处为名词;1) a/an/the _n._, adj. _n._, vt. _n._, 2) prep. _n._E.g. Education soon became a _. (名词、表语、单数)确定空白处为形容词;1）_adj._ n. 或 n. _adj._2) adv. _adj._ (副词可以修饰形容词)3）be/link v. _adj._ (表语)E.g. Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educa

57、tor, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his _ Spanish. (形容词)确定空白处为副词;1）_adv._ adj. 2) _adv._ v. 或 v. _adv._3) _adv._ 从句E.g. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _ outperform their peers in monolingual programs.2. 利用词汇关系确定词义范围和色彩（1）牢记固定搭配英语中的固定搭配通常是动词、名词、形容词与副词、介词构成的词组，搭配中的副词和介词通常是含义简单的虚词，如to, in, for, about