专题三——形容词与副词

1、专题三形容词与副词一一副词一、副词的基本用法1、什么是副词(1) 定义：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，在句子中作状语或表语的一类!词。(2) 分类：时间副词(now, today, early, sometimes, already 等)；地点副词(outside,in side, upstairs, here, there, home 等)；方式副词(quickly, loudly, sudde nly, fast, luckily 等)； 程度畐U词 (very, quite, rather, too, much, so等)； 疑问畐y词 (when, where, why, h

2、ow, how long, how often 等)；关系畐U词 (when, where, why, how 等)2、怎么用副词(1) 用法：时间副词一一确定句子时态的重要标志，牢固掌握不同时态的时间状语。如：Lucy went to school yesterday .(一般过去时时间状语)She has already arrived there.(现在完成时时间状语)地点副词一一与动词连用时不加介词。如：I must gohome now.(不是 go to home ) That boy rushed upstairs .(不是 rushed toupstairs )方式副词大多数由

3、形容词+ly ”构成。(构词法)如：happyhappily bad badlyquick quickly easy easily程度副词一一有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级，有些能修饰形容词比较级。如：Jessica is a very beautiful woman.This bag ismuch better than thatone.疑问副词一一用来构成特殊疑问句。如：Whenis your mother s birthdayWhere is your home关系畐 U词用来弓丨导从句，如：He works in a bank where there is no mon ey.(2)

4、位置：地点副词、时间副词 和方式副词一般放句末。如：I will wait for youhere . Can you meet me tomorrow Please speak loudly .注 当强调时间状语时，可以把时间副词放在句首。如：Tomorrow I will meet you.程度副词修饰动词时，放在 be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实动词之前。如：She is_ too young. I really like that boy.修饰形容词、副词时，放在被修饰词前面。如：Harbi n is avery big city.（修饰形容词）He studiesmuchharde

5、r now. （修饰副词）注只有enough特殊，放在被修饰的 形容词或副词 之后。如：He runs fast eno ugh.（3）形近副词辨析 close & closelyclose 接近” closely 仔细地”He is sittingclose to me.他挨着我坐着。” I watch him closely .我 仔细地打量他。” late & latelylate 晚” lately最近”Don t go to school too late.上学别太晚了。”Is there anything new lately最近有什么新消息么” deep & deeplydeep

6、 深”表示空间深度；deeply 深深地”表示感情上的深度。The boy went deep into the forest.那个男孩走进了丛林深处。”I love you deeply .我深深的爱着你。” high & highlyhigh 高”表示空间上的高度；highly高”表示程度，相当于much。The plane was flying high.飞机飞得高。”I thi nk highlyof your op in io n.我仔细考虑你的观点。” wide & widelywide “宽”表示空间上的宽度； widely “广泛地” “在许多地方”表示抽象的含义。He ope

7、ned the door wide .他把门开大。”English iswidely used in the world.英语在全世界被广泛的应用。” free & freelyfree 免费” ；freely 无限制地”You can eat free in my restaura nt.你可以在我的餐厅免费用餐。”You may speak freely .你可以畅所欲言。” hard & hardlyhard “努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”表示程度；hardly “几乎不”表示否定。We should study hard . “我们应该努力学习。”I can hardly catc

8、h up with you.“我快跟不上你了。”【习题讲解】1. Comequickly. I have someth ing in teresti ng to tell you.A. to here B. up to hereC. hereD. i nto here2. Howthe girls are playi ng!A. happy B. happier C. happilyD. happily3. The ni ght was very, so he had to take off his shoes.A. quiet; quietlyB. quite; quickly C. lat

9、e; quick D. quite; quietly4. We have bee n to the Chi na Folk Culture Villages.A. lately B. late C. latest D. last5. He got backat four.A. to home B. at home C. his homeD. home6. Pass my glasses to me, Jack, I can read the word in the n ewspaper.A. hardly B. really C. rather D. almost7. Don t worry,

10、 sir. I m sure I can run to catch up with them.A. fast eno ugh B. eno ugh fast C. slowly eno ugh D. eno ugh slowly8. English istoo difficult for me. I can t learn it well.Don t give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldom B. n everC. always D. usually9. Will you please speakI m afraid I

11、can t follow you.A. loudly B. pleasa ntlyC. slowly D. easily10. Alice eats meat so that she can keep herself from gett ing too fat.A. rarely B. always C. n early D. carefully二、副词原级的用法1、副词的排序（1）时间、地点副词，小单位在前，大单位在后。如：Come to see me at 3 o clock（ 小时间）in the after noon.（大时间）（2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后。如：Please wr

12、ite slowly and carefully .（3）多个不同副词排序：程度+方式+ 地点+时间女口：He walked very fast outside this morning.今天早晨他在外面走得很快。2、频度副词频度副词是表示动作发生频率的一类副词，属于时间副词的一种。常用频度副词always usually often sometimes never频度副词的位置：在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后；实义动词之前。如：She _always kind to us.她对我们总是很好。”The work has never been done.这项工作永远也做不完。”He often

13、 goes to school early.他常常很早到校。”3、易混副词用法辨析(1) too, as well, also 与 either都表示也” too, as well, also都用在肯定句中，too和as well常常放在句尾；also与动词连用，常放在句中。either用在否定句中，往往放在句尾。如：He went there too / as well. = He also went there.他也去那里了。”He didn t go there either .他也没去那里。”(2) too, eno ugh 与 sotoo 太，很” tooto 结构“太而不能”；en

14、ough 足够” enoughto 足够做”；so 如此” sothat 如此以至于”。女口：Robert is too young to go to school.=Robert is not oldeno ugh to go to school.=Robert is so young that he cannot go to school.罗伯特太小了不能去上学。”(3) much too 与 too muchmuch too 非常，极其，太”，修饰形容词或副词，加强语气。too much 太多”，修饰不可数名词，与too many相似。如：This book is much too de

15、ar.这本书太贵了。”Please don t eat too much ice cream.请另U吃太多冰激凌。 ”(4) already, yet 与 stillalready, yet 已经”标准的现在完成时时间状语，already用在肯定句中，表示事情已经发生，yet用在否定和疑问句中，表示期待某事发生。still 仍然”，表示事情还在进行。如：we ve already watched that film.I haven t finished my homework yet.He still works un til late every ni ght.(5) ago 与 befor

16、e“我们已经看过那部电影。”“我还没有完成我的作业。”“每天晚上他仍然工作到很晚。ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常用在一般过去时的句子中；before表示以过去或将来的某一时刻为起点的 “以前”，常用在现在完成时， 过去完成时和一般过去时的句子中。女口:The meeti ng bega n five minu tes ago.回忆五分钟之前开始了。”I have n ever bee n to Harbin before.我以前从未去过哈尔滨。”(6) how long, how soon, how often 与 how farhow long 多久，多长时间”对一个持续的时间段提问，

17、常用 for+时间段”或since+ 时间点”来回答。如：A: How long have you bee n in Chi na B: For three mon ths.how soon “多快，多久以后”对一个短暂性动作提问，常用“ in+时间段”来回答，常用于 一般将来时中。如：A: How soon will he come back B: In five minu tes.how often “多长时间一次”，对频度进行提问，常用“ once，twice，数字+times+时间”来 回答。如：A: How ofte n do you visit your gra ndpare nt

18、s B: Once a week.how far “多远”对距离提问。如：A: How far is it from your home to your school B: About two kilometers.【习题解析】1. I saw the film two days.A. ago B. before C. after D. late2. In Brita in teawith milk or sugar in it.A. usually drinksB. is usually drunk C. usually is drunk D. drank usually3. Alicego

19、es to school at seve n.A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little4. It wasbad weather that we all had to stay in side.A. very B. so C. rather D. such5. We wont go to the cin ema n ext Saturday. They wont.A. too B. also C. neitherD. either6. He likes to do some readi ng in the mornin g, I like it,.A. to

20、o B. either C. neither D. alsoA. How longB. How farC. How ofte n8. Have youread the poema . r ifA. still B. everC. yetD. never7. is it from your home to the shopp ing mallride.About fiftee n minu tesD. How muchYes, I really enjoy it.9. I saw the film two daysA. ago B. before C. after D. lateNo, it i

21、s expensive.D. much too10. Do you enjoy traveli ng by airA. too much B. more much C. much三、副词的比较级与最高级用法1. 什么是副词的比较级与最高级(1)规则变化一般在词尾直接加er或esthardharderhardest以不发音字母e结尾的词在词尾直接加rlatelaterlatest或 st以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或estearlyearlierearliest多音节词和某些双音节词在原级前面加morecarefully一 一more carefully-most或 mostcaref

22、ully(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfatherfarthestfurtherfurthest2. 怎么用副词的比较级和最高级(1)副词比较级的用法1) 单独使用：Try to do better next time.下次争取干好一点。I had seen the film only a few daysearlier . 我是几天前才看的这部电影。He ll come back sooner or later . 他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slo

23、wly . 请讲慢一点。2) 和than 一起使用：She swims better than I.他游泳游得比我好。He works less than he used to.他工作的时间比过去少了。I go there more freque ntly tha n she does.我去那里比她勤。He studied the subject further than I do.这问题他研究得比我深入。3) 比较级前有状语修饰：You must work much faster.你必须大大加快干活的速度。He walked no further .他没再往前走。He works a lot

24、 harder than before.她工作比过去努力多了。Can you come over a bit more quickly 你能稍稍快一点来吗4) 重点和难点 asas禾口 soas 结构asas用在肯定句或否定句中，表示“像一样”，后面的副词要用原级，如：She can run as fast as a deer.她能跑得像鹿一样快。You can stay hereas long asyou want. 在那儿你爱待多久都行。You know all thisas well asI do. 这一切你和我一样了解。She loved me as much as her own c

25、hild.她待我像亲生孩子。I don t go there as much as I used to. 我现在到那里不像过去那么多了。soas只用在否定句中，表示“不像那样”，后面的副词要用原级，如:I don t like itlean t jump so high as Bill.我跳高不如比尔。so well as your other works.我喜欢它不及你的其他作品。 more and more“越来越”，如:It rained more and more heavily .雨下得越来越大了。Now we see it more and more clearly .现在我们对这

26、看得越来越清楚了。He played the pianobetter and better .他钢琴弹得越来越好了。She went farther and fartheraway.她越走越远了。 the more the more 越，越”，如:The more I work, the more I accomplish.我干得越多，完成得就越多。The better I knew,the more I liked him.我对他说了解越深就越喜欢他。 had better最好”，后接动词原形（不带to的不定式），女口:we d better not disturb him.我们最好不要打扰他。I think I d better go now.我想我最好现在就走。(2)副词最高级的用法副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the，如：Of the four of us, I sangworst .我们四人中我唱得最差。Of all your CDs, I like that oneleast .你所有的激光唱盘中，我最不喜欢那一张。He likes pai nting best